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2981"},{"term":"One Liner Set - 3197"},{"term":"One Liner Set - 3237"},{"term":"One Liner Set - 2276"},{"term":"One Liner Set - 1879"},{"term":"One Liner Set - 2316"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Gyan Darpan : Learning Portal"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"इस वेबसाइट पर सभी प्रकार के सामान्य ज्ञान तथा ऑनलाइन टेस्ट का संग्रह है जिनके पूछे जाने की संभावना किसी भी प्रतियोगिता परीक्षा में सर्वाधिक होती है, यहाँ प्रत्येक टॉपिक में कई टेस्ट क्विज दिए गये हैं, जिनकी तैयारी किसी भी सामान्य ज्ञान या सामान्य जानकारी की परीक्षा के लिए बेहद जरूरी हैं"},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default?alt\u003djson-in-script\u0026start-index\u003d26\u0026orderby\u003dpublished"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default?alt\u003djson-in-script\u0026start-index\u003d26\u0026orderby\u003dpublished"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http://www.gyandarpan.in/"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"},{"rel":"previous","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default?alt\u003djson-in-script\u0026start-index\u003d1\u0026max-results\u003d25\u0026orderby\u003dpublished"},{"rel":"next","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default?alt\u003djson-in-script\u0026start-index\u003d51\u0026max-results\u003d25\u0026orderby\u003dpublished"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Suren Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/04872949468829272750"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"https://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"12752"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"26"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"25"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-5660415950110381541"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T18:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:28.661+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 7"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Crackles\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Arrhythmias\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Hepatic engorgement\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Hypotension\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Crackles\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCrackles in the lungs are a classic sign of left-sided heart failure. These sounds are caused by fluid backing up into the pulmonary system. The left ventricle of the heart no longer pumps enough blood around the body. As a result, blood builds up in the pulmonary veins (the blood vessels that carry blood away from the lungs). This causes shortness of breath, trouble breathing, or coughing – especially during physical activity.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Arrhythmias can be associated with both right- and left-sided heart failure. Heart failure can result if the heart is pumping ineffectively for a prolonged period due to bradycardia or tachycardia, such as atrial fibrillation. Sometimes controlling the rate of an arrhythmia that’s causing heart failure can improve the heart’s function.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Increased pressure in the sublobular branches of the hepatic veins causes engorgement of venous blood, and is most frequently due to chronic cardiac lesions, especially those affecting the right heart (e.g., right-sided heart failure), the blood being dammed back in the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Left-sided heart failure causes hypertension secondary to an increased workload on the system. Patients with left heart failure may present with complaints of shortness of breath (often on exertion, a sensitivity of 89%), orthopnea (specificity of 89%), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and/or symptoms of volume overload (e.g., leg swelling, weight gain, increased abdominal girth, or right upper quadrant pain due to liver congestion).\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/5660415950110381541/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-7.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/5660415950110381541"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/5660415950110381541"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-7.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 7"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-9123192312114285928"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T17:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:28.927+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 8"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn which of the following disorders would the nurse expect to assess sacral edema in a bedridden client?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Diabetes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Pulmonary emboli\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Renal failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Right-sided heart failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Right-sided heart failure\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe most accurate area on the body to assess dependent edema in a bed-ridden client is the sacral area. Sacral, or dependent, edema is secondary to right-sided heart failure. This is because the heart is too weak to pump blood around the body properly, so the blood gathers in front of the heart. Because of this, and due to the increased blood pressure in the veins, fluid seeps out into the surrounding tissue. This may cause swelling in the legs or a build-up of fluid in the abdomen. If the person spends a lot of time lying down, the edema might show up on his or her back (called sacral edema).\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: If there is a lack of the protein albumin in the blood, fluid can leak out of blood vessels more easily. Low protein in the blood can be caused by extreme malnutrition, as well as kidney and liver diseases which mean that the body loses too much or produces too little protein.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Venous insufficiency can cause edema in the feet and ankles, because the veins are having trouble transporting enough blood all the way to the feet and back to the heart. This means that it gathers in the legs, and fluid is forced out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. Edema can also be caused by varicose veins.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Kidney disease could cause edema in the legs and around the eyes, because when the kidneys do not remove enough sodium and water from the body, the pressure in the blood vessels starts building up, which can lead to edema.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/9123192312114285928/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-8.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/9123192312114285928"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/9123192312114285928"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-8.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 8"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-2453176682577648081"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T17:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:29.175+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 9"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following symptoms might a client with right-sided heart failure exhibit?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Adequate urine output\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Polyuria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Oliguria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Polydipsia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. Oliguria\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eInadequate deactivation of aldosterone by the liver after right-sided heart failure leads to fluid retention, which causes oliguria. Oliguria is a late finding in heart failure, and it is found in patients with markedly reduced cardiac output from severely reduced LV function. Nocturia may occur relatively early in the course of heart failure. Recumbency reduces the deficit in cardiac output in relation to oxygen demand, renal vasoconstriction diminishes, and urine formation increases.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: When the body thinks it needs more fluid in its blood vessels, it releases specific chemicals (renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone) that cause the blood vessels to constrict. In addition, these hormones cause the body to retain more sodium and water. This adds fluid to the circulatory system. This fluid becomes part of the blood circulating throughout the system.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: With heart failure, the heart doesn’t pump as well as it should. So the body doesn’t get enough blood and oxygen. When this occurs, the body believes that there isn’t enough fluid inside its vessels. The body’s hormone and nervous systems try to make up for this by increasing blood pressure, holding on to salt (sodium) and water in the body, and increasing heart rate. These responses are the body’s attempt to compensate for the poor blood circulation and backup of blood.