台灣留學生出席國際會議補助

出席學術會議補助要點修正

2008-04-22T18:45:00.000-07:00

中華民國97年4月17日台文（三）字第0970054313C號
修正「教育部鼓勵在國外留學生參加留學國家全國性及國際性學術會議或藝能展演補助要點」，名稱並修正為「教育部鼓勵留學生在國外參加全國性及國際性學術會議或藝能展演補助要點」，自即日生效。

教育部鼓勵留學生在國外參加全國性及國際性學術會議或藝能展演補助要點修正規定

一、目的
教育部（以下簡稱本部）為因應知識經濟時代及國際變遷，輔導及鼓勵在國外之我國留學生積極參與全國性及國際性學術會議或藝能展演，以提昇留學品質及學術研究成效，展現留學活力及效益，特訂定本要點。

二、補助對象
在本部所編列外國大專校院參考名冊列名外國大學博、碩士班就讀之中華民國國籍留學生。如該校院未列名本部所編參考名冊，則須為當地國政府權責機關或專業評鑑團體認可者。

三、補助原則
(一) 參與國外全國性及國際性學術研究團體或學會等辦理之全國性、國際性學術研究會議或研討會，並經列名於會議或研討會議程（program），且正式發表學術研究論文。
(二) 參與國外全國性及國際性音樂、美術、戲劇等藝能比賽或展演活動。但參加畢業藝能展演者，不予補助。
(三) 參與中國、香港、澳門地區之國際學術會議或藝能展演活動者，以由國際組織主辦者為限。

四、補助名額及基準
(一) 駐外單位每年得補助名額，依當年經費預算及上年度執行成效而定。
(二) 補助基準：
１、每人補助美金三百元。
２、每人同一年度內以申請一次為限。
３、申請人不得同時或分別向我國政府機關申請同案補助。

五、申請及審查作業
(一) 留學生應於參加全國性及國際性學術會議或藝能展演活動後四十五天內（應於同一會計年度內），檢附申請表，向留學國家之本部駐外單位申請；該留學國家無本部駐外單位者，得向鄰近該留學國家之本部駐外單位申請。
(二) 申請表內各項證明資料應完全齊備，方予補助，申請表及相關證明資料留存駐外單位備查。申請表得由本部國際文教處之網站下載。

六、經費請撥及核銷
(一) 駐外單位接受留學生申請後，應確認查核留學生參加學術會議發表論文或參與藝能展演活動情形，並將受補助者名單及參加學術會議或展演活動名稱及心得報告公布於各駐外單位網站。
(二) 駐外單位於核定補助後，應於每季或依實際情形（應於同一會計年度）將駐外單位領據、留學生出具領款收據及受補助者名冊報本部核撥。

七、其他事項
(一) 所有申請補助案件之相關資料，由各駐外單位專案建檔管理。
(二) 駐外單位可鼓勵留學生據此同時向留學就讀之大學（科系）申請參加學術會議論文發表或藝能展演獎助金。
(三) 申請資料及心得報告有不實者，除追繳補助費外，並視情節公告週知，於下次申請時，不予補助。
(四) 駐外單位應於每年十二月十日前將其服務區核發本項補助費之成效評估報告報本部。

Optimizing 0/1 Loss for Perceptrons by Random Coordinate Descent

2007-11-20T14:05:00.001-08:00

論文發表人：林軒田 (加州理工學院電腦科學所博士班)

http://www.ijcnn2007.org

0/1 損失是感知器的一個重要的成本函數。然而，現有的感知器學習演算法無法輕易的對這個函數最佳化。在本文中，我們提出隨機坐標減少演算法來直接最佳化 0/1 損失，並證明其收斂性。本演算法計算效率較其他演算法為高，而且通常可得到最低的 0/1 損失。這種優勢，使之有助於解決真實世界中的非線性分割問題。實驗表明，本演算法對集成學習特別有幫助，配合增強集成學習演算法後，可在許多複雜的資料上得到最佳的測試結果。

The 0/1 loss is an important cost function for perceptrons. Nevertheless it cannot be easily minimized by most existing perceptron learning algorithms. In this paper, we propose a family of random coordinate descent algorithms to directly minimize the 0/1 loss for perceptrons, and prove their convergence. Our algorithms are computationally efficient, and usually achieve the lowest 0/1 loss compared with other algorithms. Such advantages make them favorable for nonseparable real-world problems. Experiments show that our algorithms are especially useful for ensemble learning, and could achieve the lowest test error for many complex data sets when coupled with AdaBoost.

Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of Waitea circinata var. circinata isolated from annual bluegrass in the U.S.

2007-11-20T14:00:00.001-08:00

論文發表人: 陳其敏 (加州大學河濱分校植物病理所博士班)

http://meeting.apsnet.org/default.cfm

在美國高爾夫球場草坪樣本中分離出Waitea circinata var. circinata (Wcc)◦ Wcc是Rhizoctonia的有性世代之一, Rhizoctonia spp能感染禾本科葉部或根部造成植株死亡◦ 早熟禾屬的annual bluegrass (Poa annua)草種在美國被廣泛的用於草坪植被例如高爾夫球場◦ 實驗用菌株包括從加州, 康乃迪克州, 伊利諾州, 緬因州, 內華達州, 紐約州, 奧勒岡州, 羅德島以及華盛頓州分離而得◦ 經過形態鑑定以及rDNA ITS分子鑑定(RFLP, Restriction fragment length polymorphism)確定引起病害的真菌是Wcc◦ 然而rDNA ITS經過酵素(Hap II)脢切後少數菌株在電泳圖上顯示三個DNA片段, 有異於前人研究的兩個片段◦ 研究顯示未被酵素脢切的第三個片段之尺寸約為rDNA ITS全長◦ 經過序列解析以及基因選殖, 發現在酵素作用位置上此真菌發生突變或是經由遺傳導致同一株菌系中同一個核酸位置擁有兩種不同的核酸導致酵素無法辨識進行脢切◦此研究顯示此真菌的ITS雖然有約2%的多樣性,但是仍足夠用以分辨此真菌與其他同樣是Rhizoctonia spp且能在禾本科上引起病害的不同種類◦ 同時,此研究也彰顯出此真菌在美國是廣泛分布,而不僅僅如同前人研究所指只分布於美國西岸◦

Waitea circinata var. circinata (Wcc), is the causal agent of brown ring patch of Poa annua that was recently discovered in the U.S and it is also a pathogen on Agrostis stolonifera in Japan. 42 isolates were identified as Wcc based on colony morphology and RFLP method using HapII. Some of the isolates produced two bands whereas others produced three bands. Sequencing the ITS rDNA confirmed that few isolates have heterozygous at the HapII restriction site. The sequencing reactions failed which was due to two indels at poly T positions. Intra-species variability in the ITS was low but phylogenetic analysis clearly separates Wcc from other varieties. It indicates that Wcc is wide spread across the U.S. as a pathogen of Poa annua.

Pre-modern meets Post-modern in Environmental

2007-11-20T13:54:00.001-08:00

論文發表人：汪俊彥 (加州大學洛杉磯分校戲劇批判理論研究所博士班 )

http://www.athe.org/

　一九八零年代，「環境劇場」的理論與實踐由理查謝喜納介紹到了台灣。如同一位台灣戲劇學者所述，一九八零年代的台灣所受的歐美戲劇影響可以視為中國戲劇在二十世紀以來的第二次的西潮。這篇論文起源於以下的問題意識：我們應該如何詮釋這場二次西潮在中國現代戲劇的影響？這二度西潮是否重複了第一次西潮所造成的中國與「西方」劇場的權力傾斜？

　從二次西潮中的兩齣劇場表演出發，一則可以視為「後現代」表演，另一則則可名為「前現代」的演出，兩者均或多或少受到理查謝喜納的理論與實踐影響而誕生，本篇論文將透過以上兩個例子，以理查謝喜納在台灣的理論與實踐情形，觀察台灣現代戲劇的二度西潮。

為了理解二度西潮的現象，本篇論文先初步檢視中國戲劇的第一次西潮。第一次西潮，簡單說，「發明」了中國現代戲劇，掌握了戲劇的現代性，並且巨大地改變了中國傳統戲曲。

　在簡單對第一次西潮的歷史痕跡回顧之後，論文指出在二次西潮巨麾之下，由理查謝喜那的學生鍾明德，一位在台灣任教同時進行戲劇實踐者，所倡導的「後現代」戲劇，在面對西方戲劇的霸權時，並沒有提供一種「去中心式」的後現代結構觀。也就是說，如果後現代主義提供了一種對中心與霸權的解構態度，本篇論文想要問，並且試圖解決的是：在西方霸權的既存結構下，究竟有沒有所謂普遍性的「後現代」的劇場？我們又如何能透過環境劇場，連結「前現代」的文化資源，一種本文認為具有「本土性」的特質，來「重建」中國的現代劇場？

