gdata.io.handleScriptLoaded({"version":"1.0","encoding":"UTF-8","feed":{"xmlns":"http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom","xmlns$openSearch":"http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/","xmlns$gd":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005","xmlns$georss":"http://www.georss.org/georss","xmlns$thr":"http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0","xmlns$blogger":"http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008","id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657"},"updated":{"$t":"2023-12-19T05:27:29.957-05:00"},"category":[{"term":"Programs"},{"term":"interventions"},{"term":"Interviews"},{"term":"FAQ"},{"term":"Community/Public"},{"term":"Language/Communication"},{"term":"Telehealth"},{"term":"Autism"},{"term":"ABA Employment"},{"term":"Home Tips"},{"term":"ABA"},{"term":"Life skills"},{"term":"ABA Reform"},{"term":"I love ABA"},{"term":"Quote of The Day"},{"term":"TV/Movies"},{"term":"assessment"},{"term":"prompting"},{"term":"Guest Post"},{"term":"BCBA"},{"term":"audio/video post"},{"term":"Staff training"},{"term":"Featured"},{"term":"Feeding"},{"term":"behavior"},{"term":"Repetitive behaviors"},{"term":"Supervisor Tips"},{"term":"Therapy start up"},{"term":"Sensory Needs"},{"term":"Parent education"},{"term":"Ethics/Professionalism"},{"term":"Pairing"},{"term":"School/Educators"},{"term":"Social Skills"},{"term":"Play Skills"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"I Love ABA!"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"~Practical Tips ~Simple Strategies ~Free Resources"},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/-/prompting?alt\u003djson-in-script"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/-/prompting?alt\u003djson-in-script"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http://www.iloveaba.com/search/label/prompting"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"https://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"5"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657.post-3253181115255528749"},"published":{"$t":"2017-02-03T22:13:00.001-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2021-09-26T17:47:59.956-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Parent education"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"prompting"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"interventions"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Language/Communication"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Show \u0026 Not Tell"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-LX9ofciYg/WJVFLXW5HnI/AAAAAAAAEQk/vBs1LAKxKwgHccu26JQwhaDWJ9_krW2AgCLcB/s1600/0d9942d3e87548ef227f74d773d9aaca.jpg\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"400\" src\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-LX9ofciYg/WJVFLXW5HnI/AAAAAAAAEQk/vBs1LAKxKwgHccu26JQwhaDWJ9_krW2AgCLcB/s400/0d9942d3e87548ef227f74d773d9aaca.jpg\" width\u003d\"311\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2IKQaiGPhKI/WJVFLVKZtZI/AAAAAAAAEQo/fKXqcOP7quM1BmcU_4FBKHwx3n6wZKbTwCLcB/s1600/Show-Tell.jpg\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"355\" src\u003d\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2IKQaiGPhKI/WJVFLVKZtZI/AAAAAAAAEQo/fKXqcOP7quM1BmcU_4FBKHwx3n6wZKbTwCLcB/s400/Show-Tell.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\"\u003ePhoto source: www.pinterest.com, http://blog.kevineikenberry.com\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e*Recommended Post: \u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/3-step-prompting.html\"\u003e3 Step Prompting\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eThis post is really about 2 issues, but\nI almost always see them done at the same time: stating instructions over and\nover, and delivering utterly non-concise instructions. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eThere is almost a quizzical cause and\neffect thing going on, where the more times the parent delivers the instruction\nto the child the more and more unclear the instruction becomes. I’ll give you\nan example:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e(\u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003eparent\nis trying to get child to touch a flashcard\u003c/i\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e“Okay Nicholas, touch the frog…..Come on, touch the frog….Hey—are\nyou looking? Nicholas……Nicholas?....Nicholas!.....Nicholas, touch the frog…..Look,\nthe green FROG right here……Just touch it…..” etc., etc.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eI promise I am not exaggerating, I saw\nan exchange very similar to this just this week. These 2 issues that I will\nreally boil down to 1 issue (stating non-concise instructions over and over),\nare extremely non- helpful whether your child has Autism or not. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eAn individual with communication delays\n(receptive or expressive) is not likely to respond well when instructions come\nat them too quickly, in a jumble of other words, or without any \u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/prompting-101.html\"\u003eprompting\u003c/a\u003e to help them understand what they are supposed to do. Children with\ncommunication delays or impairments can struggle to comprehend language spoken\nto them, understand abstract words/terms, make inferences, read facial\nexpressions, and respond appropriately to spoken language.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eSince most of my client base consists\nof children with pervasive communication deficits, one of the first things I\nwork on teaching parents is how to deliver a concise instruction. This seems\nlike something that should be common knowledge, right? I disagree. I think \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003emost \u003c/b\u003eof what ABA professionals do is\nnot common knowledge to the average parent, so it’s important to take the time\nto explain these concepts and strategies that we love to implement.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eThere are a few common objections that\nI almost always hear from a parent when we start working on this issue:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eObjection #1- \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e“But what if s/he didn’t hear me the first time?”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eObjection #2-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e“But I KNOW s/he can do this, so I just keep asking”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eObjection #3- \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e“S/he doesn’t respond unless I yell/get “firm”.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"text-indent: 4.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eMy lovely rebuttals to these objections:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"text-indent: 4.5pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eRebuttal #1- \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eMany of \u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: small;\"\u003ethe families I work with \u003c/span\u003etell me during our first meeting that\nthey actually had their child’s hearing evaluated, because it truly seemed that\nthe child had hearing loss. Definitely, make sure your child’s hearing is\nworking normally. But lots of my clients can ignore people so well that it\nseems like something must be wrong with their ears (their ears are fine).