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Primary polydipsia (PP) is a condition where there is excess consumption of fluids leading to polyuria with diluted urine and, ultimately, hyponatremia. Polyuria can be defined as urine production greater than 40-50 ml/kg in a twenty-four-hour period.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/2453176682577648081/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-9.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2453176682577648081"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2453176682577648081"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-9.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 9"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-2451567937007023951"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T16:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:29.427+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 10"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following classes of medications maximizes cardiac performance in clients with heart failure by increasing ventricular contractility?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Beta-adrenergic blockers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Calcium channel blockers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Diuretics\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Inotropic agents\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Inotropic agents\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eInotropic agents are administered to increase the force of the heart’s contractions, thereby increasing ventricular contractility and ultimately increasing cardiac output. Inotropic agents such as milrinone, digoxin, dopamine, and dobutamine are used to increase the force of cardiac contractions. Intravenous positive inotropic agents should only be used in inpatient settings — and then only in patients who manifest signs and symptoms of low cardiac output syndrome (volume overload with evidence of organ hypoperfusion).\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: The catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine bind to B1 receptors and increase cardiac automaticity as well as conduction velocity. B1 receptors also induce renin release, and this leads to an increase in blood pressure. In contrast, binding to B2 receptors causes relaxation of the smooth muscles along with increased metabolic effects such as glycogenolysis.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Calcium channel antagonists block the inward movement of calcium by binding to the L-type “long-acting” voltage-gated calcium channels in the heart, vascular smooth muscle, and pancreas. The non-dihydropyridines have inhibitory effects on the sinoatrial (SA), and atrioventricular (AV) nodes are resulting in a slowing of cardiac conduction and contractility.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: They act by diminishing sodium reabsorption at different sites in the nephron, thereby increasing urinary sodium and water losses. The second class of diuretics, sometimes termed aquaretics, instead inhibit water reabsorption by blocking vasopressin receptors along the connecting tubule and collecting duct.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/2451567937007023951/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-10.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2451567937007023951"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2451567937007023951"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-10.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 10"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-1823626589182551844"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T16:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:29.676+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 11"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eStimulation of the sympathetic nervous system produces which of the following responses?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Bradycardia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Tachycardia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Hypotension\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Decreased myocardial contractility\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: B. Tachycardia\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eStimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes tachycardia and increased contractility. The other symptoms listed are related to the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for slowing the heart rate. Studies have mainly focused on the role of the sympathetic nervous system, specifically evaluating the effect of increased sympathetic activity. It has been well documented that heart rate variability is diminished, and heart rate increases, before ventricular tachycardia in humans, which is likely reflective of increased sympathetic tone.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Via the vagus nerve, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates neurons that release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) at synapses with cardiac muscle cells. Acetylcholine then binds to M2 muscarinic receptors, causing the decrease in heart rate that is referred to as reflex bradycardia.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: A key modulator of blood viscosity is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and water balance. When blood volume is low, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys secrete renin directly into circulation.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: The activation of M2 receptors reduces the contractility of atrial cardiomyocytes, thus reducing, in part, the overall cardiac output of the heart as a result of reduced atrial kick, smaller stroke volume, and slower heart rate. Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and stroke volume (CO \u003d HR x SV).\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/1823626589182551844/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-11.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1823626589182551844"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1823626589182551844"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-11.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 11"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-1475117706447267020"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T15:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:29.926+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 12"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eMedical treatment of coronary artery disease includes which of the following procedures?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Cardiac catheterization\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Coronary artery bypass surgery\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Oral medication therapy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. Oral medication therapy\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOral medication administration is a noninvasive, medical treatment for coronary artery disease. Nitrates should be given for pain relief after making sure there are no contraindications to nitrates like hypotension, RV failure, and consumption of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the past 24-48 hours. High-dose statin therapy and beta-blockers should also be initiated early. P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel) should be started based on the patient profile.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Cardiac catheterization isn’t a treatment, but a diagnostic tool. Cardiac catheterization (cardiac cath or heart cath) is a procedure to examine how well the heart is working. A thin, hollow tube called a catheter is inserted into a large blood vessel that leads to the heart.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Coronary artery bypass surgery is an invasive treatment. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical operation where atheromatous blockages in a patient’s coronary arteries are bypassed with harvested venous or arterial conduits. The bypass restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium which, in turn, restores function, viability, and relieves anginal symptoms.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is an invasive, surgical treatment. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a minimally invasive procedure to open blocked or stenosed coronary arteries allowing unobstructed blood flow to the myocardium. The blockages occur because of lipid-rich plaque within the arteries, diminishing blood flow to the myocardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/1475117706447267020/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-12.