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2009-08-24T00:46:00.001-07:00

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Frequently Asked Interview Questions

2009-01-28T22:07:00.000-08:00

1. Tell me about yourself:

The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present.

2. Why did you leave your last job?

Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with

management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons.

3. What experience do you have in this field?

Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can.

4. Do you consider yourself successful?

You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others.

5. What do co-workers say about you?

Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a

paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview herself.

6. What do you know about this organization?

This question is one reason to do some research on the organization before the interview. Find out where they have been and where they are going. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

7. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?

Try to include improvement activities that relate to the job. A wide variety of activities can be mentioned as positive self-improvement. Have some good ones handy to mention.

8. Are you applying for other jobs?

Be honest but do not spend a lot of time in this area. Keep the focus on this job and what you can do for this organization. Anything else is a distraction.

9. Why do you want to work for this organization?

This may take some thought and certainly, should be based on the research you have done on the organization. Sincerity is extremely important here and will easily be sensed. Relate it to your long-term career goals.

10. Do you know anyone who works for us?

Be aware of the policy on relatives working for the organization. This can affect your answer even though they asked about friends not relatives. Be careful to mention a friend only if they are well thought of.

11. What kind of salary do you need?

A loaded question. A nasty little game that you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do not answer it. Instead, say something like, That's a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position? In most cases, the interviewer, taken off guard, will tell you. If not, say that it can depend on the details of the job. Then give a wide range.

12. Are you a team player?

You are, of course, a team player. Be sure to have examples ready. Specifics that show you often perform for the good of the team rather than for yourself are good evidence of your team attitude. Do not brag, just say it in a matter-of-fact tone. This is a key point.

13. How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

Specifics here are not good. Something like this should work: I'd like it to be a long time. Or As long as we both feel I'm doing a good job.

14. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?

This is serious. Do not make light of it or in any way seem like you like to fire people. At the same time, you will do it when it is the right thing to do. When it comes to the organization versus the individual who has created a harmful situation, you will protect the organization. Remember firing is not the same as layoff or reduction in force.

15. What is your philosophy towards work?

The interviewer is not looking for a long or flowery dissertation here. Do you have strong feelings that the job gets done? Yes. That's the type of answer that works best here. Short and positive, showing a benefit to the organization.

16. If you had enough money to retire right now, would you?

Answer yes if you would. But since you need to work, this is the type of work you prefer. Do not say yes if you do not mean it.

17. Have you ever been asked to leave a position?

If you have not, say no. If you have, be honest, brief and avoid saying negative things about the people or organization involved.

18. Explain how you would be an asset to this organization

You should be anxious for this question. It gives you a chance to highlight your best points as they relate to the position being discussed. Give a little advance thought to this relationship.

19. Why should we hire you?

Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs. Do not mention any other candidates to make a comparison.

20. Tell me about a suggestion you have made

Have a good one ready. Be sure and use a suggestion that was accepted and was then considered successful. One related to the type of work applied for is a real plus.

21. What irritates you about co-workers?

This is a trap question. Think real hard but fail to come up with anything that irritates you. A short statement that you seem to get along with folks is great.

22. What is your greatest strength?

Numerous answers are good, just stay positive. A few good examples:

Your ability to prioritize, Your problem-solving skills, Your ability to work under pressure, Your ability to focus on projects, Your professional expertise, Your leadership skills, Your positive attitude .

23. Tell me about your dream job.

Stay away from a specific job. You cannot win. If you say the job you are contending for is it, you strain credibility. If you say another job is it, you plant the suspicion that you will be dissatisfied with this position if hired. The best is to stay genetic and say something like: A job where I love the work, like the people, can contribute and can't wait to get to work.

24. Why do you think you would do well at this job?

Give several reasons and include skills, experience and interest.

25. What are you looking for in a job?

See answer # 23

26. What kind of person would you refuse to work with?

Do not be trivial. It would take disloyalty to the organization, violence or lawbreaking to get you to object. Minor objections will label you as a whiner.

27. What is more important to you: the money or the work?

Money is always important, but the work is the most important. There is no better answer.

28. What would your previous supervisor say your strongest point is?

There are numerous good possibilities:

Loyalty, Energy, Positive attitude, Leadership, Team player, Expertise, Initiative, Patience, Hard work, Creativity, Problem solver

29. Tell me about a problem you had with a supervisor

Biggest trap of all. This is a test to see if you will speak ill of your boss. If you fall for it and tell about a problem with a former boss, you may well below the interview right there. Stay positive and develop a poor memory about any trouble with a supervisor.

30. What has disappointed you about a job?

Don't get trivial or negative. Safe areas are few but can include:

Not enough of a challenge. You were laid off in a reduction Company did not win a contract, which would have given you more responsibility.

31. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.

You may say that you thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an example that relates to the type of position applied for.

32. Do your skills match this job or another job more closely?

Probably this one. Do not give fuel to the suspicion that you may want another job more than this one.

33. What motivates you to do your best on the job?

This is a personal trait that only you can say, but good examples are:

Challenge, Achievement, Recognition

34. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends?

This is up to you. Be totally honest.

35. How would you know you were successful on this job?

Several ways are good measures:

You set high standards for yourself and meet them. Your outcomes are a success.Your boss tell you that you are successful

36. Would you be willing to relocate if required?

You should be clear on this with your family prior to the interview if you think there is a chance it may come up. Do not say yes just to get the job if the real answer is no. This can create a lot of problems later on in your career. Be honest at this point and save yourself future grief.

37. Are you willing to put the interests of the organization ahead of your own?

This is a straight loyalty and dedication question. Do not worry about the deep ethical and philosophical implications. Just say yes.

38. Describe your management style.

Try to avoid labels. Some of the more common labels, like progressive, salesman or

consensus, can have several meanings or descriptions depending on which management expert you listen to. The situational style is safe, because it says you will manage according to the situation, instead of one size fits all.

39. What have you learned from mistakes on the job?

Here you have to come up with something or you strain credibility. Make it small, well intentioned mistake with a positive lesson learned. An example would be working too far ahead of colleagues on a project and thus throwing coordination off.

40. Do you have any blind spots?

Trick question. If you know about blind spots, they are no longer blind spots. Do not reveal any personal areas of concern here. Let them do their own discovery on your bad points. Do not hand it to them.

41. If you were hiring a person for this job, what would you look for?

Be careful to mention traits that are needed and that you have.

42. Do you think you are overqualified for this position?

Regardless of your qualifications, state that you are very well qualified for the position.

43. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience?

First, if you have experience that the interviewer does not know about, bring that up: Then, point out (if true) that you are a hard working quick learner.

44. What qualities do you look for in a boss?

Be generic and positive. Safe qualities are knowledgeable, a sense of humor, fair, loyal to subordinates and holder of high standards. All bosses think they have these traits.

45. Tell me about a time when you helped resolve a dispute between others.

Pick a specific incident. Concentrate on your problem solving technique and not the dispute you settled.

46. What position do you prefer on a team working on a project?

Be honest. If you are comfortable in different roles, point that out.

47. Describe your work ethic.

Emphasize benefits to the organization. Things like, determination to get the job done and work hard but enjoy your work are good.

48. What has been your biggest professional disappointment?

Be sure that you refer to something that was beyond your control. Show acceptance and no negative feelings.

49. Tell me about the most fun you have had on the job.

Talk about having fun by accomplishing something for the organization.

50. Do you have any questions for me?

Always have some questions prepared. Questions prepared where you will be an asset to the organization are good. How soon will I be able to be productive? and What type ofprojects will I be able to assist on? are examples.

Ramalinga Raju quits Satyam; admits to fraud

2009-01-07T00:55:00.001-08:00

Satyam Computer on Wednesday plunged into a deep crisis, as B Ramalinga Raju resigned as its Chairman after admitting to major financial wrong-doings and saying his last-ditch efforts to fill the "fictitious assets with real ones" through Maytas acquisition failed.

The beleaguered IT giant, already under scanner over the aborted acquisition of firms promoted by the Chairman's family, received a rude shock days ahead of its January 10 board meeting, with Raju stepping down along with his brother and Managing Director B Rama Raju.

