Post a Comment On: cbloom rants

The problem : Find a DPCM pixel prediction filter which uses only N,W,NW and does not range-expand (eg. ubytes stay in ubytes). (eg. like PNG). We certainly could use a larger neighborhood, we could use adaptive predictors that evaluate the neighborhood for edges/etc., we would wind up with GAP from CALIC or something newer. We want to keep it simple so we can have a very fast decoder. These filters : case 0: // 0 predictor is the same as NONE return 0; case 1: // N return N; case 2: // W return W; case 3: // gradient // this tends to win on synthetic images { int pred = N + W - NW; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 4: // average return (N+W)>>1; case 5: // grad skewed towards average // this tends to win on natural images - before type 12 took over anyway { int pred = ( 3*N + 3*W - 2*NW + 1) >>2; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 6: // grad skewed even more toward average { int pred = ( 5*N + 5*W - 2*NW + 3) >>3; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 7: // grad skewed N { int pred = (2*N + W - NW + 1)>>1; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 8: // grad skewed W { int pred = (2*W + N - NW + 1)>>1; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 9: // new { int pred = (3*N + 2*W - NW + 1)>>2; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 10: // new { int pred = (2*N + 3*W - NW + 1)>>2; pred = RR_CLAMP_255(pred); return pred; } case 11: // new return (N+W + 2*NW + 1)>>2; case 12: // ClampedGradPredictor { int grad = N + W - NW; int lo = RR_MIN3(N,W,NW); int hi = RR_MAX3(N,W,NW); return rr::clamp(grad,lo,hi); } case 13: // median return Median3(N,W,NW); case 14: { // semi-Paeth // but only pick N or W int grad = N + W - NW; // pick closer of N or W to grad if ( RR_ABS(grad - N) RR_ABS(grad - W) ) return N; else return W; } perform like this : name 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ryg_t.train.03.bmp 56347 76447 70047 80619 76187 79811 77519 79771 76979 77399 76279 80383 75739 75875 74635 ryg_t.sewers.01.bmp 604843 475991 496067 468727 466363 455359 458111 458727 469203 456399 462727 496691 452663 495931 464915 ryg_t.font.01.bmp 42195 54171 53599 56135 73355 66955 70163 60199 63815 69499 70099 79983 59931 61219 56735 ryg_t.envi.colored03.bmp 316007 147315 136255 158063 139231 154551 148419 155379 149667 148683 143415 145871 148099 144851 153311 ryg_t.envi.colored02.bmp 111763 98835 87711 111367 93123 108867 100003 106275 95927 96391 97383 96907 99275 94371 100707 ryg_t.concrete.cracked.01.bmp 493143 416307 449899 426755 403779 402635 400923 408019 420291 398215 408299 437371 409055 440371 424087 ryg_t.bricks.05.bmp 568755 534267 524243 514563 509375 493923 497639 505267 499007 501079 497419 551687 499855 547935 511595 ryg_t.bricks.02.bmp 684515 590955 577207 557155 560391 537987 545019 551251 544555 549543 544635 602115 545919 600139 557659 ryg_t.aircondition.01.bmp 41595 33215 34279 33535 33199 32695 32683 32619 33207 32503 32987 35795 31507 35171 32243 ryg_t.2d.pn02.bmp 25419 27815 28827 29499 32203 32319 32443 29679 32531 32315 32575 34183 28307 31247 27919 ryg_gemein.bmp 797 801 173 153 565 585 553 521 205 633 529 813 153 825 141 kodak_24.bmp 843281 735561 760793 756509 744021 736037 735797 735989 753709 733105 741801 785077 719185 777905 727221 kodak_23.bmp 865985 593977 616885 617105 591501 592561 588837 595949 609437 586121 595793 620657 585453 617825 601713 kodak_22.bmp 919613 732613 756249 741441 719973 712757 711245 721365 732337 709621 719157 760065 706517 763481 724053 kodak_21.bmp 797741 753057 691653 746033 713469 716065 710321 737017 713845 720525 704129 744785 701733 744633 709445 kodak_20.bmp 624901 563261 538069 571633 540981 548329 541773 559437 548549 546565 540337 559545 539289 557105 545901 kodak_19.bmp 847781 724541 728337 732717 