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1475117706447267020"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1475117706447267020"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-12.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 12"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-6650033171011444409"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T15:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:30.172+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 13"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following conditions is most closely associated with weight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Angina pectoris\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Cardiomyopathy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Left-sided heart failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Right-sided heart failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Right-sided heart failure\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eWeight gain, nausea, and a decrease in urine output are secondary effects of right-sided heart failure. When the right side loses pumping power, blood backs up in the body’s veins. This usually causes swelling or congestion in the legs, ankles and swelling within the abdomen such as the GI tract and liver (causing ascites).\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Angina pectoris doesn’t cause weight gain, nausea, or a decrease in urine output. Patients with ACS most commonly present with angina, which patients usually describe as pain, pressure, tightness, or heaviness in the chest, with potential radiation to the jaw or left arm. It may be accompanied by shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, or any combination of the above.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Cardiomyopathy is usually identified as a symptom of left-sided heart failure. Other signs and symptoms may include dizziness; light-headedness; fainting during physical activity; arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats); chest pain, especially after physical exertion or heavy meals; and heart murmurs. (Heart murmurs are extra or unusual sounds heard during a heartbeat.)\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Left-sided heart failure causes primarily pulmonary symptoms rather than systemic ones. Patients with left heart failure may present with complaints of shortness of breath (often on exertion, a sensitivity of 89%), orthopnea (specificity of 89%), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and/or symptoms of volume overload (e.g., leg swelling, weight gain, increased abdominal girth, or right upper quadrant pain due to liver congestion). Interestingly, some patients with advanced disease might experience weight loss, referred to as “cardiac cachexia.”\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/6650033171011444409/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-13.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6650033171011444409"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6650033171011444409"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-13.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 13"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-6836789844754829194"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T14:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:30.419+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 14"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following heart muscle diseases is unrelated to other cardiovascular diseases?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Cardiomyopathy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Coronary artery disease\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Myocardial infarction\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Pericardial effusion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Cardiomyopathy\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCardiomyopathy isn’t usually related to an underlying heart disease such as atherosclerosis. The etiology in most cases is unknown. Although most cases are idiopathic, a number of conditions (e.g. coronary artery disease, wet beriberi), infections (e.g., Coxsackie B virus, Chagas disease), and substances (e.g. heavy drinking,c cocaine) have been identified as causes.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: The hallmark of the pathophysiology of CAD is the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque is a build-up of fatty material that narrows the vessel lumen and impedes the blood flow. Growth factors released activate smooth muscles, which also take up oxidized LDL particles and collagen and deposit along with activated macrophages and increase the population of foam cells. This process leads to the formation of subendothelial plaque.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: MI is directly related to atherosclerosis. Smoking and abnormal apolipoprotein ratio showed the strongest association with acute myocardial infarction. The increased risk associated with diabetes and hypertension were found to be higher in women, and the protective effect of exercise and alcohol was also found to be higher in women.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Pericardial effusion is the escape of fluid into the pericardial sac, a condition associated with pericarditis and advanced heart failure. The fluid accumulation increases pressure in the pericardial sac leading to the compression of the heart, especially the right heart due to a thinner wall. Impaired diastolic filling of the right heart causes venous congestion.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/6836789844754829194/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-14.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6836789844754829194"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6836789844754829194"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-14.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 14"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-871930616576910047"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T14:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:30.667+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 15"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following types of cardiomyopathy can be associated with childbirth?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Dilated\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Hypertrophic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Myocarditis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Restrictive\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Dilated\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAlthough the cause isn’t entirely known, cardiac dilation and heart failure may develop during the last month of pregnancy or the first few months after birth. The condition may result from a pre existing cardiomyopathy not apparent prior to pregnancy. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), also known as postpartum cardiomyopathy, is an uncommon form of heart failure that happens during the last month of pregnancy or up to five months after giving birth. Cardiomyopathy literally means heart muscle disease.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an abnormal symmetry of the ventricles that has an unknown etiology but a strong familial tendency. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic (autosomal dominant) heart muscle disease caused by a mutation in sarcomere protein genes which encodes for elements of the contractile machinery of the heart.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Myocarditis isn’t specifically associated with childbirth. It is believed that myocarditis (and its complications) are largely immune-mediated. For example, in infectious etiologies, the microbial agent gains entry through the respiratory or gastroenteric tract and then binds to its specific receptor in the heart. This leads to intracellular replication, resulting in cell damage and lysis.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Restrictive cardiomyopathy indicates constrictive pericarditis; the underlying cause is usually myocardial. There are several causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy, including infiltrative diseases, storage diseases, and a variety of systemic diseases. Infiltrative diseases are pathologies that lead to a build-up of a substance in the myocardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/871930616576910047/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-15.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/871930616576910047"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/871930616576910047"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-15.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 15"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-8503429547915536695"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T13:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:30.919+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 16"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSeptal involvement occurs in which type of cardiomyopathy?