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eRebuttal #2-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e How do I know what you know? By what you show me. If you\nshow me inconsistent behavior, then I cannot say with certainty what you know. In\nthe absence of consistency, I have to treat the behavior like an unlearned\nskill.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eRebuttal #3- \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eI usually respond to this by reminding the parent that I don’t\nhave to yell, get aggressive, or anything else like that to get their child to\ncomply (and if I did, they should fire me immediately!). Do you think the child’s\nteacher has to yell? What about their nanny? What about their speech therapist?\nI hope not, because that’s a lot of yelling.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;What this objection is actually saying, is that the child has been conditioned\nover time to know that mom/dad are not serious, and do not mean business unless\nthey get angry and threatening. The goal is for the child to know you mean\nbusiness \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003ewayyy\u003c/i\u003e before that point.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eNow\nthat you thoroughly understand how NOT to give instructions, let’s jump into\nwhat I mean by Show \u0026amp; Not Tell.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eA\nlittle trick I like to teach to parents is that when they give an instruction,\nstart a mental countdown clock. Example: “Tameika, go brush your teeth (\u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003e1….2….3\u003c/i\u003e)”. Once the clock in your head\nhas counted to 3, this means it’s time to move from \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003eTelling\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\nto \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003eShowing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e. Does that sound radical, impatient, or worse? How long do\nyou think teachers give your child to respond? Or a friend on the playground?\nYou don’t want to unrealistically teach your child that its ok to respond to a\nquestion the \u003cu\u003e4\u003csup\u003et\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e or \u003cu\u003e5\u003c/u\u003e\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e time the\nperson asks it.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eLet me\nback up just a bit, and repeat the original instruction: “Tameika, go brush\nyour teeth”. This is a concise instruction. It tells the child what to do using\nsimple and clear words. Now that a full concise instruction has been given, \u003cu\u003ethere\nis no need to repeat it\u003c/u\u003e. That’s right, once you have given the concise\ninstruction you want to only use less language. Why? You want to make it clear\nto the child that you do not have to repeat yourself, you know they heard you,\nand that ignoring instructions does not gain more of your attention. I know\nparents don’t intend to do this, but amping up your reaction after your child\nstarts ignoring you is actually giving them WAY more attention for ignoring\nyou, than for listening to you.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eThe next (and shorter) instruction\nshould be combined with some type of prompt. Remember, inconsistently correct\nbehavior is still inconsistent behavior. Show the child what they need to do,\nand don’t assume they already know. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eYou may have noticed something else\nabout the Show \u0026amp; Not Tell: it’s faster. Have you ever used a timer or\nstopwatch to see how much of your day you spend telling your child to do\nsomething over and over? Well, I have. I do it at work all the time.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eMost parents don’t realize how much time is wasted when\neach instruction is given 5 or 6 times before the child responds. Buckets and buckets\nof time. Do you have buckets and buckets of time to waste? I doubt it.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eWant a handy -dandy example of all of\nthis in motion? Here you go:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable border\u003d\"1\" cellpadding\u003d\"0\" cellspacing\u003d\"0\" class\u003d\"MsoTableGrid\" style\u003d\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(251, 228, 213); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e“Tameika, clean up these blocks”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(222, 234, 246); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eClear, simple language. Use the\n  fewest words necessary for the child to understand. Gain their attention\n  before you give the instruction. Once you say the instruction, start your\n  mental clock.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-irow: 1;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(251, 228, 213); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e(Approach the child and use some\n  level of prompting to SHOW them what to do) \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e“Clean up”\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(222, 234, 246); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eRemain cool and calm. Use less words\n  than you did the first time. Move in quickly to provide assistance/a prompt.\n  Assistance does not equal completely allowing the child to get out of\n  following the instruction.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(251, 228, 213); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e(Move quickly through the prompting\n  to get the task completed. Make a brief and neutral statement at the end) \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e“You cleaned up/This is cleaning up/All\n  done with blocks”\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"background: rgb(222, 234, 246); border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 51; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eContinue to remain cool and calm. Avoid\n  lectures or reprimands about how the child does not listen. Use short, simple\n  words. IF the child had complied right away they would have received praise\n  and/or reinforcement, so at this point provide neither.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e*Resources:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eKennedy Krieger Institute \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/outpatient-programs/teaching_new_skills\"\u003earticle about teaching ASD children\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan face\u003d\"\u0026quot;calibri\u0026quot; , sans-serif\" style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eResearch article “\u003ca href\u003d\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9BLpV8fyJh8b1dnQVpScXBxTnc/view?usp\u003dsharing\"\u003eVerbal Expression and Comprehension Deficits in Young Children with Autism\u003c/a\u003e”\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003dwww.iloveaba.com\u003eI Love ABA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/feeds/3253181115255528749/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2017/02/show-not-tell.