　Around the middle of the 1980s, the notion of environmental theatre as theorized and practiced by Richard Schechner was introduced to Taiwan. As one theatre scholar in Taiwan remarked, the influence of theatrical practices from European and American contexts in Taiwan in the 1980s can be regarded as the second "Western Wave" (Xi-Chao) in the history of Chinese theatre in the twentieth century. This paper arose from the question: How should we interpret this second Western Wave in the modern history of Chinese theatre? Does it repeat the pattern of the first wave, which evokes images of unbalanced power relations between China and "the West?"

　Using two examples of "post-modern" and "pre-modern" performances in the second Wave, both of which were influenced by Richard Schechner and the theory of environmental theatre, this paper tries to analyze the second wave of Western theatre and Richard Schechner's environmental theatre in theory and practice in Taiwan.

　In order to understand how the second Western wave influenced modern Chinese theatre, we first need to examine the first wave of Western Chinese theatre. The first Western wave, to some extent, "invented" Chinese modern theatre, manipulated ideas of theatrical modernity and changed the traditional Chinese music drama in significant ways.

　After a brief discussion of the historical legacy of the first Western wave, I will indicate that under the rubric of the second "Western Wave," the acclaimed "post-modernist" environmental theatre as advocated by theatre activist and scholar Chung Mingde ,who was a student of Schechner at NYU, might not have succeeded in providing a "de-centered" theatre in terms of the Western dominance of theory.

　In other words, if the contribution of post-modernism has helped to deconstruct the norm of the center, I would like to raise the question of whether a purely "post-modernist" performance existed, in terms of theory and practice in environmental performances under the second Wave. How could we remake a Chinese modern theatre in the form of environmental theatre with reference to pre-modern performances, which I argue embodies a kind of locality?

User Access of Public Shared Devices in Pervasive Computing Environments

2007-11-20T12:04:00.001-08:00

論文發表人:  賈德勤 (加州大學洛杉磯分校電機所博士班)

http://health net07.cs.uiuc.edu/

在普及運算的環境下, 我們預計儀器和感測器是可以被許多人所共用存取的, 那要讓使用者簡單有效地使用某項儀器或感測器, 可靠及方便的認證是非常重要的條件. 這個問題將變得更複雜, 如果考量使用者與其他多人在同一鄰近區內, 並且要同時存取多個不同的儀器. 本篇論文首先從存取的三個先後階段(登入, 偵測並保持連結, 登出)下去探討, 要建立連結到這樣一個儀器所需要面對的問題. 本篇論文的主要貢獻在於我們辨別了一般在使用者存取儀器時的常見陷阱: 取得對一個儀器的控制存取的方式, 並不一定要和維持這個存取連結的方式相同, 也不需要和釋放存取控制這個儀器的方式相同. 另外, 當使用者連結到一個儀器時, 並不代表這個使用者正實體上在使用這個儀器. 文內接著提出一個改進後的情境感知方法, 藉由判別使用者身處的情境以及所要連結的儀器的狀態, 來判定並允許使用者和公用儀器間建立一個安全, 易用, 可選擇, 和可辨別的存取.

To allow for an efficient usage of a device in pervasive computing environments when a user intends to selectively utilize multiple devices within his/her vicinity, reliable and yet convenient authentication is an important requirement. The problem becomes more complex when the accessed device is shared by the public with many different individuals. This paper first illustrates the issues of establishing sessions to such devices (logging in, maintaining a session, and logging out), and then identifies the common pitfall of access-control contexts. We propose an improved context-aware solution that supports a secure, selective, and identifiable user access of public shared devices with high usability.