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Congestive\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Dilated\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Hypertrophic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Restrictive\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. Hypertrophic\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eIn hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy of the ventricular septum—not the ventricle chambers—is apparent. This abnormality isn’t seen in other types of cardiomyopathy. Ventricular hypertrophy results in a dynamic pressure gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which is associated with further narrowing during systole.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Congestive cardiomyopathy is a clinical state in which an abnormality of ventricular myocardium results in impaired pump function and circulatory congestion. Multiple factors have been incriminated in the etiology and progression of the myocardial damage.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle characterized by enlargement and dilation of one or both of the ventricles along with impaired contractility defined as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. By definition, patients have systolic dysfunction and may or may not have overt symptoms of heart failure.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Restrictive cardiomyopathy indicates constrictive pericarditis; the underlying cause is usually myocardial. There are several causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy, including infiltrative diseases, storage diseases, and a variety of systemic diseases. Infiltrative diseases are pathologies that lead to a build-up of a substance in the myocardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/8503429547915536695/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-16.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8503429547915536695"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8503429547915536695"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-16.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 16"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-8941284406687797377"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T13:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:31.170+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 17"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following recurring conditions most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Heart failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Diabetes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. MI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Pericardial effusion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Heart failure\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eBecause the structure and function of the heart muscle is affected, heart failure most commonly occurs in clients with cardiomyopathy. Heart failure can occur when the heart muscle is weak (systolic failure) or when it is stiff and unable to relax normally (diastolic failure). Cardiomyopathy, which means “disease of the heart muscle,” is one of many causes of heart failure.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: One of the most devastating consequences of DM is its effect on cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Approximately two-thirds of those with DM will die from a myocardial infarction or stroke. In T2DM, fasting glucose of more than 100 mg/dL significantly contributes to the risk of ASCVD, and cardiovascular risk can develop before frank hyperglycemia.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: MI results from prolonged myocardial ischemia due to reduced blood flow through one of the coronary arteries. Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a term that refers to the heart’s decreased ability to pump blood properly, due to myocardial damage brought upon by ischemia.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Pericardial effusion is most predominant in clients with pericarditis. Pericardial effusion is an acute or chronic accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space. Effusion can be transudative, exudative, or sanguineous. The pericardium has limited elasticity, and in acute settings, only 100 ml to 150 mL of fluid is necessary to cause cardiac tamponade.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/8941284406687797377/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-17.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8941284406687797377"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8941284406687797377"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-17.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 17"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-7345177165290025796"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T12:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:31.424+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 18"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDyspnea, cough, expectoration, weakness, and edema are classic signs and symptoms of which of the following conditions?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Pericarditis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Hypertension\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. MI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Heart failure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Heart failure\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThese are the classic signs of failure. Acute and subacute presentations (days to weeks) are characterized by shortness of breath at rest and/or with exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and right upper quadrant discomfort due to acute hepatic congestion (right heart failure). Chronic presentations (months) differ in that fatigue, anorexia, abdominal distension, and peripheral edema may be more pronounced than dyspnea.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Pericarditis is exhibited by a feeling of fullness in the chest and auscultation of a pericardial friction rub. The classic presentation is with chest pain that is central, severe, pleuritic (worsened with deep inspiration) and positional (improved by sitting up and leaning forward). The pain may also be radiating and may involve the ridges of the trapezius muscle if the phrenic nerve is inflamed as it traverses the pericardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Hypertension is usually exhibited by headaches, visual disturbances, and a flushed face. Some cases present directly with symptoms of end-organ damage as stroke-like symptoms or hypertensive encephalopathy, chest pain, shortness of breath, and acute pulmonary edema.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: MI causes heart failure but isn’t related to these symptoms. Myocardial ischemia can present as chest pain, upper extremity pain, mandibular, or epigastric discomfort that occurs during exertion or at rest. Myocardial ischemia can also present as dyspnea or fatigue, which are known to be ischemic equivalents.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/7345177165290025796/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-18.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/7345177165290025796"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/7345177165290025796"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-18.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 18"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-8383053341173016200"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T12:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:31.672+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 19"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIn which of the following types of cardiomyopathy does cardiac output remain normal?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Dilated\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Hypertrophic\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Obliterative\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Restrictive\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: B. Hypertrophic\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCardiac output isn’t affected by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy because the size of the ventricle remains relatively unchanged. All other choices cause decrease cardiac output. During this cardiac cycle, the mitral valve is pulled towards the septum by several proposed mechanisms: contraction of the papillary muscles, abnormal location in the outflow tract, and low pressure that occurs as blood is ejected at high velocity through a narrowed outflow tract (Venturi effect).\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: The progressive dilatation of the ventricles leads to significant tricuspid and mitral valve insufficiency, which further lowers the ejection fraction and increases the ventricular wall stress and end-systolic volumes. Early compensatory mechanisms include an increase in heart rate and tone of the peripheral vascular system.