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/3253181115255528749"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/3253181115255528749"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2017/02/show-not-tell.html","title":"Show \u0026 Not Tell"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f-LX9ofciYg/WJVFLXW5HnI/AAAAAAAAEQk/vBs1LAKxKwgHccu26JQwhaDWJ9_krW2AgCLcB/s72-c/0d9942d3e87548ef227f74d773d9aaca.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657.post-512380071941780681"},"published":{"$t":"2016-10-14T15:20:00.001-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2021-08-11T14:50:41.987-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Staff training"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"prompting"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"interventions"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"ABA"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"behavior"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Programs"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"The NR Blues"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kdbafvv7pL4/WAEtpQI8zuI/AAAAAAAAEF8/tWr6cPwKh3EGFdFwOkbiGaNJeP6m4IIIACLcB/s1600/2378917_orig.jpg\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"267\" src\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kdbafvv7pL4/WAEtpQI8zuI/AAAAAAAAEF8/tWr6cPwKh3EGFdFwOkbiGaNJeP6m4IIIACLcB/s400/2378917_orig.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ldXhhG9nsrg/WAEtpl3y23I/AAAAAAAAEGA/mCH97R9h_rgpOvrVJVOZBCSvvQ5OOzVzACLcB/s1600/Lazy-man.jpg\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"266\" src\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ldXhhG9nsrg/WAEtpl3y23I/AAAAAAAAEGA/mCH97R9h_rgpOvrVJVOZBCSvvQ5OOzVzACLcB/s400/Lazy-man.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: xx-small;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003ePhoto source: www.hamermetalart.com, www.393communications.com\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nWhat’s “NR” you ask? A common way to collect data after a\ntrial in which the learner not only did not give a correct response, but didn’t\nrespond at all, is to score “no response” (NR). \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nWhile motor actions can be prompted if the learner does not\ndo anything, vocal responses cannot. I say to my staff all the time, “we can’t\nreach into his/her throat and pull out words”. So if you say to your client “What\ncolor is the sun? YELLOW” and they just stare at you, then that was a “no\nresponse” trial.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003eI can\nabsolutely relate to how it feels to bring your A-game, put on your animated\nface, and get a lot of nothing in return. It’s frustrating, and makes you doubt\nyour clinical skills.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nWhen correct responding disappears from the session, some\nclients may turn super silly and distracted, or some may have a spike in\naggression. Just between you and me, I would much rather deal with one of those\nscenarios. It’s the completely non-responsive individual that I find to be the\nmost challenging…..it is kind of like your clients body remained in the chair,\nbut the rest of them got up, walked out of the building, and is headed somewhere\nFAR more exciting.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003eHere are a few\nthings that definitely do not work, are ineffective, and should be avoided:\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style\u003d\"font: 7pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e*Waiting the client out – I have seen a few\ntherapists try this one, and usually the client is perfectly content to keep\nstaring into space as you wait them out. And lets be real, your session is only so long. The client is quite aware that you will tire of this game before they do :-)\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style\u003d\"font: 7pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; *\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eContinue teaching/Keep up the status quo – Think\nof it like this, if your client has completely stopped any correct responding\nand you just keep plugging away: Is learning happening?\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style\u003d\"font: 7pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; *\u0026nbsp;\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eSpeak louder – Sound silly? I see it a lot. \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003e·\u003cspan style\u003d\"font: 7pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; *\u0026nbsp;\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e“Saaaam…..Sam!....Helloooooo, Sam?” – If your\nclient is not responding to task demands or any of your instructions, odds are\nthey also will not respond to their name being called.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nNow that we got all the stuff that does not work out of the\nway, I really only have one suggestion for what you SHOULD try when those NR blues kick in. It may be just one suggestion, but it can look about\n900 different ways depending on the learner.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003eChange\nsomething about YOU.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"text-decoration: none;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nWhat my staff usually say to me (and how I used to look at\nthis back in the day) is: \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003e“I tried this,\nand that, and this, and Sam just won’t attend/listen/respond! I don’t know what\nelse to do to get him to (insert whatever response the therapist is expecting)”.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nWhat I am suggesting, is flip that statement on its head and\ninstead ask yourself: \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003e“What can I do\ndifferently that will motivate Sam to respond? Am I interesting? Am I\nreinforcing? Would I want to attend to me? Is this program interesting? Are\nthese materials engaging? When did I last reinforce any of his behavior? Is my frustration/annoyance\nshowing on my face? Does my voice sound irritated? Am I moving through targets\ntoo quickly? Too slowly? How can I be more \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003efun\u003c/b\u003e?”.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\nSee the difference? Instead of \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003eunintentionally\u003c/i\u003e blaming Sam for his lack of responding, first blame\nyourself. Then, look at your options and start trying them out to see what is\neffective.