718309 712989 712217 716593 729505 712893 715053 752173 689953 756849 698881 kodak_18.bmp 958657 808577 820253 820429 783373 783089 777377 794965 799449 779117 782541 821717 783005 821025 802569 kodak_17.bmp 782061 664829 655845 685273 651025 657225 650477 666625 666645 653117 652293 680813 644849 675045 656597 kodak_16.bmp 664401 696493 595101 673961 646981 647441 643353 675157 640833 658721 631509 684517 628837 682217 629293 kodak_15.bmp 779289 639009 660137 677649 643985 651729 644809 650525 666229 641669 650377 673545 635441 662389 645817 kodak_14.bmp 912149 800681 742901 787273 754233 754325 749641 778777 758045 760761 744001 795029 743909 791341 755425 kodak_13.bmp 1015697 932969 898929 941109 890989 900533 890221 918073 905705 897865 888113 925757 894461 922701 907029 kodak_12.bmp 690537 641517 583717 641973 613461 617881 612461 635253 617913 620833 607177 644837 598393 638889 602213 kodak_11.bmp 773937 725081 674657 714169 697533 691425 690389 708197 695109 698369 685965 738609 671365 739385 676597 kodak_10.bmp 766701 650637 648349 665309 648997 641961 641481 651741 651785 643369 642133 685733 623437 684949 629193 kodak_09.bmp 703689 640025 628161 659637 635201 637657 633881 644193 647817 636281 634105 662125 615393 662801 621873 kodak_08.bmp 1026037 862013 888589 835329 884329 841405 859717 839193 861917 856097 865405 942073 792833 950005 792201 kodak_07.bmp 725525 654925 605753 629757 633945 622693 627053 643069 621433 634965 620645 673361 597821 666629 604337 kodak_06.bmp 796077 786789 680841 750253 731117 723657 722981 753989 714849 739405 709825 772685 703417 773613 705529 kodak_05.bmp 981245 850313 836165 845001 815801 814429 810709 832337 825073 815897 811729 852385 808993 853785 828145 kodak_04.bmp 845721 672369 679245 692469 659981 663625 657621 670629 678165 658845 661957 691945 653629 688253 670325 kodak_03.bmp 656841 605525 559081 619713 581713 596313 587633 607841 600725 592761 584449 601901 579221 592745 587409 kodak_02.bmp 761633 666601 663837 677385 648117 649785 644985 661253 662077 647553 647545 682089 640501 687305 654309 kodak_01.bmp 896361 850353 811873 828397 822169 807197 810217 827621 815245 818249 807665 869829 781173 875265 788725 bragzone_TULIPS.bmp 1052229 729141 757129 688121 703317 671417 683069 683653 696193 682109 691257 756241 675637 761477 704293 bragzone_SERRANO.bmp 150898 172286 160718 193602 255462 274994 278094 212478 254902 274478 277418 285990 171918 213214 167058 bragzone_SAIL.bmp 1004581 865725 826729 834385 811121 798037 798301 819669 807221 805785 796761 862209 795581 868857 813521 bragzone_PEPPERS.bmp 712087 469243 456511 438211 442695 428627 433227 437215 436595 436059 434359 471587 426191 474595 439575 bragzone_MONARCH.bmp 907737 670825 671745 644513 638201 623613 627513 640213 640485 630941 630941 676401 624925 679553 652849 bragzone_LENA.bmp 745299 484027 513747 506631 478875 481911 477131 481819 494431 474343 483007 498519 478559 498799 489203 bragzone_FRYMIRE.bmp 342567 432867 399963 481259 608567 664895 670755 544963 612075 666279 668187 693467 433755 456899 421263 bragzone_clegg.bmp 806117 691593 511625 518489 1208409 1105433 1167561 733217 951773 1158429 1165953 1289969 502845 1286365 505093 commentary : The big surprise is that ClampedGradPredictor (#12) is the fucking bomb. In fact it's so good that it hides the behavior of other predictors. For example plain old Grad is never picked. Also predictor #5 (grad skewed towards average) was actually by far the best until #12 came along. The other minor surprise is that W is actually best sometimes, and N is never best, and generally N is much worse than W. Now, it is no surprise that W is better than N - it is a well known fact that typical images have much stronger horizontal correlation than vertical, but I am surprised just how *big* the difference is. More in the next post.