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Irrespective of the etiology, terminology, or nature of the myocardial process, the ventricles are small (generally \u003c110 mL/m2), and stiff, restricting ventricular filling. Despite normal (or near-normal) systolic function at rest, ventricular diastolic, jugular, and pulmonary venous pressures are increased.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Patients with RCM primarily present with advanced disease and obvious signs of cardiopulmonary compromise, but in some circumstances, the diagnosis is incidental. It is important to suspect RCM in any patient with a normal or close to normal systolic function and evidence of diastolic dysfunction with a restrictive filling pattern on echocardiogram.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/8383053341173016200/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-19.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8383053341173016200"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8383053341173016200"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-19.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 19"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-7980195704655351529"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T11:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:32.188+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 20"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following cardiac conditions does a fourth heart sound (S4) indicate?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Dilated aorta.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Normally functioning heart.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Decreased myocardial contractility.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Failure of the ventricle to eject all of the blood during systole.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Failure of the ventricle to eject all of the blood during systole.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAn S4 occurs as a result of increased resistance to ventricular filling after atrial contraction. The increased resistance is related to decreased compliance of the ventricle. Commonly, its presence indicates increased resistance to filling of the left or right ventricle because of a reduction in ventricular wall compliance, and it is accompanied by a disproportionate rise in ventricular end-diastolic pressure.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: A dilated aorta doesn’t cause an extra heart sound, though it does cause a murmur. Aortic regurgitation, also known as aortic insufficiency, is a decrescendo blowing diastolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, heard when blood flows retrograde into the left ventricle. This is most commonly seen in aortic root dilation and as sequelae of aortic stenosis.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: An S4 isn’t heard in a normally functioning heart. Heart sounds are created from blood flowing through the heart chambers as the cardiac valves open and close during the cardiac cycle. Vibrations of these structures from the blood flow create audible sounds — the more turbulent the blood flow, the more vibrations that get created.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Decreased myocardial contractility is heard as a third heart sound. The third heart sound (S3) is a low-frequency, brief vibration occurring in early diastole at the end of the rapid diastolic filling period of the right or left ventricle. Recent studies have shown that the third heart sound is loudest external to the left ventricular cavity, implying that the sound is not radiating from an intracardiac source.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/7980195704655351529/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-20.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/7980195704655351529"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/7980195704655351529"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-20.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 20"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-2337247860676263804"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T11:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:32.440+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 21"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following classes of drugs is most widely used in the treatment of cardiomyopathy?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Antihypertensives\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Beta-adrenergic blockers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Calcium channel blockers\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Nitrates\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: B. Beta-adrenergic blockers\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eBy decreasing the heart rate and contractility, beta-blockers improve myocardial filling and cardiac output, which are primary goals in the treatment of cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart undergo inhibition, and the heart rate slows down as a result. Beta-blockers also decrease blood pressure via several mechanisms, including decreased renin and reduced cardiac output.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Antihypertensives aren’t usually indicated because they would decrease cardiac output in clients who are already hypotensive. Lowering blood pressure does reduce cardiovascular risks, maintaining systolic blood pressure less than 130 mm Hg has shown to prevent complications in patients with heart failure, diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Calcium channel blockers are sometimes used for the same reasons as beta-blockers; however, they aren’t as effective as beta-blockers and cause increased hypotension. Dihydropyridines are more potent as vasodilators and used more for HTN treatment. They have less effect on heart contractility and conduction. For this, they are used more for the management of HTN. Nifedipine and amlodipine are the most used medications in this group.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Nitrates aren’t used because of their dilating effects, which would further compromise the myocardium. The venodilation increases the venous capacitance and lowers the preload; this subsequently lowers the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, resulting in a reduction in myocardium workload, which decreases the oxygen demand of the heart.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/2337247860676263804/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-21.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2337247860676263804"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/2337247860676263804"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-21.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 21"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-6746438957394266475"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T10:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:32.698+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 22"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf medical treatments fail, which of the following invasive procedures is necessary for treating cardiomyopathy?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Cardiac catheterization\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Heart transplantation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. Heart transplantation\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe only definitive treatment for cardiomyopathy that can’t be controlled medically is a heart transplant because the damage to the heart muscle is irreversible. Historically, two types of transplant procedures have been described. ‘orthotopic heart transplant’ involves excision of the recipient’s heart and implantation of a donor’s heart in the chest of the recipient, and ‘heterotopic heart transplant’ in which the recipient’s heart is not excised and the donor heart is implanted into the recipient’s chest.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Although it is used for cardiac hemodynamics and assessment of valvular lesions, its main diagnostic role is the assessment of coronary artery disease. In the contemporary era, left heart catheterization, especially selective coronary angiogram, is considered the gold standard test for coronary artery disease diagnosis.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a major surgical operation where atheromatous blockages in a patient’s coronary arteries are bypassed with harvested venous or arterial conduits. The bypass restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium which, in turn, restores function, viability, and relieves anginal symptoms.