\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u003c/span\u003eI am a big fan of “Let’s try\nthis and see what happens”. Even if you try something and it fails, you just\nlearned 1 thing that does NOT work. Which is still progress. \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n** Recommended Reading:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2011/12/icel-what-is-it.html\"\u003eICEL\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2014/09/keeping-f-u-n-in-b-a_21.html\"\u003eABA is FUN!\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003dwww.iloveaba.com\u003eI Love ABA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/feeds/512380071941780681/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2016/10/the-nr-blues.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/512380071941780681"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/512380071941780681"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2016/10/the-nr-blues.html","title":"The NR Blues"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kdbafvv7pL4/WAEtpQI8zuI/AAAAAAAAEF8/tWr6cPwKh3EGFdFwOkbiGaNJeP6m4IIIACLcB/s72-c/2378917_orig.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657.post-2858652894154513870"},"published":{"$t":"2013-09-12T23:01:00.000-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-04-10T20:33:20.674-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Staff training"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Parent education"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"prompting"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"ABA"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Programs"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Backward \u0026 Forward Chaining"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\n  \u003cw:View\u003eNormal\u003c/w:View\u003e\n  \u003cw:Zoom\u003e0\u003c/w:Zoom\u003e\n  \u003cw:PunctuationKerning/\u003e\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas/\u003e\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\n   \u003cw:BreakWrappedTables/\u003e\n   \u003cw:SnapToGridInCell/\u003e\n   \u003cw:WrapTextWithPunct/\u003e\n   \u003cw:UseAsianBreakRules/\u003e\n   \u003cw:DontGrowAutofit/\u003e\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState\u003d\"false\" LatentStyleCount\u003d\"156\"\u003e\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:10.0pt;\n font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-ansi-language:#0400;\n mso-fareast-language:#0400;\n mso-bidi-language:#0400;}\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QK-UeT90xLc/UjJ92Sq_FRI/AAAAAAAABxA/VfWqTkvu20g/s1600/intentional-play-watering-plants.jpg\" imageanchor\u003d\"1\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"395\" src\u003d\"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QK-UeT90xLc/UjJ92Sq_FRI/AAAAAAAABxA/VfWqTkvu20g/s400/intentional-play-watering-plants.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5GritVRFIAc/UjJ92SZwvWI/AAAAAAAABw8/Kwt93zWBBmI/s1600/make-a-bed_art.jpg\" imageanchor\u003d\"1\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"400\" src\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5GritVRFIAc/UjJ92SZwvWI/AAAAAAAABw8/Kwt93zWBBmI/s400/make-a-bed_art.jpg\" width\u003d\"296\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yIYaOmNQUU0/UjXaUpWb1wI/AAAAAAAABxk/axbJ6zSME2I/s1600/adapted_learning_sample.png\" imageanchor\u003d\"1\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"400\" src\u003d\"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yIYaOmNQUU0/UjXaUpWb1wI/AAAAAAAABxk/axbJ6zSME2I/s400/adapted_learning_sample.png\" width\u003d\"310\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: \u0026quot;cambria\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;cambria\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;cambria\u0026quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003eC\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003ehaining is a way to teach a multi-step or\ncomplex skill. While often used as a component of ABA instruction, chaining can\nbe used to teach anyone a complex skill. A complex skill is a skill that really\nconsists of several small behaviors that are linked or chained together, to\naccomplish a terminal goal. An example of a skill consisting of\nseveral discrete behaviors is wiping a table.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eTeaching a skill using chaining is commonly\nrecommended if the child can only perform some of the steps, consistently misses/skips\nsteps, or is completing steps incorrectly. For example, on a daily basis the\nchild throws their wet toothbrush in the sink instead of putting it in the\ntoothbrush holder. That would be a good situation to introduce chaining into.\nAnother issue I see commonly is the child who independently uses the bathroom,\nand then consistently fails to button/zip their pants back up. That is a child\nwho could benefit from a chaining program.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eA way I like to explain chaining is by comparing\nit to cooking. I am a recipe person. Even if I have made something multiple\ntimes, I still like to have the recipe in front of me. Imagine I asked you to\nmake me some oatmeal raisin cookies, but I gave you no recipe to follow and no\nexpectations of exactly what to do. What kind of raisins do I like? Do I like\ncinnamon in my cookies or vanilla extract? Do I prefer chewy or crisp cookies?\nYou would likely start or finish the cooking chain successfully, but have errors or\nmissed steps in the middle. This is why using chaining to teach a skill can be\nso helpful. For a child with Autism, hearing a demand like “make your bed” may\nnot mean anything. They may need a \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003erecipe\u003c/i\u003e\nto follow, which clearly states my expectations of how to complete the task.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eThe 3 types of chaining are: Backward chaining, Forward chaining, and Total Task chaining.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eBackward\nChaining\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e- Backward chaining refers to teaching a behavioral chain beginning with the last step: you would completely\nprompt the entire chain of behaviors except the last step. Using the tooth\nbrushing example, the child would be prompted to do every single step and then\nwould independently put the toothbrush in the toothbrush holder. Backward\nchaining is recommended if the child can successfully complete more steps at\nthe end of the behavior chain. Backward chaining also has the advantage of\ncreating a link between the most work and the biggest reinforcer. If I am using\nbackward chaining to teach a child to make French toast, then I would prompt\nevery step and have the child independently use a spatula to move the\ntoast from the pan to a plate. Then we get to eat! So the most work (independent\nstep) led to the biggest reinforcement (consuming the food). Once the last step\nis mastered at an independent level, then move to the last 2 steps, then the\nlast 3 steps, etc.