Controlled Growth of Quantum Dots and Nanopillars on Patterned GaAs Substrate by MOCVD

2007-11-20T11:47:00.001-08:00

論文發表人：翁秉秀（新墨西哥大學光電所博士班）

http://www.tms.org/Meetings/Specialty/EMC07/home.html

本篇論文中，我們報告了以區域選擇性之奈米磊晶生長定址量子點及奈米柱。我們首先探討砷化銦量子點在砷化鎵金字塔結構奈米晶面上之選擇性結晶成核。此方式成長之量子點，其形狀和大小均較Stranski-Krastanow成長模式易於控制。砷化鎵金字塔結構是以金屬有機化學氣相沉積術在由二氧化矽定址之(001)砷化鎵基板上生長。圓形的定址區域是由干涉式微影術形成。砷化鎵金字塔結構由包含了{11n}、{10n}及(001)等三個晶面族的平衡晶體形狀組成。接下來的定址量子點結晶成核高度偏好(11n)平面，這是由於該平面提供較佳之能量最小化。在(11n)平面上形成之量子點的形狀十分容易預測，也十分均勻。這些砷化鎵平衡晶體形狀及高度晶面化之量子點均由高解析度之掃描式電子顯微鏡來分析。我們並且展示了常溫下之熒光光譜及電激發光譜，範圍在1.2到1.6微米之間。低溫的熒光光譜也證實了三維量子限制的存在。

同樣的定址方法也用於在砷化鎵(111)B基板上生長砷化鎵奈米柱。此方式提供較佳之均勻度及奈米柱之分布，同時還有簡易之電極接觸模式，因此是製作奈米電子元件一個有吸引力的方式。在這個研究中，奈米柱的生長在不同的生長條件下進行。這些奈米柱形成了高度結晶化、由(001)及(011)側面所包圍的六角截面。微熒光光譜及電氣特性也同時被檢視。

We report selective area nano-epitaxy to form both patterned quantum dots (PQDs) and nanopillars. The selective InAs quantum dot (QD) nucleation on nano-faceted GaAs pyramidal facets is explored. This technique of QD growth enables better control of QD shape and size, than is possible with the Stranski-Krastanow (SK) growth mode. The GaAs pyramids are formed by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in patterned SiO₂ mask on a (001) GaAs substrate. The patterning is done by interferometric lithography and the circular patterns in SiO₂ are 25 nm deep and 230 nm in diameter, with a pitch of 330 nm. The GaAs pyramids are characterized by well-defined equilibrium crystal shapes (ECS) defined by three crystal plane families including {11n}, {10n} and (001). Subsequent patterned QD (PQD) nucleation on the GaAs pyramidal facets is highly preferential towards the (11n) planes due to superior energy minimization and the shape of the QDs on the (11n) planes is also highly predictable and uniform. The GaAs ECS pyramid and highly faceted PQDs are examined using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence from 1.2 to 1.6 µm has been demonstrated. Three dimensional quantum confinement is confirmed with low temperature (77K) PL.

The same lithographically defined patterns are used in the development of GaAs and GaSb nanopillars on GaAs (111)B substrates. The superior uniformity and arbitrary placement of the nanopillars along with easy electrical contacting schemes make these ensembles extremely attractive for nanoscale electronic devices. In this study, the nanopillar growth is conducted under a variety of conditions including III/V rations, substrate temperatures and growth rates. Nanopillars exhibit highly crystallographic hexagonal cross-section formed by (001) and (011) sidewalls. Pillar dimensions are ~200 nm in diameter and > 2 um in length. Micro-PL and electrical properties of these wires are also investigated.

Influences of Parents’ Health and Financial Support to Parents on Women’s Labor Market Withdrawal in Taiwan

2007-11-20T11:46:00.000-08:00

發表人: 魏瀅珊 (夏威夷大學社會學系博士班)

http://www.asanet.org/

在台灣, 照顧父母仍然視為媳婦或女兒的責任. 文獻顯示,照顧父母所付出的勞力與時間可能降低婦女的參與勞動. 比較台灣婦女勞動參與率, 從45-54歲以及55-64歲, 勞動參與率從60%降低到40%, 約有20%的婦女離開勞動力市場. 本文希望檢視照顧父母的工作是否會影響到婦女選擇離職或是減少工作時間. 此研究使用中研院家庭動態研究2001 及2002兩年資料,追蹤3000名,年紀在35到64歲的受訪者. 研究發現, 只有在父母健康狀況不良的情形下, 婦女會有較高的離職比率或減少目前的工作時間. 如果父母的健康狀況良好, 婦女離職的比率較低, 對父母的照顧則是以給予較多的金錢支助替代實質的照顧工作.