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: The IABP assists the heart indirectly by decreasing the afterload and augments diastolic aortic pressure with subsequent enhancement in diastolic blood flow resulting in better perfusion of the peripheral organ as well as a possible improvement in the coronary blood flow.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/6746438957394266475/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-22.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6746438957394266475"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6746438957394266475"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-22.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 22"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-8585224545963573617"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T10:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:33.004+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 23"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following is the most common symptom of myocardial infarction (MI)?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Chest pain\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Dyspnea\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Edema\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Palpitations\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Chest pain\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe most common symptom of an MI is chest pain, resulting from deprivation of oxygen to the heart. Myocardial ischemia can present as chest pain, upper extremity pain, mandibular, or epigastric discomfort that occurs during exertion or at rest. The chest pain is usually retrosternal and is sometimes described as the sensation of pressure or heaviness. The pain often radiates to the left shoulder, neck, or arms with no obvious precipitating factors, and it may be intermittent or persistent. The pain usually lasts for more than 20 minutes. It is usually not affected by positional changes or active movement of the region.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Dyspnea is the second most common symptom, related to an increase in the metabolic needs of the body during an MI. Myocardial ischemia can also present as dyspnea or fatigue, which are known to be ischemic equivalents.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Edema is a later sign of heart failure, often seen after an MI. Myocardial edema is a consequence of ischemia and infarction and has functional importance because edema impairs myocyte contractility. The extent of myocardial edema revealed by T2?weighted cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging correlates with the transmural extent of infarction.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Palpitations may result from reduced cardiac output, producing arrhythmias. The MI can also present atypically with subtle findings such as palpitations, or more dramatic manifestations, such as cardiac arrest. The MI can sometimes present with no symptoms.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/8585224545963573617/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-23.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8585224545963573617"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/8585224545963573617"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-23.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 23"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-1835309292044675233"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T09:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:33.561+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 24"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following conditions is associated with a predictable level of pain that occurs as a result of physical or emotional stress?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Anxiety\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Stable angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Unstable angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Variant angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: B. Stable angina\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe pain of stable angina is predictable in nature, builds gradually, and quickly reaches maximum intensity. Stable angina is characterized by chest discomfort or anginal equivalent that is provoked with exertion and alleviated at rest or with nitroglycerin. This is often one of the first manifestations or warning signs of underlying coronary disease.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Anxiety disorders appear to be caused by an interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Genetic vulnerability interacts with situations that are stressful or traumatic to produce clinically significant syndromes. Anxiety is linked to fear and manifests as a future-oriented mood state that consists of a complex cognitive, affective, physiological, and behavioral response system associated with preparation for the anticipated events or circumstances perceived as threatening.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Unstable angina doesn’t always need a trigger, is more intense, and lasts longer than stable angina. Coronary atherosclerotic disease is the underlying cause of unstable angina in nearly all patients with acute myocardial ischemia. The most common cause of unstable angina is due to coronary artery narrowing due to a thrombus that develops on a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque and is nonocclusive.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Variant angina usually occurs at rest—not as a result of exercise or stress. There is a decrease in blood supply to the myocardium generating symptoms like chest pain. The coronary arteries may develop spasm as a result of exposure to cold weather, exercise, or a substance that promotes vasoconstriction as alpha-agonists (pseudoephedrine and oxymetazoline). Recreational drug use, for example, cocaine use, is associated with the development of vasospastic angina, especially when used concurrently with cigarette smoking.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/1835309292044675233/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-24.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1835309292044675233"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1835309292044675233"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-24.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 24"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-6067518766498113568"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T09:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:33.808+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 25"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following types of angina is most closely related with an impending MI?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Angina decubitus\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Chronic stable angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Nocturnal angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Unstable angina\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Unstable angina\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eUnstable angina progressively increases in frequency, intensity, and duration and is related to an increased risk of MI within 3 to 18 months. Evidence shows that patients with new-onset ST-segment elevation (more than 1 mm) have a 12-month rate of an MI or death of about 11%, compared to only 7% for patients who only have isolated inversion of the T wave. Unstable angina results when the blood flow is impeded to the myocardium. Most commonly, this block can be from intraluminal plaque formation, intraluminal thrombosis, vasospasm, and elevated blood pressure.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Angina decubitus is a variant of angina pectoris that occurs at night while the patient is recumbent. Some have suggested that it is induced by an increase in myocardial oxygen demand caused by expansion of the blood volume with increased venous return during recumbency.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: The most important complication of stable angina is the possibility of progression to acute coronary syndrome. Risk factor modification and medical optimization should be utilized to decrease risk. These individuals require routine monitoring and attentive primary care providers.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Several authors have noted increases and irregularity of heart rate, respiration, and arterial pressure occurring in nearly all instances of D-sleep (sleep associated with dreaming). Shifts in the blood pressure might be dangerous to a cardiac patient, and as early as 1921, it had been suggested that sudden death during sleep of patients with heart disease was probably caused by blood pressure changes associated with dreaming.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/6067518766498113568/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-25.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6067518766498113568"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/6067518766498113568"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-25.