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eForward\nchaining\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e- Forward chaining refers to teaching a behavioral chain beginning with the first step: have the child\ncomplete the first step independently and then prompt all remaining steps. Using the tooth brushing example, the child would\nindependently pick up their toothbrush out of the toothbrush holder, and then\nall remaining steps are prompted. Forward chaining is recommended if the child\ncan successfully complete more steps at the start of the behavior chain.\nForward chaining has the advantage of using behavior momentum, as\nthe 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e step is often the simplest, easiest step. If I am using\nforward chaining to teach a child to make French toast, then I would have the\nchild get the bread out of the refrigerator independently, and prompt every other step. Once\nthe first step is mastered at an independent level, then move to the first 2\nsteps, then the first 3 steps, etc.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003eTotal\ntask chaining\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e- As the name implies, total task chaining is\nwhen you teach the complete behavior chain one step after another. Total task is what most teachers or parents naturally use to teach a skill. E.g. \"Okay turn the water on...now soap up your hands....good, now scrub your hands together\", etc. The adult walks the child through each step, prompting as necessary. For a child with Autism, this may still be too complex of a teaching style. For that reason, backward or forward chaining is usually more commonly used for kiddos with Autism.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eLastly, to\ncreate a chaining program you will need a Task Analysis. A task analysis isn’t\nas complicated as it might sound. It is basically the GPS step- by- step\ndirections to completing the skill. A task analysis is typically created by\ncompleting the skill yourself or watching someone else complete the skill. It’s\nvery important not to just write up a task analysis based on your memory. Even\nsimple tasks, like making a sandwich, can have small important steps that you\nmay inadvertently skip. If you don’t teach the step, then you really can’t\nblame the child for not completing the step. You could also consult with a\nprofessional or do some research on how to perform a specific task. I could\neasily create a task analysis for tooth brushing, but if I had to teach an\nolder client to change the oil on a car, I definitely could not easily write a\ntask analysis for that. I would need to do some research, perhaps talk with a\nmechanic, etc.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eHere’s a\ntip: after you create a task analysis, complete the behavior chain yourself to\nmake sure you haven’t skipped any steps or placed steps out of order. It\nhappens more often than you might think.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e*Resource:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: helvetica neue, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 14.6667px;\"\u003e- How to use \u003ca href\u003d\"https://howtoaba.com/how-to-use-chaining-with-a-task-analysis/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eChaining\u003c/a\u003e to teach skills\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: helvetica neue, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 14.6667px;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 11pt;\"\u003e-A solid understanding of \u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2012/01/greatest-american-hero-reinforcement.html\"\u003eReinforcement\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/prompting-101.html\"\u003ePrompting\u003c/a\u003e is necessary to teach using chaining. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;helvetica neue\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;arial\u0026quot; , \u0026quot;helvetica\u0026quot; , sans-serif;\"\u003e\n\n\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003dwww.iloveaba.com\u003eI Love ABA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/feeds/2858652894154513870/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2013/09/backward-forward-chaining.html#comment-form","title":"6 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/2858652894154513870"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/2858652894154513870"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2013/09/backward-forward-chaining.html","title":"Backward \u0026 Forward Chaining"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QK-UeT90xLc/UjJ92Sq_FRI/AAAAAAAABxA/VfWqTkvu20g/s72-c/intentional-play-watering-plants.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"6"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657.post-7259977786074418791"},"published":{"$t":"2013-03-06T18:35:00.004-05:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2018-03-25T17:47:05.428-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Parent education"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"prompting"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Autism"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"interventions"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Language/Communication"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Initiators vs. Responders"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\n  \u003cw:View\u003eNormal\u003c/w:View\u003e\n  \u003cw:Zoom\u003e0\u003c/w:Zoom\u003e\n  \u003cw:PunctuationKerning/\u003e\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas/\u003e\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\n   \u003cw:BreakWrappedTables/\u003e\n   \u003cw:SnapToGridInCell/\u003e\n   \u003cw:WrapTextWithPunct/\u003e\n   \u003cw:UseAsianBreakRules/\u003e\n   \u003cw:DontGrowAutofit/\u003e\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState\u003d\"false\" LatentStyleCount\u003d\"156\"\u003e\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:10.0pt;\n font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-ansi-language:#0400;\n mso-fareast-language:#0400;\n mso-bidi-language:#0400;}\ntable.MsoTableGrid\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Grid\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;\n mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;\n mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext;\n mso-para-margin:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:10.0pt;\n font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-ansi-language:#0400;\n mso-fareast-language:#0400;\n mso-bidi-language:#0400;}\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nVHMsE8mGSg/UTfSFzgnMlI/AAAAAAAABZ0/pYrSQ-MrTsI/s1600/Mom-helping-son-with-homework.jpg\" imageanchor\u003d\"1\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" height\u003d\"266\" src\u003d\"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nVHMsE8mGSg/UTfSFzgnMlI/AAAAAAAABZ0/pYrSQ-MrTsI/s400/Mom-helping-son-with-homework.