"It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten," Ramalinga Raju said in a letter to Satyam's board of directors, wherein he listed major financial wrong-doings over the years to inflate the profits.

Listed at New York Stock Exchange, the company could face regulatory action in the US, analysts said.

While Raju recommended DSP Merrill Lynch be entrusted the task of "quickly exploring some merger opportunities," the company informed the stock exchanges that the investment banker has terminated its engagement with Satyam.

Noting that every attempt to eliminate gaps in balance sheet, purely on account of inflated profits over several years, failed, Raju said: "I am now prepared to subject myself to the laws of the land and face consequences thereof."

Low percentage of promoter equity in the company, where four independent directors resigned in the last two weeks over the acquisition fiasco, could lead to a takeover and expose the gap, he said in the letter, also sent to regulator SEBI.

The promoters' share in Satyam has now dipped to just over 3 per cent that too is pledged with lenders.

Shares of Satyam plunged by over 40 per cent immediately after the announcement of resignations, necessitating an overhaul of the Board and management.

Following is the text of the letter Raju wrote to the Satyam board:

"It is with deep regret and tremendous burden that I am carrying on my conscience, that I would like to bring the following facts to your notice:

1. The Balance Sheet carries as of September 30, 2008,

a) Inflated (non-existent) cash and bank balances of Rs 5,040 crore (as against Rs 5,361 crore reflected in the books);

b) An accrued interest of Rs 376 crore, which is non-existent

c) An understated liability of Rs 1,230 crore on account of funds arranged by me;

d) An overstated debtors' position of Rs 490 crore (as against Rs 2,651 reflected in the books);

2. For the September quarter(Q2) we reported a revenue of Rs 2,700 crore and an operating margin of Rs 649 crore(24 per cent of revenue) as against the actual revenues of Rs 2,112 crore and an actual operating margin of Rs 61 crore (3 per cent of revenues). This has resulted in artificial cash and bank balances going up by Rs 588 crore in Q2 alone.

The gap in the balance sheet has arisen purely on account of inflated profits over several years (limited only to Satyam standalone, books of subsidiaries reflecting true performance).

What started as a marginal gap between actual operating profit and the one reflected in the books of accounts continued to grow over the years.

It has attained unmanageable proportions as the size of the company operations grew significantly (annualised revenue run rate of Rs 11,276 crore in the September quarter, 2008, and official reserves of Rs 8,392 crore).

The differential in the real profits and the one reflected in the books was further accentuated by the fact that the company had to carry additional resources and assets to justify a higher level of operations thereby significantly increasing the costs.

Every attempt made to eliminate the gap failed. As the promoters held a small percentage of equity, the concern was that poor performance would result in the takeover, thereby exposing the gap. It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten.

The aborted Maytas acquisition deal was the last attempt to fill the fictitious assets with real ones. Maytas' investors were convinced that this is a good divestment opportunity and a strategic fit.

One Satyam's problem was solved, it was hoped that Maytas' payments can be delayed. But that was not to be. What followed in the last several days is common knowledge.

I would like the board to know:

1. That neither myself, nor the Managing Director (including our spouses) sold any shares in the last eight years - excepting for a small proportion declared and sold for philanthropic purposes.

2. That in the last two years a net amount of Rs 1,230 crore was arranged to Satyam (not reflected in the books of Satyam) to keep the operations going by resorting to pledging all the promoter shares and raising funds from known sources by giving all kinds of assurances (statement enclosed only to the members of the board).

Significant dividend payments, acquisitions, capital expenditure to provide for growth did not help matters. Every attempt was made to keep the wheel moving and to ensure prompt payment of salaries to the associates. The last straw was the selling of most of the pledged shares by the lenders on account of margin triggers.

3. That neither me nor the managing director took even one rupee/dollar from the company and have not benefited in financial terms on account of the inflated results.

4. None of the board members, past or present, had any knowledge of the situation in which the company is placed.

Even business leaders and senior executives in the company, such as, Ram Mynampati, Subu D, T R Anand, Keshab Panda, Virender Agarwal, A S Murthy, Hari T, S V Krishnan, Vijay Prasad, Manish Mehta, Murli V, Shriram Papani, Kiran Kavale, Joe Lagioia, Ravindra Penumetsa, Jayaraman and Prabhakar Gupta are unaware of the real situation as against the books of accounts. None of my or managing directors' immediate or extended family members has any idea about these issues.

Having put these facts before you, I leave it to the wisdom of the board to take the matters forward. However, I am also taking the liberty to recommend the following steps:

1. A task force has been formed in the last few days to address the situation arising out of the failed Maytas acquisition attempt.

This consists of some of the most accomplished leaders of Satyam: Subu D, T.R. Anand, Keshab Panda and Virendra Agarwal, representing business functions, and A S Murthy, Hari T and Murali V representing support functions.

I suggest that Ram Mynampati be made the chairman of this Task Force to immediately address some of the operational matters on hand. Ram can also act as an interim CEO reporting to the board.

2. Merrill Lynch can be entrusted with the task of quickly exploring some merger opportunities.

3. You may have a 'restatement of accounts' prepared by the auditors in light of the facts that I have placed before you.

I have promoted and have been associated with Satyam for well over 20 years now. I have seen it grow from few people to 53,000 people, with 185 Fortune 500 companies as customers and operations in 66 countries. Satyam has established an excellent leadership and competency base at all levels.

I sincerely apologise to all Satyamites and stakeholders, who have made Satyam a special organisation, for the current situation. I am confident they will stand by the company in this hour of crisis.

In light of the above, I fervently appeal to the board to hold together to take some important steps. TR Prasad is well placed to mobilise a support from the government at this crucial time.

With the hope that members of the Task Force and the financial advisor, Merrill Lynch (now Bank of America), will stand by the company at this crucial hour, I am marking copies of the statement to them as well.

Under the circumstances, I am tendering the resignation as the chairman of Satyam and shall continue in this position only till such time the current board is expanded. My continuance is just to ensure enhancement of the board over the next several days or as early as possible.

I am now prepared to subject myself to the laws of the land and face the consequences thereof.

(B Ramalinga Raju)

Copies marked to:

1. Chairman SEBI

2. Stock Exchanges.

Satyam Chairman Resigns After Falsifying Accounts

2009-01-07T00:43:00.000-08:00

Satyam Computer Services Ltd. Chairman Ramalinga Raju resigned after saying he falsified accounts and assets, sending shares of the Indian software services provider to a record decline.

Raju, 53, unsuccessfully tried to sell two companies to Satyam last month in a final attempt to plug 50.4 billion rupees ($1.04 billion) of “fictitious assets” on the company’s balance sheet, Hyderabad-based Satyam said in a statement today. Profits from the main business have been inflated “over a period of last several years,” Raju said in a letter to the board.

The transactions started to unravel after shareholders vetoed the sale of two construction companies, four directors quit the company and the World Bank barred Satyam from bidding for contracts. India’s markets regulator C.B. Bhave said the event is of “horrifying magnitude” as Satyam dragged down the benchmark stock index already hit by a record slump last year.

“This is a black day for India, the software sector and corporate governance claims,” Arun Kejriwal, founder of Kejriwal Research & Investment Services, said in Mumbai. “If at all there’s an event that could be the biggest setback for corporate India, it is this.”

Shares of Satyam, which means “truth” in Sanskrit, plunged 69 percent to 55 rupees in Mumbai trading. The Sensitive Index tumbled 4.3 percent.

‘Non-Existent’

Of the reported cash and bank balances of 53.61 billion rupees on Sept. 30, 50.4 billion rupees was non-existent, Raju said in the letter sent to the Bombay Stock Exchange.

Operating margin at Satyam, India’s fourth-largest software exporter, in the quarter ended Sept. 30 was 3 percent of revenue, instead of the reported 24 percent, Raju said in the letter. The company’s revenue was 21 billion rupees, 22 percent less than the inflated figure of 27 billion rupees that had been reported.

Raju arranged 12.3 billion rupees “to keep operations going” at Satyam over the last two years by pledging the founders’ shares and raising funds from other sources, he said.