In Taiwan, taking care of elderly is considered to be the responsibility for daughter or daughter-in-law. Comparing Taiwanese women's labor force participation rates between age 45-54 and 55-64, it shows that the rates are 60% and 40% respectively, about 20% lower for the older cohort women. Previous research shows that elderly parents lead to a significant withdrawal from the labor force for female workers. In this paper, I focus on the relationship between elderly care in the household and female labor force participation in Taiwan. The data is from the "Panel Study of Family Dynamics," which was conducted by the Academic Sinica in Year 2001 and 2002. The sample size is 3000. My findings illustrate that only when elderly health is poor, women would significant reduce their working hours. Employed women are rather offering financial support to their parents, than leaving the labor force and giving the physical caring.

All-Dielectric Wireless Receiver

2007-08-01T15:00:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 徐家仁 (加州大學洛杉磯分校電機所博士班)

http://www.ims2007.org/

本篇論文提出一種新式微波接收器,隨著電磁脈衝武器的威脅日益升高,傳統的射頻及微波接收電路缺乏適當的保護機制,本篇論文結合介電共振天線和光電調變器的原理,展示了一種新型的微波接收器,整個接收器是由全介電材料組成,所以可以承受高功率電磁脈衝的干擾而不被破壞,光學原理的使用更進一步隔離了接收器前端和後端電路,讓電磁脈衝產生的高瞬間電壓無法傳遞到接收器後端,進而確保了後端電路的安全,初期的實驗結果證明了這類新型的接受器可以達到4.3´10^-3 V/m∙Hz^1/2的電場靈敏度

High Power Microwave (HPM) weapons and other sources of intense microwave power pose a growing threat to modern RF receivers. To address this problem, an all-dielectric photonic-assisted receiver is proposed and demonstrated. The device consists of a dielectric resonator antenna that concentrates and feeds the signal onto a resonant electro-optic field sensor. The absence of metal interconnects and the charge isolation provided by the optics removes the "soft spots" in a traditional receiver. In the proof-of-concept experiment, detection of C band electromagnetic signal at 7.38 GHz with a sensitivity of 4.3´10^-3 V/m∙Hz^1/2is demonstrated.

Broadband Quadrature Hybrid Design Using Metamaterial Transmission Line and Its Application in the Broadband Continuous Phase Shifter

2007-08-01T14:57:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 李振榮(加州大學洛杉磯分校電機工程博士班)

http://www.ims2007.org/

本篇論文主要是討掄一個寬頻正交混合器的設計. 此設計最主要是利用寬頻威爾金森功率分配器和利用超穎物質傳輸線來達成的寬頻相差去完成. 將威爾金功率分配器和超穎物質分配器結合後, 對於相差90°±5°和0.48功率差的公差來說, 其成效可以達到67%的頻寬. 除此之外, 完整的四端寬頻證交耦合器需要再利用一個功率合成器. 在此, 對於相差90°±5°和0.48功率差的公差來說, 其效果也可以達到67%的頻寬. 為了證明所提出的正交寬頻混合器的可應用性, 我們用一個利用向量加法的連續相移器去證明其潛力.

This paper presents a broadband quadrature hybrid which makes use of the broadband power division properties of conventional Wilkinson power splitters along with broadband phase difference achieved using metamaterial based delay lines. The bandwidth of the 90°±5° phase difference and 0.48dB power difference between the outputs of the Wilkinson power splitter and metamaterial delay line combination is 67%. The full four-port coupler is formed employing an additional combiner. A phase/power difference between the hybrid outputs of 90°±10° and 1.2dB, respectively, are observed over the same 67% bandwidth. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed broadband quadrature hybrid, a continuous phase shifter which is based on the vector sum method is tested.

Dream Freely/Freedom Dream:International Students in the USAmerican Academic nation

2007-08-01T14:55:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 林茵 (亞利桑那州立大學劇場研究所博士班)