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eFor the parent of a child with special\nneeds, you learn to become many things. The child’s translator, the child’s\nsafe haven, the one who “explains” the things the child does, a short order\ncook, etc. When children with special needs are young and pre-verbal, they do\nrequire lots of assistance and help and someone who knows the child very well is\nusually the mediator for that child to communicate with anyone. Mom and Dad are\nthe only ones who know that the child disrobing in public means “I need to go\npotty” or that throwing their bottle out of the crib means “More, please”. This\nis a natural and important step in the relationship between parent and child.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eAt some point this natural tendency for\nloving parents to step in and make things easier for the child can actually\nbecome a hindrance to learning and development. Similar to\u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/prompting-101.html\"\u003e prompting\u003c/a\u003e, constantly\nstepping in to read your child’s mind and give them what they want can kill any\nmotivation the child may have to communicate. That’s how behavior works. As\nhumans, we tend to reach for the easiest option.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eWhen working with my clients, I often\nwalk into situations where it’s glaringly obvious that while the parents adore\nand love their child, they have made life for the child \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eWAY\u003c/b\u003e too easy. For example, a parent telling me how she wants her\nchild to be more independent as I watch her spoon feed her 4 year old. Things that make you go, \"Hmmmmm......\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eI do understand that all of this care\nand involvement comes from a place of love, and likely started as a necessary\nresponse to a child with many serious deficits. However at some point as\nparents and professionals, we have to start taking steps back and expecting the\nchild to be more independent. I haven’t met many parents who tell me they want\ntheir child to be more dependent..….its usually the exact opposite. If you want\nyour child to be more independent, then first examine if you are helping the\nchild depend on you too much.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe goal is to help the child move\ntowards being an Initiator, and away from being a Responder. Here are a few\nexamples of what that would look like:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable border\u003d\"1\" cellpadding\u003d\"0\" cellspacing\u003d\"0\" class\u003d\"MsoTableGrid\" style\u003d\"border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eINITIATOR CHILD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eRESPONDER\n  CHILD\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-irow: 1;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe child is hungry, so they seek out\n  an adult and mand for food (e.g. “Cookies please”).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe child is hungry, so they begin to\n  whine and display irritable behaviors. After some time has passed, someone\n  figures out that the child may be hungry.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-irow: 2;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe child is bored, so they turn on\n  the TV and sit down to watch.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe child is bored, so they follow\n  Mom or Dad around the house begging to be picked up. It is then up to Mom or\n  Dad to entertain the child.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style\u003d\"mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;\"\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eDad forgets to give the child juice\n  with their snack. The child makes eye contact with Dad and points to the\n  refrigerator, to request juice.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n  \u003ctd style\u003d\"border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 221.4pt;\" valign\u003d\"top\" width\u003d\"295\"\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eDad forgets to give the child juice\n  with their snack. The child bursts into tears and refuses to eat.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eA child who is a responder will depend\non others to get needs met, or they will use behavior to communicate a need. These\nchildren rely on adults to read their mind and determine what they need. This\noften leads to a lovely game that I like to call “\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: purple;\"\u003eGuess what I want\u003c/span\u003e!\u003c/b\u003e”, as Mom\nor Dad frantically try to figure out how to get the child to stop crying, or\nengaging in some other problem behavior.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eA child who is an initiator will either\nattempt to meet needs themselves, or they will use communication to request an\nadult help them. \u003cspan style\u003d\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003eThe child is able to\nuse communication (either vocal or nonvocal) to express what they want in a way\nthat multiple people can understand. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eThe goal when teaching a child with\nAutism is always to strive for more than what the child is currently doing. Depending\non what a child is currently able to do, there is always a way to help the\nchild gain more independence with that skill.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eA very common example of initiators vs.\nresponders that I see often deals with toilet training. I have had parents tell\nme that their child is completely toilet trained. Then I ask how the child\nindicates they need to use the toilet. If the parent answers “I don’t know” or\n“We can just tell”, then no….that child is not fully toilet trained. If your\nchild just gets up and silently goes to a bathroom, then what happens when you\nare in public? If you are in a crowded mall, how does your child let you know\nthey have to go potty? If you left your child with a babysitter, would that\nperson be able to tell that your child needs to use the bathroom? Being fully\ntoilet trained means being able to inform adults of the need to use the\nbathroom, as well as being able to request the bathroom in an unknown place.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eHelping your child move from being a\nresponder to an initiator will help them become more independent, and\ninitiation is a critical life skill for success in school, with peer groups,\nand many other important domains. Here are some helpful tips for making life\njust a little bit harder for your child with Autism.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul type\u003d\"square\"\u003e\n\u003cli class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eDon’t be afraid of independence: I know it might be\n     hard to let your 3 year old use a knife to cut his hot dog, or to teach\n     your 6 year old how to unbuckle his seatbelt. You can encourage\n     independence in a safe way and within boundaries. Just because your son\n     can unbuckle his seatbelt doesn’t mean its okay to do so as you are\n     driving down the highway. Teach boundaries and limits, even as you\n     increase your child’s independence. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003ePlay dumb: This is the simplest way to start slowly\n     decreasing the amount of assistance or prompting you provide. When your\n     child comes up to you whining or crying with outstretched arms, look at\n     them quizzically and act as if you don’t understand what they want.\n     Depending on the ability of the child, prompt them to communicate via\n     language, PECS, pointing, etc. For example, require the child to say “Up”\n     before you will pick them up. Crying, pulling on your pants, or kicking\n     your leg, should not be reinforced. Stop anticipating your child’s needs\n     and acting on it, and instead pretend as if you don’t understand what they\n     want so they will be motivated to try something else.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eSlow down: Parents often tell me it’s easier to just\n     dress the child, wash the child’s face, or feed the child breakfast. I\n     know it’s easier and saves time, but in the long run it is making the\n     child too dependent on you. \u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003eAccept\n     that sometimes you will be late\u003c/b\u003e. Yes, you might have to wait 15\n     minutes for your child to put on their shirt, or it may take a full\n     tantrum to get your child to brush his teeth. Sometimes you have to make\n     immediate sacrifices in order to reach a long term goal. Start small, such\n     as giving your child a bowl, spoon, and no cereal. Using communication at\n     the level of the child, prompt them to request the cereal. Even if this\n     takes 10 minutes out of your morning routine, in the long run you are\n     teaching your child to be an initiator. Tell the child’s teacher that you\n     are working on independence in the morning routine, and your child may be\n     late to school for a few days. I’m sure if you explain it the teacher will\n     understand, and possibly even help you reinforce the skill in the\n     classroom.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003eWait: This isn’t just difficult for parents; I am\n     guilty of this too. Sometimes we want to help\n     the child be successful so much, that we are too quick to provide\n     prompting or assistance. We give a demand, the child doesn’t respond, and\n     we immediately jump in to provide a prompt. The problem with this is over\n     time it can cause the child to become prompt-dependent, and to remain a\n     responder instead of being an initiator. The next time you give a demand\n     to your child, try waiting 10 seconds for them to respond. I know that\n     sounds like a lifetime, but some children with Autism have auditory\n     processing issues, so they need to process what you said and select a\n     response before they can begin to comply. I wouldn’t suggest doing this\n     all of the time, but it’s important not to make a habit out of jumping in\n     and helping your child. If you have just told your daughter to tie her\n     shoes, sit down next to her and wait a full 10 seconds before giving any\n     prompts. See what the child does with that time. Does she just sit and\n     stare at her shoes, or does she start attempting to put them on? You might\n     even see the child look over at you, and reach for your hand for help.\n     That’s great! That is an opportunity to teach a type of request, such as\n     “Help”. It’s important to let the child \u003ci style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003etry \u003c/i\u003ebefore hastily jumping in to help. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\" style\u003d\"mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: \u0026quot;palatino linotype\u0026quot;;\"\u003e* GREAT and very parent-friendly\nresource on this topic: \u003ca href\u003d\"http://www.amazon.com/Initiations-Interactions-Intervention-Techniques-Disorders/dp/1931282323#\"\u003e\u003cu\u003eInitiations and Interactions: Early Intervention Techniques\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/a\u003e by Teresa A. Cardon\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003dwww.iloveaba.com\u003eI Love ABA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/feeds/7259977786074418791/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2013/03/initiators-vs-responders.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/7259977786074418791"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/7259977786074418791"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2013/03/initiators-vs-responders.html","title":"Initiators vs. Responders"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nVHMsE8mGSg/UTfSFzgnMlI/AAAAAAAABZ0/pYrSQ-MrTsI/s72-c/Mom-helping-son-with-homework.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-910085778879504657.post-6649123730757897736"},"published":{"$t":"2011-09-20T08:40:00.004-04:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2021-08-11T09:17:26.506-04:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Staff training"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"prompting"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"ABA"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Prompting 101"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003ca href\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-siTgHhOKADg/Wrftr_1R8kI/AAAAAAAAE64/PWQaC6aSQ80uLi_ujsptDVK5zBkiRzrUwCLcBGAs/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg\" style\u003d\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003e\u003cimg border\u003d\"0\" data-original-height\u003d\"900\" data-original-width\u003d\"1600\" height\u003d\"225\" src\u003d\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-siTgHhOKADg/Wrftr_1R8kI/AAAAAAAAE64/PWQaC6aSQ80uLi_ujsptDVK5zBkiRzrUwCLcBGAs/s400/maxresdefault.jpg\" width\u003d\"400\" /\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nI had a supervision session yesterday with a new hire, that made me think of a topic for a blog post: Prompting!\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nPrompting in ABA is a method or tool used to move the learner from incorrect responding to correct responding. When done correctly, prompting increases the rate of responding, lowers frustration, and helps the individual learn more efficiently.\u003cbr /\u003e\nIf I know you don't know how to bake a pie, I wouldn't say to you: \"Make me a cherry pie\" and then just stand back and watch you struggle. \u003cb\u003ePracticing errors impedes learning\u003c/b\u003e. I would step in to provide you with prompting and guidance as much as you needed, in order to help you be successful.