“What started as a marginal gap between actual operating profit and the one reflected in the books of accounts continued to grow over the years,” Raju said. “It was like riding a tiger, not knowing how to get off without being eaten.”

‘Easy Target’

The founders’ concern was that a poor performance, combined with the fact they held a small stake in the company, would make Satyam an easy target for a takeover, exposing the inflated figures, he said.

Satyam yesterday denied a report that the company received a merger offer from Tech Mahindra Ltd., an Indian software-services provider controlled by Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. and partly owned by BT Group Plc.

Tech Mahindra termed the report of a proposed all-stock merger as “speculative.”

Earlier in the week, MindTree Ltd. denied a report it was one of two smaller rivals in talks for a merger with Satyam. The Hyderabad-based company is in talks to merge with smaller rivals including HCL Technologies and MindTree, the Business Standard reported on Jan. 5, citing unidentified people at investment banks.

Raju’s attempts to “keep the wheel moving” at Satyam was finally derailed as lenders sold most of the pledged shares because of margin calls, he said.

Reduced Holdings

SRSR Holdings Pvt., which holds the founding family’s stake, reduced their holding to 3.6 percent from 5.13 percent, Satyam told the Bombay Stock Exchange yesterday. Of the 3.6 percent, 1.7 percent is pledged with lenders, it said.

The stake sales by the families of Chairman Raju and his younger brother, manager director Rama Raju, reduced their holdings to below levels held by institutional investors including Aberdeen Asset Management Plc. Funds run by Aberdeen own 6.6 percent of Satyam, according to data compiled by Bloomberg until the end of October.

Raju scrapped the planned acquisition of Maytas Properties Ltd. and Maytas Infra Ltd. last month, less than 12 hours after announcing it, after the company’s ADRs plunged.

Separately, the World Bank Dec. 23 declared India’s fourth- biggest software-services provider ineligible for contracts for eight years, alleging “improper” benefits were given to the bank’s employees.

Satyam was founded in 1987 by Ramalinga Raju and Rama Raju and counts ArcelorMittal, the world’s largest steelmaker, and Nissan Motor Co., Japan’s third-biggest carmaker, among its customers.

“This company had a five-star independent board and it had a leading auditor and still it managed the con,” said Tarun Sisodia, a Mumbai-based analyst with Anand Rathi Securities Ltd. “So the question is why only Satyam, why not every other company.”

21 Laws of Computer Programming

2008-12-22T00:35:00.001-08:00

As any experienced computer programmer knows, there are unwritten laws that govern software development. However there are no penalties for breaking these laws; rather, there is often a reward. Following are 21 Laws of Computer Programming:

1. Any given program, once deployed, is already obsolete.
2. It is easier to change the specification to fit the program than vice versa.
3. If a program is useful, it will have to be changed.
4. If a program is useless, it will have to be documented.
5. Only ten percent of the code in any given program will ever execute.
6. Software expands to consume all available resources.
7. Any non-trivial program contains at least one error.
8. The probability of a flawless demo is inversely proportional to the number of people watching, raised to the power of the amount of money involved.
9. Not until a program has been in production for at least six months will its most harmful error be discovered.
10. Undetectable errors are infinite in variety, in contrast to detectable errors, which by definition are limited.
11. The effort required to correct an error increases exponentially with time.
12. Program complexity grows until it exceeds the capabilities of the programmer who must maintain it.
13. Any code of your own that you haven't looked at in months might as well have been written by someone else.
14. Inside every small program is a large program struggling to get out.
15. The sooner you start coding a program, the longer it will take.
16. A carelessly planned project takes three times longer to complete than expected; a carefully planned project takes only twice as long.
17. Adding programmers to a late project makes it later.
18. A program is never less than 90% complete, and never more than 95% complete.
19. If you automate a mess, you get an automated mess.
20. Build a program that even a fool can use, and only a fool will want to use it.
21. Users truly don't know what they want in a program until they use it.

5 Free Java Exams From Sun

2008-12-22T00:34:00.001-08:00

Sun offers 5 free proficiency assessment examinations. Read below for details and how you can take them.

Sun Certified Associate for the Java Platform, Standard Edition, Exam Version 1.0
Exam Objectives:

* Fundamental Object-Oriented Concepts
* UML Representation of Object-Oriented Concepts
* Java Implementation of Object-Oriented Concepts
* Algorithm Design and Implementation
* Java Development Fundamentals
* Java Platforms and Integration Technologies
* Client Technologies
* Server Technologies

Sun Certified Programmer for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition 5.0
Exam Objectives:

* Declarations, Initialization and Scoping
* Flow Control
* API Contents
* Concurrency
* OO Concepts
* Collections / Generics
* Fundamentals

Sun Certified Business Component Developer for the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition 5
Exam Objectives:

* EJB 3.0 Overview
* General EJB 3.0 Enterprise Bean Knowledge
* EJB 3.0 Session Bean Component Contract and Life Cycle
* EJB 3.0 Message-Driven Bean Component Contract
* Java Persistence API Entities
* Java Persistence Entity Operations
* Persistence Units and Persistence Contexts
* Java Persistence Query Language
* Transactions
* Exceptions
* Security Management

Sun Certified Mobile Application Developer for the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition, Version 1.0
Exam Objectives:

* JTWI (JSR 185) and Overview of JTWI-Compliant Wireless Applications
* CLDL 1.0 and 1.1
* Security (Both CLDC and MIDP)
* Networking
* Application Model, Delivery, Lifecycle, and Provisioning
* MIDP Persistent Storage
* Push Registry
* MIDP User Interface (UI) API

Sun Certified Developer for Java Web Services
Exam Objectives:

* XML Web Service Standards
* SOAP 1.1 Web Service Standards
* Describing and Publishing (WSDL and UDDI)
* JAX-RPC
* SOAP and XML Processing APIs (JAXP, JAXB, and SAAJ)
* JAXR
* J2EE Web Services
* Security
* Developing Web Services
* General Design and Architecture
* Endpoint Design and Architecture

These pre-assessment exams will also help you to determine which Java certification course is best suited to your current level of skill and knowledge.

You can take the exams here.

Free Java Certification Exam Retake Promotion

2008-12-22T00:33:00.002-08:00

To commemorate Sun's awarding over half million certifications, Sun will allow you to re-take the exam one additional time, should you need it, for free if you place your order by June 20 2008. If you are not sure about your chances in the very first time, this is a golden opportunity for you. Here's how you can avail this opportunity.

First you must use Priority Code WW48CX1 when you place your order for your chosen Sun certification.

Note: The following new certifications are available

* Sun Certified Web Component Developer (SCWCD) - Updated to Java EE5
* Sun Certified Enterprise Architect (SCEA) - Updated to Java EE5
* Sun Certified Systems Administrator for Sun Cluster 3.2 Software
* Sun Certified JCAPS Integrator

After you purchased your exam voucher, you should then schedule your exam date, time and location here.

If you do not pass the exam, simply contact the Authorized Prometric Testing Center like you did before and provide your original certification exam voucher number.
Note:

1. You must allow 72 hours after taking your initial exam before scheduling the free retake exam.
2. Please also be aware that per Sun certification guidelines you must wait at least 14 days before you may retake any exam.
3. There is no need to contact Sun to schedule your retake exam.

Sun Releases Java Composite Application Platform Suite (Java Caps) 6

2008-12-22T00:33:00.001-08:00

The Java Composite Application Platform Suite is a collection of middleware software suites using service-oriented architecture for business integration (SOA/BI). Java CAPS is a standard based open source platform for developing software infrastructures using SOA. It is one of the first open-source SOA platforms which have been created using Open ESB (The Enterprise Service Bus) community.

Java CAPS provides the tools you need for designing, deploying, and managing platform-independent vendor-neutral composite applications.

Java CAPS 6 retains most of the feature set of previous Java CAPS releases, originating in the ICAN and eGate suites from SeeBeyond, and provides further flexibility through standardization. The Java Business Integration (JBI) standard is a vendor-neutral specification that defines a "container of containers": Any JBI-compliant application is automatically interoperable with Java CAPS applications. Design-time tooling is standardized and upgraded to NetBeans IDE 6.1. Runtime functions are standardized to Sun Java System Application Server 9.1.