http://theatre.umn.edu/ptoconference/index.htm

http://www.ptoweb.org/

本研究是以夢境來呈現台灣學生在美國求學與生活的經驗。以劇場中常用的說故事手法來呈現國際學生內心的掙扎與反省。長久以來，許許多多的國際學生來到美國追尋一個自我實現的夢想。他們渴望在不分國度的學術界裡被接納成為成功的學術界公民。然而，在許多的多元文化教室裡，國際學生常因為文化差異、語言隔和、權力分配不均等等因素在激烈的學術競爭中面對不公平的競爭。夢境常是真實生活的寫照。人們往往藉由夢境反映、反思、反抗在現實生活中的點點滴滴。夢的形式是片段、破碎、與不連貫的，這些特質是反抗者對抗權力與壓迫時常使用的手段。這個表演式的民族誌研究訪談了在亞歷桑那州立大學就讀的台灣留學生，以戲劇特有的專業技法蒐集個人的故事、感受、表情、肢體語言等等具表演力的非平面文字資料，並以戲劇演出呈現研究成果。主要應用的戲劇理論與實務方法是巴西劇場大師波瓦的"被壓迫者劇場"中的影像劇場、論壇劇場等等方法。研究成果與發表是一個單人的演出，以不同的夢境呈現國際學生如何在挫折中追求成功之道。演出是由六個夢境組成。分別呈現留學生與家鄉、與食物的關連性。更呈現留學生涯中在文化間、土地間不斷轉換的心境。這個演出更是希望帶出對話。將發表會場轉成一個多元文化的課堂，使觀眾皆可暢談自身的多元文化學習經驗。以演出刺激大家的思考，藉以實踐一個理想的多元學習空間。

Dreams are a space for people to meet themselves. Through dreams, people re-imagine/replay/reformat their lives. Dreams trouble the definitions of citizenship, (i.e. locality, privileges, rights) through fragmentation, instability, and nonlinearity. In a dream, one owns the agency to create a safe zone to confront the oppressor as well as subvert the situation s/he encounters in real life. For many decades, international students have come to the "Land of the Dream," the United States, to pursue their dreams of success as citizens in the academic nation. However, without sharing the ownership in such a multicultural classroom, international students often lose their voices by being at the bottom of the power hierarchy in academic society, due to language barriers, cultural differences, etc.

In my project, I apply dreams as a tool to approach my research about international students' lives in the U.S. As an international student from Taiwan, I constantly experience a feeling of displacement and off-balance in my daily and academic life. In this Performance Ethnography, I employ dreams as a metaphor for the negotiation between international students and power plays that occur within Western academia. The negotiation takes place in the conversation between the dreamtexts and monologue I created based on my research data. I also employ Theatre of the Oppressed and Creative Drama techniques to gather research data in workshops with international students at ASU. The dreamtexts reveal the relationships between international students and their hometowns/ families/ foods. It also presents the class dynamics of an internationalized classroom. By sharing their dreams about gaining ownership in the classroom through theatre, I aim to redefine citizenship in the academic nation. I also perform my research as an "art-based civic-dialogue" by using the performative dreamtexts to dialogue with the audience as participants in the USAmerican academic nation.

Real-Time Transfer Efficiency Monitoring for Wastewater Aeration Systems

2007-08-01T14:52:00.001-07:00

論文發表人: 呂紹元(加州大學洛杉磯分校土木與環工系博士班)

http://www.efficient2007.com/

本研究針對一般民生污水的處理發展了一套即時監測系統，並用以進行曝氣時能量使用與操作成本的分析：曝氣是民生廢水處理系統中最為耗能的一個單元操作流程。為了增進氧氣傳送速率，細氣泡型曝氣盤(fine-bubble diffusers)受到廣泛的採用。然而由於處理污水中充滿著各種污染物及微生物構成的活性污泥，這類的曝氣盤的氣孔在長時間的使用中很容易被堵塞；此一現象將大大減低曝氣盤的效果與使用壽命。堵塞的情形隨著污水處理廠的操作而有不同，且一般皆由人工清洗的方式來恢復處理效果；而清洗會造成操作成本的提高。本研究提供一種即時監測的方法來量化曝氣盤受到污泥所堵塞的情形，並藉以判斷何時清洗曝氣盤最符合經濟效益。逸氣測試方法(off-gas test)是現今測試氧氣傳輸效率最快且正確的方法之一，而本研究針對此測試法進行改良並使之成為一即時監測/紀錄的系統。實地測試的結果發現：1.清理前後氧氣傳輸效率確有提升 (15%→18%)；2.即時監測結果與長期觀測結果相符；3.此監測法可提供正確並即時的氧氣傳遞資訊，未來當可用於曝氣馬達的回饋控制系統中以提高能源使用的效率。