\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nThere are many ways you can prompt:\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cb style\u003d\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-size: 14pt;\"\u003eHierarchy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n(\u003ci\u003eSome prompts will be much more intrusive than other prompts. This is not an exhaustive list of ALL possible\nprompts. it is simply a way to understand types of\nprompting\u003c/i\u003e)\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class\u003d\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul style\u003d\"margin-top: 0in;\" type\u003d\"disc\"\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:WordDocument\u003e\n  \u003cw:View\u003eNormal\u003c/w:View\u003e\n  \u003cw:Zoom\u003e0\u003c/w:Zoom\u003e\n  \u003cw:PunctuationKerning/\u003e\n  \u003cw:ValidateAgainstSchemas/\u003e\n  \u003cw:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003efalse\u003c/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid\u003e\n  \u003cw:IgnoreMixedContent\u003efalse\u003c/w:IgnoreMixedContent\u003e\n  \u003cw:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003efalse\u003c/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText\u003e\n  \u003cw:Compatibility\u003e\n   \u003cw:BreakWrappedTables/\u003e\n   \u003cw:SnapToGridInCell/\u003e\n   \u003cw:WrapTextWithPunct/\u003e\n   \u003cw:UseAsianBreakRules/\u003e\n   \u003cw:DontGrowAutofit/\u003e\n  \u003c/w:Compatibility\u003e\n  \u003cw:BrowserLevel\u003eMicrosoftInternetExplorer4\u003c/w:BrowserLevel\u003e\n \u003c/w:WordDocument\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhysical - Hand over Hand (HOH), leading a child by the hand, or physically moving a child\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Verbal - Can be partial verbal or full verbal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Model - Demonstrating for the child what you want them to do\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Gestural - Gesturing, pointing, making a non verbal motion to show the child what to do (*note: don’t combine with words, that’s actually 2\nprompts)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Visual - Larger stimuli, brightly colored stimuli\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Spatial (proximity) - Putting the correct choice nearer to the child than the incorrect choice\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Sequential (order in which things are presented) - Working on easy tasks first and building up to difficult tasks\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Textual (written) - Writing out the steps of the task\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Tactile - Using the actual stimuli as a prompt/reminder, such as placing a briefcase by the front door so you don’t forget it\nthe next day\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cul style\u003d\"margin-top: 0in;\" type\u003d\"disc\"\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003cw:LatentStyles DefLockedState\u003d\"false\" LatentStyleCount\u003d\"156\"\u003e\n \u003c/w:LatentStyles\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 10]\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e\n /* Style Definitions */\n table.MsoNormalTable\n {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\";\n mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\n mso-para-margin:0in;\n mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:10.0pt;\n font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n mso-ansi-language:#0400;\n mso-fareast-language:#0400;\n mso-bidi-language:#0400;}\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003co:shapedefaults v:ext\u003d\"edit\" spidmax\u003d\"1026\"/\u003e\n\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c!--[if gte mso 9]\u003e\u003cxml\u003e\n \u003co:shapelayout v:ext\u003d\"edit\"\u003e\n  \u003co:idmap v:ext\u003d\"edit\" data\u003d\"1\"/\u003e\n \u003c/o:shapelayout\u003e\u003c/xml\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nTo increase prompting to improve learning, move UP the prompting hierarchy (from least to most intrusive).\u0026nbsp; To fade out prompts and prevent prompt dependency move DOWN the prompting hierarchy (from most to least). Generally, the most to least prompting hierarchy would be: Full \nphysical, partial physical, full vocal, partial vocal, modeling, \ngestural. \u003ci\u003e*This is a general guideline, and is leaving out many other types or prompts\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nDuring a therapy session you will use many different types of prompts at different times, usually when teaching a brand\u0026nbsp; new skill. The client shouldn't need much prompting for a known skill. If they do you may want to examine your teaching procedure and also make sure the client has the prerequisite skills needed for the current target.\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nThe therapist I supervised yesterday was making a common error that can happen with new therapists and also with parents. She was over -prompting and then reinforcing those prompted responses.\u003cbr /\u003e\nI brought this to the therapists attention who was completely unaware of her error. She asked me, \"How do I know if something I am doing is a prompt?\"\u0026nbsp; There is an easy way to determine this. Ask yourself, \"If I remove this step, would the client still be able to do the task?\" If the answer is no then you are over -prompting and need to remember to fade prompts as rapidly as possible.\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\nSomething I used to do as a new therapist was arrange learning materials with the correct item closest to the client. There was no particular reason I did this other than a bad habit that went on for too long. During a training session with my supervisor, this was pointed out to me and then we did a few practice trials where the materials were arranged in a different way each time. My supervisor was able to demonstrate to me that the position of learning materials can \u003cb\u003eabsolutely\u003c/b\u003e serve as an inadvertent prompt, if I'm not careful. Lesson learned for me!\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nSometimes you have to purposely change the way you do something to see if you are using a prompt. \u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cbr /\u003e\nIf you remove a glance, a touch, a word, a facial expression, or a gesture, and the client \"suddenly\" can't perform the task anymore then you were likely over- prompting the task all along.\u003cdiv class\u003d\"blogger-post-footer\"\u003e\u003ca href\u003dwww.iloveaba.com\u003eI Love ABA\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/feeds/6649123730757897736/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/prompting-101.html#comment-form","title":"2 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/6649123730757897736"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/910085778879504657/posts/default/6649123730757897736"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.iloveaba.com/2011/09/prompting-101.html","title":"Prompting 101"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Tameika Meadows, BCBA, Blog Author"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/17008810597417201971"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"32","height":"32","src":"//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKRu-32Kiv0YjGfVQQ0isn09_Q0rxpVUSLk206uq3faX3NIRWl2Ysmtq6cdZ5IPewos6C9xm3Fn_05hk7DBTKU0BOOraF03cyPTHWfXXjm5RyHAEAXnZ3oiK8cEXrAcg/s220/20161223_173533-1.jpg"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-siTgHhOKADg/Wrftr_1R8kI/AAAAAAAAE64/PWQaC6aSQ80uLi_ujsptDVK5zBkiRzrUwCLcBGAs/s72-c/maxresdefault.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"2"}}]}});