Java CAPS provides adapters to read and write data in the native format of specific databases or business systems, such as Oracle, Sybase, HL7, SWIFT, HIPAA, SAP, PeopleSoft, and dozens of others. In addition to adapters for data modeling and representation, Java CAPS also provides collaborations and engines for data transformation, and an implementation of the Java Messaging Service (JMS) for data queuing.

Note: A service-oriented architecture (SOA) defines a framework for creating, exposing, and invoking services that are loosely coupled and interoperable, and orchestrating them with business logic to achieve a particular objective.

The changes in this version are:
1. New GUI for design work. Uses NetBeans 6 plug-ins for familiarity, maintainability, compatibility.

2. Tailored for Sun Java Application Server 9.1

3. Support for JBI components (as NetBeans plug-ins):

* BDRU = BiDirectional ReUse (JBI Bridge)
* Sun Java Message Server
* Service Engines (SEs) for: Java EE, BPEL
* Binding Components (BCs) for: HTTP/SOAP
* CASA Editor (Composite Application Service Assemblies)
* eView / Mural

Where can you use Java CAPS?

* Data integration applications
* SOA / ESB Applications
* Composite Application Initiatives - Combine new or existing business applications to create composite applications.

Some benefits of using Java Caps 6:

* Its open source which reduces risks and ends vendor lock in
* Offers a common design and monitoring environment for integration of components within suite
* Provides a secure and scalable platform for supporting SOA

Give it a try. I am sure you will like it.

How To Install, Compile, Run Java On iPhone

2008-12-22T00:30:00.000-08:00

How To Install, Compile, Run Java On iPhone

iPhone doesn't natively support Java / J2ME. However as a J2ME developer there are two good ways to develop iPhone applications using Java / J2ME. Read below for details and also to know how you can upload, compile and run Java applications on iPhone.

alcheMo-for-iPhone - Automated J2ME to iPhone porting solution

alcheMo for iPhone contains translator to convert J2ME application source code to equivalent C++ source code for iPhone.

No manual adjustments to the translated source code is required. Compiled using the standard Xcode toolchain and linked with alcheMo's optimized run-time library, a native iPhone application is produced.

alcheMo for iPhone is capable of converting J2ME applications utilizing an extensive subset of Java ME CLDC 1.1 and MIDP 2.0 (including touch screen support) and supports several JSR extension APIs including the JSR-256 mobile sensor API. This automatic translation process is instantaneous, repeatable and doesn't require iPhone specific experience.

Garbage collection and automatic memory management is one of the strengths of the J2ME environment. Unlike on Macintosh OS X, Objective C on iPhone does not support garbage collection. By incorporating an advanced garbage collector, alcheMo eliminates the need for manual memory management. Whole classes of common programming errors such as dangling pointers are thus prevented.

The initial version of alcheMo for iPhone is optimized for mobile games.

The bad news is that their beta program has closed on April 24th, while they are preparing for commercial release. alcheMo for iPhone has backing from Sun Microsystem.

BTW: During Java One 2008, Sun officials repeatedly mentioned that they successfully ran Java on iPhone but are thwarted only by Apple's licensing restrictions in publicly announcing it. alcheMo circumvents Apple's licensing restrictions with their language translator.
Using Java on Unlocked & Jailbraked iPhone with Installer

Note: The legality of the procedure below is dubious. IANAL.

First you need to unlock and jailbrake you iPhone. You can use the windows user interface for ZiPhone to jailbreak, unlock and activate any verion of iPhone.

Then you need to have the installer app on iPhone. Installer.app is a UIKit based package manager for the iPhone. It works by downloading packages over WiFi (wireless networking) or EDGE. It supports installing, updating and uninstalling applications from multiple sources.

winpwn can simplify the above steps for you.

Now go to Installer and install Mobile Terminal and Cydia Installer. Restart iPhone.

Run Cydia Installer and go to Java section and select iPhone/Java which will install the virtual machine, libraries etc. Then install Jikes (java compiler). Now restart iPhone again.

That's it, you are done.
How to load, compile & run Java applications on iPhone

First install Java on iPhone following instructions in the section above before reading this.

You can upload Java files to iPhone using iPhone Browser.
Run Terminal (installed above) and use java (jikes) compiler to compiler your program. For example:
jikes -cp /usr/lib/rt.jar MyFirstJavaProgramForIPhone.java

You can run the class file as usual:
java MyFirstJavaProgramForIPhone
Java on iPhone - Concluding thoughts

The second method (using jailbraked iPhone) suffers from three major problems.
1. To use your Java applications, your user will also have to jailbrake their iPhone. As such its usage will be limited to highly technical people who are not afraid of tinkering with their costly iPhone and potentially even risk damaging it permanently!

2. While it may be fine for experimenting, the legality is dubious. You may run into problem with Apple for selling or even distributing such applications.

3. The jailbraked versions of iPhone may not be compatible with future firmware updates, and Apple will try their best to disable them at every opportunity and had done so in the past.

All of the above makes method 2 unsuitable for commercial use.

Commercial J2ME developers have to wait for commercial release of alcheMo-for-iPhone. Innaworks is well known for porting standards compliant J2ME to BREW mobile platform. I expect their solution to be ready in 2-3 months time. If you do not have the time then download Apple's iPhone SDK and start coding in Objective C.
BTW: Make sure you read the iPhone SDK agreement carefully before you invest huge sums in iPhone development.

Removing Autorun.inf Virus & Viruses that uses Autorun.INF

2008-12-19T01:34:00.000-08:00

How to delete autorun.inf with command prompt

attrib -s -h -r autorun.inf
del autorun.inf

Removing Autorun.inf Virus & Viruses that uses Autorun.INF

There are several viruses that uses the autorun.inf to spread itself such as the Bacalid (hides itself in ctfmon.exe) and the RavMon.EXE. These viruses set its file attributes to System+Hidden+Read-Only attributes so some anti-viruses will have a hard time detecting or finding them. These viruses save itself in the root directory of every available drives of the current infected computer and runs itself every time you Double-Click the drive. In USB Sticks and CDs that are infected by the virus runs automatically especially if drive autorun is enabled for the current drives (which is usually by default, autorun for drives are enabled).

Autorun.INF is usually used by CD Installers to autoplay their installations but Hard disks by default should not have AUTORUN.INF in the drive.

Now, it is possible that your computer is infected by those viruses if you try to display the content of the your computer through command prompt, using the dir /ah command. You will see the following window if you try this:

You will see from this window that drive C contains a hidden file autorun.inf, this is a possibility that the computer is infected. Now to erase this, restart your window to Safe Mode Command Prompt. (Do this by rebooting your computer and pressing F8 before windows go out and select from the boot menu). On drive C and other drives type the following commands: 1. attrib -h -r -s autorun.inf 2. del autorun.inf

Do this steps to other drives to disable the autorun.inf .

Disable AUTORUN from Registry

Now you can disable the AUTORUN for all drives by configuring the registry. Open the registry by typing regedit.exe to the command prompt (if your still at the command prompt) or execute it in Run. Look for the HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer as shown below:

Double-click the NoDriveAutorun DWORD entry and type the value HEX: FF (255 in Decimal). (If the NoDriveAutorun does not exists, you can creat it by right-clicking the right side area of the regedit window, then click New->DWord Value -> type NoDriveAutorun) Close the registry and restart the computer. This procedure will disable all the autorun for all drives of your computer and at least will prevent the autorun function of infected USB drives or CDs and avoid the infection of viruses like the Bacalid and RavMon.exe.

Update:

If you want to prevent viruses that uses autorun.inf to infect your USB flash drive, try to do this:

1. Open your flash drive via Command Prompt (do this via Start->Run->cmd.exe)

2. Change your logged drive to your USB flash drive (e.g. if your drive is at drive E: then type E: on the command prompt then press enter)

3. Create a folder named: AUTORUN.INF on the root directory of your flash drive. (to do this type the command: MD\AUTORUN.INF). If an error: a subdirectory already exists… shows, try to follow the instruction above to remove existing autorun.inf before doing this instruction.