Aeration is the most energy intensive unit operation in municipal wastewater treatment. To improve oxygen transfer rate, fine-pore diffusers have been wildly applied in aeration practice. However, during operation, this type of diffusers suffers from fouling and scaling problems, which rapid decline in performance and significant increase in energy costs. Diffusers must be cleaned periodically to reduce energy costs. The cleaning frequency of diffusers is site-specific, and is shown by the reduction of oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) with time in operation. Off-gas testing is the only technique that can measure real-time oxygen transfer efficiency. This paper presents time-series of off-gas testing measurements and their applications, which show the potential for full-scale implementation of energy-conservation practices. Our results include the real-time prediction of plant load and alpha factors from off-gas testing, as well as the quantification of the increased energy costs for aeration. Our off-gas analyzer is being used to develop an aeration efficiency monitoring protocol, and an aeration feedback control system for air blowing units.

High-Resolution 3D Breath-hold Coronary Artery Imaging at 3T using Wideband SSFP

2007-07-06T10:25:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：李緒磊 (南加州大學電機所博士班)

http://www.ismrm.org/07/

在 3T MRI 運用 SSFP 技術可提供高訊噪比及高對比影像，但 off-resonance 效
應限制了此一技術中可使用的 TR 參數，降低空間解析度上限。Wideband SSFP 交
互使用兩個不同的 TR 以產生兩個交替出現的穩定態，可抑制 off-resonance
artifact 並提昇影像解析度。在此報告中我們展示了於 3T MR 上進行的三維
breath-hold GRE、SSFP、Wideband SSFP 冠狀動脈影像，其在頻率編碼方向的解
析度為 0.5 毫米。Wideband SSFP 抑制 off-resonance artifact 的能力使其具
有在 3T MR 上取得高解析度冠狀動脈影像的潛力。

Coronary artery imaging using SSFP at 3 Tesla exhibits high SNR and CNR,
however off-resonance effects limit the TR and hence the achievable
spatial resolution. Wideband SSFP sequences utilize an oscillating
steady state to suppress off-resonance artifacts and therefore improve
spatial resolution. We demonstrate coronary artery imaging at 3T using
three-dimensional breath-hold GRE, SSFP, and wideband SSFP sequences,
with an in-plane resolution of 0.5 mm in the frequency-encoding
direction. Wideband SSFP suppresses off-resonance artifacts and is a
potential solution for generating high-resolution coronary artery images
at 3 Tesla.

Integrity-aware Bandwidth Guarding Approach in P2P Networks

2007-07-06T10:24:00.001-07:00

論文發表人：江文惠(南加州大學電機工程學系)

http://www.ifip-networking.org/index.htm

大部份的網路互助系統都面臨一個主要的問題 , 總是有些使用者 ( freediers ) 不願意付出而只想從中得利. 以同儕網路系統 ( P2P Network ) 來說, 就是有些使用者只想下載檔案而不願意上傳檔案給他人. 這樣的使用者對系統來說是多餘的, 會給其它使用者帶來負擔並降低整體系統效能. 因次我們提出一個有效率的演算法來分辨這些不合群的使用者 . 主要的想法為監控可用頻寬與使用者網路流量之間的相對關係. 首先我們會先比較現有可用頻寬量測工具的特色, 選擇最適合來監控同儕網路的工具, 接著, 提出我們評估使用者是否為 freeriders 的演算法以及我們的實驗結果. 實驗結果證實我們的演算法確實能夠分辨出對整體網路有貢獻的使用者以及只想從中得利而不想有所貢獻的使用者. 藉由這些資訊我們能建立更穩固的底層網路架構 . 並以此為基礎來發展許多同儕網路系統 ( P2P system ) 或多點傳播系統 ( multicast applications ) .

Most Internet-based collaborative computing systems face the major problem: freeriding. The abundance of freeriders, and load imbalance it creates, punishes those peers who do actively contribute to the network by forcing them to overuse their resources. Hence, the overall system performance becomes to degrade quickly. The goal of this paper is aimed to provide an efficient approach to distinguish the dishonest peers from the honest peers. The key idea of our approach is to make use of the relationship between the perceived throughput and the available bandwidth. First, we do a comprehensive study of available bandwidth estimation tools. Next, we propose integrity-aware bandwidth guarding algorithm, which is designed according to the perceived throughput and the available bandwidth estimation. Finally, the simulation results illustrate that our approach can correctly identify dishonest peers and be of great help in constructing a better overlay structure for many peer-to-peer and multicast applications.