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 25"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-3865310596785093556"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T08:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:34.060+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 26"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following conditions is the predominant cause of angina?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Increased preload\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Decreased afterload\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Coronary artery spasm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. Inadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eInadequate oxygen supply to the myocardium is responsible for the pain accompanying angina. The heart is dependent on adequate oxygen supply for energy production to support contractility. At the cellular level, ischemia causes an increase in anaerobic glycolysis. This increases the levels of hydrogen, potassium, and lactate in the venous return of the ischemic or affected area of the myocardium.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Increased preload would be responsible for right-sided heart failure. Increases in preload, as demonstrated through an elevated PCW, are seen in several conditions such as heart failure, mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation. At higher preloads, the heart also has an increased oxygen demand, further debilitating the already diseased heart. In cases of heart failure, eventually, the heart cannot keep up with the increased load, and deleterious ventricular remodeling and loss of function ensue.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Decreased afterload causes increased cardiac output. Afterload is the force against which the ventricles must act in order to eject blood, and is largely dependent on the arterial blood pressure and vascular tone. Similarly, reducing afterload can increase cardiac output, especially in conditions where contractility is impaired.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Coronary artery spasm is responsible for variant angina. Coronary artery vasospasm (CAVS) is a constriction of the coronary arteries that can cause complete or near-complete occlusion of the vessel. In 1959, Dr. Myron Prinzmetal described a different entity of angina than the classic Heberden’s angina which was originally described in 1772. This vasospastic disease can cause acute ischemia and present anywhere along the spectrum of angina from stable angina to acute coronary syndrome.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/3865310596785093556/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-26.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/3865310596785093556"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/3865310596785093556"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-26.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 26"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-1947856565484916051"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T08:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:34.311+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 27"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following tests is used most often to diagnose angina?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Chest x-ray\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Echocardiogram\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Cardiac catheterization\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: D. 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe 12-lead ECG will indicate ischemia, showing T-wave inversion. In addition, with variant angina, the ECG shows ST-segment elevation. ECG may not show any abnormalities in the cases of stable angina, unstable angina, or NSTEMI. ECG findings of myocardial ischemia include T-wave flattening or inversions, or ST-segment depressions. ECG changes will appear in STEMIs and prompt immediate need for coronary revascularization.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: A chest x-ray will show heart enlargement or signs of heart failure, but isn’t used to diagnose angina. Chest x-ray characteristic findings are cardiac-to-thoracic width ratio above 50%, cephalization of the pulmonary vessels, Kerley B-lines, and pleural effusions.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Echocardiography is one of the most commonly used, non-invasive methods for looking at cardiac anatomy. Echocardiography is used to provide thin cross-sections of cardiac structures, this includes; left and right atrium, left and right ventricles, valves, and associated valvular structures.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Further testing may include exercise or pharmacologic stress testing with or without nuclear perfusion imaging, and diagnostic heart catheterization. In patients presenting with angina, the value of cardiac testing is determined by the patient’s pretest, probably of ACS. Pretest probably is evaluated by considering the patient’s presentation, along with their cardiac risk factors.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/1947856565484916051/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-27.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1947856565484916051"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/1947856565484916051"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-27.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 27"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-670068083794392101"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T07:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:34.564+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 28"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following results is the primary treatment goal for angina?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Reversal of ischemia.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Reversal of infarction.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Reduction of stress and anxiety.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Reduction of associated risk factors.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Reversal of ischemia.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eReversal of the ischemia is the primary goal, achieved by reducing oxygen consumption and increasing oxygen supply. As heart rate is the main influencer of oxygen consumption, most anginal events are initiated by an increase in heart rate. Three classes of drugs used for angina reduce symptoms by way of heart rate reduction— beta-blockers, ivabradine, and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: An infarction is permanent and can’t be reversed. Another mechanism by which anginal symptoms can be treated is with vascular smooth muscle relaxation. This leads to coronary artery dilatation, thereby increasing perfusion ability. The drugs that work on this mechanism are dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and nicorandil.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: Lifestyle modifications include regular exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation and should be encouraged. Risk factor modification includes controlling blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Medications for risk factor modification and to prevent disease progression include aspirin, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Prognosis of chronic stable angina progression to cardiac events varies among patients. Factors affecting prognosis include cardiovascular comorbidities as well as compliance with lifestyle modifications and medical treatment plans. Long-term prognosis is also affected by left ventricular systolic function, the degree of exercise the patient can tolerate, and the extent of CAD present.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/670068083794392101/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-28.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/670068083794392101"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/670068083794392101"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-28.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 28"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-3143366691811414918"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T07:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:34.808+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 29"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following interventions should be the first priority when treating a client experiencing chest pain while walking?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Sit the client down.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Get the client back to bed.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Obtain an ECG.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: A. Sit the client down.