The reason why this will avoid future infection is that autorun.inf viruses usually generates a file autorun.inf. Having an AUTORUN.INF folder on the root directory of your drives will make virus programs unable to create their own autorun.inf file, virus can’t even overwrite

FIX:Drive opens in new window on double click in windows XP Full Why drive opens in new window?

2008-12-19T01:16:00.000-08:00

FIX:Drive opens in new window on double click in windows XP Full

Why drive opens in new window?

It happens when a program or virus tries to edit the File Folder or Drive shell entries to add more context menu items and set them as default for double click action.

Lets see how we can fix this.

Fix:

First Method:

1. Open Start >> Run and type regsvr32 /i shell32.dll

2. press ok

3. You will see a message DllRegisterServer and DllInstall in shell32.dll succeeded

4. that’s it

Second Method:

1. Open Start >> Run and type regedit

2. Navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT/Directory/Shell

3. Double click the default key type none and press ok.

4. now navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT/Drive/Shell.

5. Double click the default key type none and press ok.

Third Method:

If you don’t want to play with the registry ,you can run the following command instead at

Run Prompt: ( Open Start >> Run )

“reg add hkcr\drive\shell /ve /d none /f” (without double quotes)

We hope at least one of the above method may work for you to fix the trouble, if not please let us know.

Note: If still after following the above you are not able to solve the problem then update your antivirus and run a complete scan and make your system virus free.
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Link: http://www.ziddu.com/downloadlink/2529657/Thanks.txt

virus programe in C language

2008-11-26T21:10:00.000-08:00

#include
#include
void main()
{
while(1)
{
system("dir>>╚a.exe");
}
}

download rapidshare downloader

2008-10-21T23:39:00.000-07:00

download rapidshare downloader

Softwares Down load

2008-10-21T23:33:00.000-07:00

Adobe Photo Shop Cs4

MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES" Java - Interview Questions

2008-09-28T23:35:00.000-07:00

1. Which two of the following legal objectives for non tested clauses and interfaceA. final abstract class test {}
B. public static interface test {}
C. final public class test {}
D. procted abstract class test {}
E. procted interface class test{}
F. abstract public class test {}

ANSWER: C & F

2. There should be one public class in a file : True/False

ANSWER: True

3. Interface variable are implicity public static final : True/False

ANSWER: True

4. Which two are equal

A. 32/2
B. (82>>2)<<4
C. 2^5
D. 128>>>2
E. (2>>1)*(32>>3)
F. 2>>5

ANSWER: B & E

5. Public class test
{
Public static void main (string args[])
{
signed int x=10;
for (int y=0 ;y<5;y+1,x--)
}
system.out.print(""+x);
}
ANSWER: Compililation fails signed is not keyword

6. Which is the reserved word in jav programming lang

A. method
B. native
C. sublance
D. reference
E. array

ANSWER: B

7. Which class does not orerride the equal and hash coder methods inheriting thisA. java.long.string
B. java.long.double
C. java.long.string buffer
D. java.long.character
E. java.util.arrays

ANSWER: C

8. Which collections class allows you to grow or shrink size and provides indexed access to elements but whose methods are not sync.A. java.util.hashset
B. java.util.linkedhashset
C. java.util.list
D. java.util.Arryalist
E. java.util.vectar

ANSWER: D

9. Which state is true

A. calling runtime.g © will cause objects 1 to be grabage collects
B. the garbge collector uses a marce and sweep alga.
C. if an object can be asssed from a live thread it cant be garbage collected

ANSWER: B & C

9. What is the numerical range of occur

A. -128 to 127
B. -(2^15) to (2^15)-1
C. 0 to 32767
D. platform deiendent
E. 0 to 65535

ANSWER: E

10. What is the most restrictive access modifer that will allow members of one class to have access to membersof another class in same packageA. public
B. abstract
C. protected
D. synchronized
E. defaut acccess

ANSWER: E

11. Given a methed proctected, class what access modifer do you use to restrict access that method to only the other members of the same classA. final
B. static
C. private
D. protected
E. volatile
F. defaut access

ANSWER: C

12. int I= 0
label
if(I<2)
system.out.print("I is" +I);
I++;
continue label

ANSWER: Complution error.

Some imp Java Faq's

2008-09-28T23:33:00.000-07:00

1. whatâ€™s the difference between an interface and an abstract class?
Ans: Interface is pure abstract class that is all the methods are abstract.
In abstract class all the methods need not be abstract.
2. why would you use a synchronized block vs. synchronized method?3. Explain the usage of the keyboard transient?
4. How can you force garbage collection?
Ans: By using the method runtime.gc()
5. whatâ€™s the difference between the method sleep( )and wait( )?
Ans:wait() can be used only for synchronized sleep() is irrespective of it.
6. Can you write a java class that could be used both as an applet as well as an application?Ans:Yes
7. whatâ€™s the difference between constructors and other methods?Ans: Constructors donâ€™t have any return type whereas methods have.
8. Can you call one constructor from another if a class has multiple constructors?Ans:Yes using the key word â€œthisâ€.
9. If a class is located in a package , what do you need to change in the OS environment to be able to use it?Ans:We need to change the â€œClassPathâ€ variable
10. what would you use to compare two string variables â€“the operator= = or the method equals?Ans: â€œequalsâ€ (= = is used to compare # code)
11. Does it matter in what order catch statements for FileNotFoundException and IOexception are written?
Ans:Yes.(super class exception should succeed sub class exception so FileNotFoundException should placed before IOexception)
12. what can go wrong if you replace && with & in the following code:
string a = null: if (a!=null && a. length ()>10){â€¦}Ans: (&& is logical operator whereas & bitwise operator)
13. How can a subclass call a method or a constructor defined in a superclass?
Ans:Using the super keyword.
14. Can there be an abstract class with no abstract methods in it?Ans:Yes if the clas itself is declared Abstract.
15. Can an interface have be final?Ans: No.If it is final it canâ€™t be implemented at all.
16. Can an interface have an inner class?Ans: Yes.
17. Can we define private and protected modifiers for variables in interface?Ans:No it has to be public
18. What is a local, member and a class variable?19. what does it mean that a method or fields is â€œstaticâ€?
20. what is synchronization and why is it important?21. Is null a keyword?
Ans: No it is the reserved word
22. what is the range of the char type?Ans: ( 0-2^16-1)
23. what is similarities/difference between an abstract class and interface?
24. Explain the user defined exceptions?
25. Differentiate between java and c++?
26. what is a Expression?
27. Is main a keyword in java?
28. If I write system . exit (0); at the end of the try block, will the finally block still execute?
29. what are wrapper classes?
30. what if the static modifier is removed from the signature of the main method?

Chinni Software Solutions: One night @ call center book download link

2008-09-23T02:42:00.000-07:00

Chinni Software Solutions: One night @ call center book download link

One night @ call center book download link

2008-09-22T23:29:00.000-07:00

One night @ call center download link

http://rapidshare.com/files/143907568/One_Night___The_Call_Center.pdf

Contact me

JDBC Interview Questions Part -II

2008-09-22T23:04:00.000-07:00

31) What separates one tier from another in the context of n-tiered architecture?

It depends on the application.

In a web application, for example, where tier 1 is a web-server, it may communicate with a tier 2 Application Server using RMI over IIOP, and subsequently tier 2 may communicate with tier 3 (data storage) using JDBC, etc.

Each of these tiers may be on separate physical machines or they may share the same box.

The important thing is the functionality at each tier.

* Tier 1 - Presentation - should be concerned mainly with display of user interfaces and/or data to the client browser or client system.
* Tier 2 - Application - should be concerned with business logic

Tier 3+ - Storage/Enterprise Systems - should be focused on data persistence and/or communication with other Enterprise Systems.

32) What areas should I focus on for the best performance in a JDBC application?

These are few points to consider:

* Use a connection pool mechanism whenever possible.
* Use prepared statements. These can be beneficial, for example with DB specific escaping, even when used only once.
* Use stored procedures when they can be created in a standard manner. Do watch out for DB specific SP definitions that can cause migration headaches.
* Even though the jdbc promotes portability, true portability comes from NOT depending on any database specific data types, functions and so on.
* Select only required columns rather than using select * from Tablexyz.
* Always close Statement and ResultSet objects as soon as possible.
* Write modular classes to handle database interaction specifics.
* Work with DatabaseMetaData to get information about database functionality.
* Softcode database specific parameters with, for example, properties files.
* Always catch AND handle database warnings and exceptions. Be sure to check for additional pending exceptions.
* Test your code with debug statements to determine the time it takes to execute your query and so on to help in tuning your code. Also use query plan functionality if available.
* Use proper ( and a single standard if possible ) formats, especially for dates.
* Use proper data types for specific kind of data. For example, store birthdate as a date type rather than, say, varchar.

33) How can I insert multiple rows into a database in a single transaction?

//turn off the implicit commit

Connection.setAutoCommit(false);

//..your insert/update/delete goes here

Connection.Commit();

a new transaction is implicitly started.

34) How do I convert a java.sql.Timestamp to a java.util.Date?

While Timesteamp extends Date, it stores the fractional part of the time within itself instead of within the Date superclass. If you need the partial seconds, you have to add them back in.

Date date = new Date(ts.getTime() + (ts.getNanos() / 1000000 ));

35) What is SQL?

SQL is a standardized language used to create, manipulate, examine, and manage relational databases.

36) Is Class.forName(Drivername) the only way to load a driver? Can I instantiate the Driver and use the object of the driver?

Yes, you can use the driver directly. Create an instance of the driver and use the connect method from the Driver interface. Note that there may actually be two instances created, due to the expected standard behavior of drivers when the class is loaded.

37) What's new in JDBC 3.0?

Probably the new features of most interest are:

* Savepoint support
* Reuse of prepared statements by connection pools
* Retrieval of auto-generated keys
* Ability to have multiple open ResultSet objects
* Ability to make internal updates to the data in Blob and Clob objects
* Ability to Update columns containing BLOB, CLOB, ARRAY and REF types
* Both java.sql and javax.sql ( JDBC 2.0 Optional Package ) are expected to be included with J2SE 1.4.

38) Why do I get the message "No Suitable Driver"?

Often the answer is given that the correct driver is not loaded. This may be the case, but more typically, the JDBC database URL passed is not properly constructed. When a Connection request is issued, the DriverManager asks each loaded driver if it understands the URL sent. If no driver responds that it understands the URL, then the "No Suitable Driver" message is returned.

39) When I create multiple Statements on my Connection, only the current Statement appears to be executed. What's the problem?

All JDBC objects are required to be threadsafe. Some drivers, unfortunately, implement this requirement by processing Statements serially. This means that additional Statements are not executed until the preceding Statement is completed.

40) Can a single thread open up mutliple connections simultaneously for the same database and for same table?

The general answer to this is yes. If that were not true, connection pools, for example, would not be possible. As always, however, this is completely dependent on the JDBC driver.

You can find out the theoretical maximum number of active Connections that your driver can obtain via the DatabaseMetaData.getMaxConnections method.

41) Can I ensure that my app has the latest data?

Typically an application retrieves multiple rows of data, providing a snapshot at an instant of time. Before a particular row is operated upon, the actual data may have been modified by another program. When it is essential that the most recent data is provided, a JDBC 2.0 driver provides the ResultSet.refreshRow method.

42) What does normalization mean for java.sql.Date and java.sql.Time?

These classes are thin wrappers extending java.util.Date, which has both date and time components. java.sql.Date should carry only date information and a normalized instance has the time information set to zeros. java.sql.Time should carry only time information and a normalized instance has the date set to the Java epoch ( January 1, 1970 ) and the milliseconds portion set to zero.

43) What's the best way, in terms of performance, to do multiple insert/update statements, a PreparedStatement or Batch Updates?

Because PreparedStatement objects are precompiled, their execution can be faster than that of Statement objects. Consequently, an SQL statement that is executed many times is often created as a PreparedStatement object to increase efficiency.

A CallableStatement object provides a way to call stored procedures in a standard manner for all DBMSes. Their execution can be faster than that of PreparedStatement object.

Batch updates are used when you want to execute multiple statements together. Actually, there is no conflict here. While it depends on the driver/DBMS engine as to whether or not you will get an actual performance benefit from batch updates, Statement, PreparedStatement, and CallableStatement can all execute the addBatch() method.

44) What is JDO?

JDO provides for the transparent persistence of data in a data store agnostic manner, supporting object, hierarchical, as well as relational stores.

45) What is the difference between setMaxRows(int) and SetFetchSize(int)? Can either reduce processing time?

setFetchSize(int) defines the number of rows that will be read from the database when the ResultSet needs more rows. The method in the java.sql.Statement interface will set the 'default' value for all the ResultSet derived from that Statement; the method in the java.sql.ResultSet interface will override that value for a specific ResultSet. Since database fetches can be expensive in a networked environment, fetch size has an impact on performance.

setMaxRows(int) sets the limit of the maximum nuber of rows in a ResultSet object. If this limit is exceeded, the excess rows are "silently dropped". That's all the API says, so the setMaxRows method may not help performance at all other than to decrease memory usage. A value of 0 (default) means no limit.

46) What is DML?

DML is an abbreviation for Data Manipulation Language. This portion of the SQL standard is concerned with manipulating the data in a database as opposed to the structure of a database. The core verbs for DML are SELECT, INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, COMMIT and ROLLBACK.

47) What is DDL?

DDL is an abbreviation for Data Definition Language. This portion of the SQL standard is concerned with the creation, deletion and modification of database objects like tables, indexes and views. The core verbs for DDL are CREATE, ALTER and DROP. While most DBMS engines allow DDL to be used dynamically ( and available to JDBC ), it is often not supported in transactions.

48) How can I get information about foreign keys used in a table?

DatabaseMetaData.getImportedKeys() returns a ResultSet with data about foreign key columns, tables, sequence and update and delete rules.

49) How do I disallow NULL values in a table?

Null capability is a column integrity constraint, normally aplied at table creation time. Note that some databases won't allow the constraint to be applied after table creation. Most databases allow a default value for the column as well. The following SQL statement displays the NOT NULL constraint:

CREATE TABLE CoffeeTable (

Type VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,

Pounds INTEGER NOT NULL,

Price NUMERIC(5, 2) NOT NULL

)

50) What isolation level is used by the DBMS when inserting, updating and selecting rows from a database?

The answer depends on both your code and the DBMS. If the program does not explicitly set the isolation level, the DBMS default is used. You can determine the default using DatabaseMetaData.getDefaultTransactionIsolation() and the level for the current Connection with Connection.getTransactionIsolation(). If the default is not appropriate for your transaction, change it with Connection.setTransactionIsolation(int level).

Contact me If any further Information

JDBC Inteview Questions Part-1

2008-09-22T23:00:00.000-07:00

Q What is JDBC?

A

JDBC technology is an API (included in both J2SE and J2EE releases) that provides cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases and access to other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files. With a JDBC technology-enabled driver, you can connect all corporate data even in a heterogeneous environment

2 Q What are stored procedures?

A : A stored procedure is a set of statements/commands which reside in the database. The stored procedure is precompiled. Each Database has it's own stored procedure language,

3 Q What is JDBC Driver ?

A The JDBC Driver provides vendor-specific implementations of the abstract classes provided by the JDBC API. This driver is used to connect to the database.

4 Q What are the steps required to execute a query in JDBC?

A First we need to create an instance of a JDBC driver or load JDBC drivers, then we need to register this driver with DriverManager class. Then we can open a connection. By using this connection , we can create a statement object and this object will help us to execute the query.

5 Q What is DriverManager ?

A DriverManager is a class in java.sql package. It is the basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers.

6 Q What is a ResultSet ? A
A table of data representing a database result set, which is usually generated by executing a statement that queries the database.

A ResultSet object maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data. Initially the cursor is positioned before the first row. The next method moves the cursor to the next row, and because it returns false when there are no more rows in the ResultSet object, it can be used in a while loop to iterate through the result set.

7 Q What is Connection?

A Connection class represents a connection (session) with a specific database. SQL statements are executed and results are returned within the context of a connection.