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe initial priority is to decrease the oxygen consumption; this would be achieved by sitting the client down. Place the patient at complete rest during anginal episodes. Reduces myocardial oxygen demand to minimize the risk of tissue injury. Monitor vital signs every 5 min during the initial anginal attack. Blood pressure may initially rise because of sympathetic stimulation, then fall if cardiac output is compromised.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Stay with a patient who is experiencing pain or appears anxious. Anxiety releases catecholamines, which increase myocardial workload and can escalate and/or prolong ischemic pain. The presence of a nurse can reduce feelings of fear and helplessness.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption C: An ECG can be obtained after the client is sitting down. Monitor heart rate and rhythm. Patients with unstable angina have an increased risk of acute life-threatening dysrhythmias, which occur in response to ischemic changes and/or stress.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: After the ECG, sublingual nitro would be administered. When the client’s condition is stabilized, he can be returned to bed. Nitroglycerin has been the standard for treating and preventing anginal pain for more than 100 yr. Today it is available in many forms and is still the cornerstone of antianginal therapy.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/3143366691811414918/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-29.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/3143366691811414918"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/3143366691811414918"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-29.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 29"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-4293812427996105492"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T06:45:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:35.052+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 30"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eMyocardial oxygen consumption increases as which of the following parameters increase?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Preload, afterload, and cerebral blood flow.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Preload, afterload, and renal blood flow.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. Preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. Preload, afterload, cerebral blood flow, and heart rate.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. Preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eMyocardial oxygen consumption increases as preload, afterload, renal contractility, and heart rate increase. Cerebral blood flow doesn’t directly affect myocardial oxygen consumption. Myocardial oxygen consumption is equal to coronary blood flow multiplied by the arterial-venous oxygen difference. During diastole, the ventricles are receiving blood before systolic contraction. This filling phase of the cardiac cycle allows the coronary arteries to provide maximum blood flow to the heart.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Since the heart operates solely under aerobic metabolism, myocardial mitochondria must maintain an abundance of oxygen to continue oxidative phosphorylation. Heart rate, contractility, and ventricular-wall tension are the three factors that determine myocardial oxygen demand. An increase in any of these variables requires the body to adapt to sustain adequate oxygen supply to the heart.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Heart rate is thought to be the most important factor affecting myocardial oxygen demand. With an increased heart rate, the myocardium must work harder to complete the cardiac cycle more efficiently. With a shortened cardiac cycle, the time spent in diastole decreases.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Contractility or inotropism is the rate of increase in the intraventricular pressure during contraction at a given muscle fiber length. Interestingly, myocytes have the innate ability to exert a contraction at any muscle length. This force is measured after the closure of the mitral valve and before the opening of the aortic valve during which time the intraventricular volume remains constant.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/4293812427996105492/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-30.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/4293812427996105492"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/4293812427996105492"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-30.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 30"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1727678123223412584.post-5861511365511173835"},"published":{"$t":"2022-04-28T06:15:00.000+05:30"},"updated":{"$t":"2022-07-04T21:56:35.298+05:30"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"502"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Heart Failure amp; Valvular Diseases NCLEX Practice"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Medical-Surgical Nursing Test Bank"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Nursing NCLEX Exam MCQ"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 31"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: red; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhich of the following positions would best aid breathing for a client with acute pulmonary edema?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e A. Lying flat in bed.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e B. Left side-lying.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e C. In high Fowler’s position.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e D. In semi-Fowler’s position.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"color: #351c75; font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"separator\" style\u003d\"clear: both; text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style\u003d\"font-family: Mukta; font-size: large;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cinput class\u003d\"spoilerbutton\" onclick\u003d\"this.value\u003dthis.value\u003d\u003d'Show Answer'?'Hide Answer':'Show Answer';\" type\u003d\"button\" value\u003d\"Show Answer\" /\u003e\u003cdiv class\u003d\"spoiler\"\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCorrect Answer: C. In high Fowler’s position\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eA high Fowler’s position promotes ventilation and facilitates breathing by reducing venous return. Gravity improves lung expansion by lowering diaphragm and shifting fluid to the lower abdominal cavity. Turn or reposition, and provide skin care at regular intervals. Decreases pressure and friction on edematous tissue, which is more prone to breakdown than normal tissue.\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption A: Lying flat on bed may worsen the patient’s breathing. Edema can be either a cause or a result of various pathological conditions reflecting four competing forces: blood hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and interstitial fluid hydrostatic and osmotic pressures. The dynamic interaction of these four forces allows fluid to shift from one body compartment to another. Edema may be generalized or localized in dependent areas. Elderly clients may develop dependent edema with relatively little excess fluid.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption B: Left side-lying position worsens the breathing and increases the workload of the heart. Encourage adequate bed rest. Limited cardiac reserves result in fatigue and activity intolerance. Rest, particularly lying down, favors diuresis and reduction of edema.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eOption D: Semi-Fowler’s position won’t reduce the workload of the heart as well as Fowler’s position will. Note the presence of neck and peripheral vein distention, along with pitting edema, and dyspnea. Signs of cardiac decompensation and heart failure. Auscultate lung and heart sounds. Adventitious sounds (crackles) and extra heart sounds (S3) are indicative of fluid excess, possibly returning in the rapid development of pulmonary edema.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003chr /\u003e"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/feeds/5861511365511173835/comments/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-31.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/5861511365511173835"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"https://www.blogger.com/feeds/1727678123223412584/posts/default/5861511365511173835"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"https://www.gyandarpan.in/2022/04/heart-failure-valvular-diseases-q-31.html","title":"Heart Failure \u0026amp; Valvular Diseases Q 31"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Surendra Tetarwal"},"uri":{"$t":"https://www.blogger.com/profile/01894964866486205977"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"35","height":"35","src":"//www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}}]}});