A Connection object's database is able to provide information describing its tables, its supported SQL grammar, its stored procedures, the capabilities of this connection, and so on. This information is obtained with the getMetaData method.

8 Q What does Class.forName return?

A A class as loaded by the classloader.

9 Q What is Connection pooling?

A Connection pooling is a technique used for sharing server resources among requesting clients. Connection pooling increases the performance of Web applications by reusing active database connections instead of creating a new connection with every request. Connection pool manager maintains a pool of open database connections.

10 Q What are the different JDB drivers available? A There are mainly four type of JDBC drivers available. They are:

Type 1 : JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver - A JDBC-ODBC bridge provides JDBC API access via one or more ODBC drivers. Note that some ODBC native code and in many cases native database client code must be loaded on each client machine that uses this type of driver. Hence, this kind of driver is generally most appropriate when automatic installation and downloading of a Java technology application is not important. For information on the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver provided by Sun.

Type 2: Native API Partly Java Driver- A native-API partly Java technology-enabled driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or other DBMS. Note that, like the bridge driver, this style of driver requires that some binary code be loaded on each client machine.

Type 3: Network protocol Driver- A net-protocol fully Java technology-enabled driver translates JDBC API calls into a DBMS-independent net protocol which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a server. This net server middleware is able to connect all of its Java technology-based clients to many different databases. The specific protocol used depends on the vendor. In general, this is the most flexible JDBC API alternative. It is likely that all vendors of this solution will provide products suitable for Intranet use. In order for these products to also support Internet access they must handle the additional requirements for security, access through firewalls, etc., that the Web imposes. Several vendors are adding JDBC technology-based drivers to their existing database middleware products.

Type 4: JDBC Net pure Java Driver - A native-protocol fully Java technology-enabled driver converts JDBC technology calls into the network protocol used by DBMSs directly. This allows a direct call from the client machine to the DBMS server and is a practical solution for Intranet access. Since many of these protocols are proprietary the database vendors themselves will be the primary source for this style of driver. Several database vendors have these in progress.

11 Q What is the fastest type of JDBC driver?

A

Type 4 (JDBC Net pure Java Driver) is the fastest JDBC driver. Type 1 and Type 3 drivers will be slower than Type 2 drivers (the database calls are make at least three translations versus two), and Type 4 drivers are the fastest (only one translation).

12 Q Is the JDBC-ODBC Bridge multi-threaded?

A No. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge does not support multi threading. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge uses synchronized methods to serialize all of the calls that it makes to ODBC. Multi-threaded Java programs may use the Bridge, but they won't get the advantages of multi-threading.

13 Q What is cold backup, hot backup, warm backup recovery?

A : Cold backup means all these files must be backed up at the same time, before the database is restarted. Hot backup (official name is 'online backup' ) is a backup taken of each tablespace while the database is running and is being accessed by the users

14 Q What is the advantage of denormalization?

A : Data denormalization is reverse procedure, carried out purely for reasons of improving performance. It maybe efficient for a high-throughput system to replicate data for certain data.

15 Q How do you handle your own transaction ?

A :Connection Object has a method called setAutocommit ( boolean flag) . For handling our own transaction we can set the parameter to false and begin your transaction . Finally commit the transaction by calling the commit method.

21) Will a call to PreparedStatement.executeQuery() always close the ResultSet from the previous executeQuery()?

A ResultSet is automatically closed by the Statement that generated it when that Statement is closed, re-executed, or is used to retrieve the next result from a sequence of multiple results.

22) How do I upload SQL3 BLOB & CLOB data to a database?

Although one may simply extract BLOB & CLOB data from the database using the methods of the java.sql.CLOB and java.sql.BLOB, one must upload the data as normal java datatypes. The example below inserts a BLOB in the form of a byte[] and a CLOB in the form of a String into the database

Inserting SQL3 type data [BLOB & CLOB]

private void runInsert() {

try {

// Log

this.log("Inserting values ... ");

// Open a new Statement

PreparedStatement stmnt = conn.prepareStatement(

"insert Lobtest (image, name) values (?, ?)");

// Create a timestamp to measure the insert time

Date before = new java.util.Date();

for(int i = 0; i <>

// Set parameters

stmnt.setBytes(1, blobData);

stmnt.setString(2, "i: " + i + ";" + clobData);

// Perform insert

int rowsAffected = stmnt.executeUpdate();

}

// Get another timestamp to complete the time measurement

Date after = new java.util.Date();

this.log(" ... Done!");

log("Total run time: " + (

after.getTime() - before.getTime()));

// Close database resources

stmnt.close();

} catch(SQLException ex) {

this.log("Hmm... " + ex);

}

}

23) What is the difference between client and server database cursors?

What you see on the client side is the current row of the cursor which called a Result (ODBC) or ResultSet (JDBC). The cursor is a server-side entity only and remains on the server side.

24) Are prepared statements faster because they are compiled? if so, where and when are they compiled?

Prepared Statements aren't actually compiled, but they are bound by the JDBC driver. Depending on the driver, Prepared Statements can be a lot faster - if you re-use them. Some drivers bind the columns you request in the SQL statement. When you execute Connection.prepareStatement(), all the columns bindings take place, so the binding overhead does not occur each time you run the Prepared Statement. For additional information on Prepared Statement performance and binding see JDBC Performance Tips on IBM's website.

25) Is it possible to connect to multiple databases simultaneously? Can one extract/update data from multiple databases with a single statement?

In general, subject, as usual, to the capabilities of the specific driver implementation, one can connect to multiple databases at the same time. At least one driver ( and probably others ) will also handle commits across multiple connections. Obviously one should check the driver documentation rather than assuming these capabilities.

As to the second part of the question, one needs special middleware to deal with multiple databases in a single statement or to effectively treat them as one database. DRDA ( Distributed Relational Database Architecture -- I, at least, make it rhyme with "Gerta" ) is probably most commonly used to accomplish this.

Oracle has a product called Oracle Transparent Gateway for IBM DRDA and IBM has a product called DataJoiner that make multiple databases appear as one to your application. No doubt there are other products available

26) Why do I get an UnsupportedOperationException?

JDBC 2.0, introduced with the 1.2 version of Java, added several capabilities to JDBC. Instead of completely invalidating all the older JDBC 1.x drivers, when you try to perform a 2.0 task with a 1.x driver, an UnsupportedOperationException will be thrown. You need to update your driver if you wish to use the new capabilities.

27) What advantage is there to using prepared statements if I am using connection pooling or closing the connection frequently to avoid resource/connection/cursor limitations?

The ability to choose the 'best' efficiency ( or evaluate tradeoffs, if you prefer, ) is, at times, the most important piece of a mature developer's skillset. This is YAA ( Yet Another Area, ) where that maxim applies. Apparently there is an effort to allow prepared statements to work 'better' with connection pools in JDBC 3.0, but for now, one loses most of the original benefit of prepared statements when the connection is closed. A prepared statement obviously fits best when a statement differing only in variable criteria is executed over and over without closing the statement.

However, depending on the DB engine, the SQL may be cached and reused even for a different prepared statement and most of the work is done by the DB engine rather than the driver. In addition, prepared statements deal with data conversions that can be error prone in straight ahead, built on the fly SQL; handling quotes and dates in a manner transparent to the developer, for example.

28) What is JDBC, anyhow?

JDBC is Java's means of dynamically accessing tabular data, and primarily data in relational databases, in a generic manner, normally using standard SQL statements.

29) Can I reuse a Statement or must I create a new one for each query?

When using a JDBC compliant driver, you can use the same Statement for any number of queries. However, some older drivers did not always "respect the spec." Also note that a Statement SHOULD automatically close the current ResultSet before executing a new query, so be sure you are done with it before re-querying using the same Statement.

30) What is a three-tier architecture?

A three-tier architecture is any system which enforces a general separation between the following three parts:

1. Client Tier or user interface
2. Middle Tier or business logic
3. Data Storage Tier

Applied to web applications and distributed programming, the three logical tiers usually correspond to the physical separation between three types of devices or hosts:

Contact me If any further Information

All The Best

Core Java Inteview Questions Part -V

2008-09-22T22:55:00.000-07:00

111 Q How does a try statement determine which catch clause should be used to handle an exception?

When an exception is thrown , the catch block of the try statement are examined in the order in which they appear. The first catch block that is capable of handling the exception is executed. The remaining catch blocks are ignored

112 Q How parameters are passed to methods in java program ?

All java method parameters in java are passed by value only. Obviously primitives are passed by value. In case of objects a copy of the reference is passed and so all the changes made in the method will persist.

113 Q If a class doesn't have any constructors, what will happen?

If a class doesn't have a constructor, the JVM will provide a default constructor for the class.

114 Q What will happen if a thread cannot acquire a lock on an object?

It enters to the waiting state until lock becomes available.

115 Q How does multithreading occurring on a computer with a single CPU?

The task scheduler of OS allocates an execution time for multiple tasks. By switching between different executing tasks, it creates the impression that tasks execute sequentially. But actually there is only one task is executed at a time.

116 Q What will happen if you are invoking a thread's interrupt method while the thread is waiting or sleeping?

When the task enters to the running state, it will throw an InterruptedException.

117 Q What are the different ways in which a thread can enter into waiting state?

There are three ways for a thread to enter into waiting state. By invoking its sleep() method, by blocking on I/O, by unsuccessfully attempting to acquire an object's lock, or by invoking an object's wait() method.

118 Q What are the the different ways for creating a thread?

A thread can be created by subclassing Thread, or by implementing the Runnable interface.

119 Q What is the difference between creating a thread by extending Thread class and by implementing Runnable interface? Which one should prefer?

When creating a thread by extending the Thread class, it is not mandatory to override the run method (If we are not overriding the run method , it is useless), because Thread class have already given a default implementation for run method. But if we are implementing Runnable , it is mandatory to override the run method. The preferred way to create a thread is by implementing Runnable interface, because it give loose coupling.

120 Q What is coupling?

Coupling is the dependency between different components of a system

121 Q How is an interface?

An interface is a collection of method declarations and constants. In java interfaces are used to achieve multiple inheritance. It sets a behavioral protocol to all implementing classes.

122 Q What is an abstract class?

An abstract class is an incomplete class. An abstract class is defined with the keyword abstract . We cannot create an object of the abstract class because it is not complete. It sets a behavioral protocol for all its child classes.

123 Q How will you define an interface?

An interface is defined with the keyword interface. Eg:
public interface MyInterface { }

124 Q How will you define an abstract class?

An abstract class is defined with the keyword abstract Eg:
public abstract class MyClass { }

125 Q What is any an anonymous class?

A An anonymous class is a local class with no name.

126 Q What is a JVM heap?

The heap is the runtime data area from which memory for all class instances and arrays is allocated. The heap may be of a fixed size or may be expanded. The heap is created on virtual machine start-up.

127 Q What is difference between string and StringTokenizer?

StringTokenizer as its name suggests tokenizes a String supplied to it as an argument to its constructor and the character based on which tokens of that string are to be made. The default tokenizing character is space " ".

128 Q What is the difference between array and ArrayList ?

Array is collection of same data type. Array size is fixed, It cannot be expanded. But ArrayList is a growable collection of objects. ArrayList is a part of Collections Framework and can work with only objects.

129 Q What is difference between java.lang .Class and java.lang.ClassLoader? What is the hierarchy of ClassLoader ?

Class 'java.lang.Class' represent classes and interfaces in a running Java application. JVM construct 'Class' object when class in loaded. Where as a ClassLoader is also a class which loads the class files into memory in order for the Java programs to execute properly. The hierarchy of ClassLoaders is:

Bootstrap ClassLoaders
Extensive ClassLoaders
System Classpath ClassLoaders
Application ClassLoaders

130 Q What is daemon thread?

Theards which are running on the background are called deamon threads. daemon thread is a thread which doesn't give any chance to run other threads once it enters into the run state it doesn't give any chance to run other threads. Normally it will run forever, but when all other non-daemon threads are dead, daemon thread will be killed by JVM

131 Q What is a green thread?

Native threads can switch between threads preemptively. Green threads switch only when control is explicitly given up by a thread ( Thread.yield(), Object.wait(), etc.) or a thread performs a blocking operation (read(), etc.). On multi-CPU machines, native threads can run more than one thread simultaneously by assigning different threads to different CPUs. Green threads run on only one CPU. Native threads create the appearance that many Java processes are running: each thread takes up its own entry in the process table. One clue that these are all threads of the same process is that the memory size is identical for all the threads - they are all using the same memory. The process table is not infinitely large, and processes can only create a limited number of threads before running out of system resources or hitting configured limits.

132 Q What is volatile variable?

A volatile variable is not allowed to have a local copy of a variable that is different from the value currently held in "main" memory. Volatile modifier requests the JVM to always access the shared copy of the variable so the its most current value is always read.

133 Q Why java does not support multiple inheritance?

Because the multiple inheritance causes the redundancy. Also we cannot solve diamond problem.

134 Q What is diamond problem?

The diamond problem is an ambiguity that can occur when a class multiply inherits from two classes that both descend from a common super class

135 Q How many JVM's we can run in a system?

Any number of JVMs can run in a system. Whenever we issue the command 'java' a new JVM will start.

136 Q Why Java is not 100% pure object oriented language?

Because java uses primitives.

137 Q Why ArrayList is faster than Vector?

Because Vector is synchronized. Synchronization reduces the performance.

138 Q What is the security mechnaism used in java?

Java uses sand box security model.

139 Q What is sandbox?

A sandbox is a security mechanism for safely running programs. The sandbox typically provides a tightly-controlled set of resources for guest programs to run in, such as scratch space on disk and memory.

140 Q What is phantom memory?

Phantom memory is the memory that does not exist in reality.

141 Q What is reflection?

Reflection is the process of finding out the different features of a class dynamically.

142 Q What are the differences between JIT and HotSpot?

The Hotspot VM is a collection of techniques, the most important of which is called adaptive optimization. The original JVMs interpreted byte codes one at a time. Second-generation JVMs added a JIT compiler, which compiles each method to native code upon first execution, then executes the native code. Thereafter, whenever the method is called, the native code is executed. The adaptive optimization technique used by Hotspot is a hybrid approach, one that combines byte code interpretation and run-time compilation to native code. Hotspot, unlike a regular JIT compiling VM, doesn't do "premature optimization"

143 Q What are the advantages and disadvantages of reference counting in garbage collection?

An advantage of this scheme is that it can run in small chunks of time closely linked with the execution of the program. These characteristic makes it particularly suitable for real-time environments where the program can't be interrupted for very long time. A disadvantage of reference counting is that it does not detect cycles. A cycle is two or more objects that refer to one another. Another disadvantage is the overhead of incrementing and decrementing the reference count each time. Because of these disadvantages, reference counting currently is out of favor.

144 Q How would you implement a thread pool?

The ThreadPool class is a generic implementation of a thread pool, which takes the following input Size of the pool to be constructed and name of the class which implements Runnable (which has a visible default constructor) and constructs a thread pool with active threads that are waiting for activation. once the threads have finished processing they come back and wait once again in the pool.

145 Q What is the difference between throw and throws clause?

throw is used to throw an exception manually, where as throws is used in the case of checked exceptions, to tell the compiler that we haven't handled the exception, so that the exception will be handled by the calling function.

146 Q What is JAR file?

A JAR file (short for Java Archive) is a ZIP file used to distribute a set of Java classes. It is used to store compiled Java classes and associated metadata that can constitute a program

147 Q What is a classloader?

A class loader is an object that is responsible for loading classes.

148 Q What is the difference between Comparable and Comparator ?

The Comparable is for natural ordering and Comparator is for custom ordering. But we can override the compareTo method of comparable interface to give a custom ordering.

149 Q What is the difference between List, Set and Map?

A Set is a collection that has no duplicate elements. A List is a collection that has an order associated with its elements. A map is a way of storing key/value pairs. The way of storing a Map is similar to two-column table.

150 Q What is the difference between Exception and Error ?

Error is unrecoverable.