Dallas Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer | David Finn

Scrutiny Increased on Payments to Foreign Officials

2008-06-30T15:47:00.000-07:00

As a result of Watergate, Congress enacted the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)many years ago.

Lately, due in part to increasing globalization, the S.E.C. and the Justice Department have ramped up FCPA investigations and prosecutions against U.S. and foreign companies and individuals.

FCPA is made up of two parts, an anti-bribery provision and an accounting provision.

The anti-bribery provision prohibits the offer, authorization, promise or payment of anything of value to a foreign official, political party, official, or candidate for public office in order to obtain or retain business. It applies to issuers, domestic concerns, or persons acting within the U.S.

The accounting provision includes both a books and records provision and an internal control provision, and only applies to companies issuing securities registered on U.S. stock exchanges.

The FCPA specifically excludes "grease payments"- payments that expedite or secure the performance of routine governmental action or merely move a particular matter toward an eventual act or decision. These types of nondiscretionary payments could include payments made to obtain permits, licenses or other official documents, and to receive services such as mail, telephone, water, power, etc.

The trend over the past few years clearly indicates that the DOJ/SEC focus in the area has intensified. And the fines are increasingly steep, and can include disgorgement. As a result, more and more companies appear to be self-reporting violations before the feds come knocking at their doors.

When in doubt, seek out an attorney who has a working knowledge of the FCPA.

David Finn

Texas FLDS Case

2008-05-22T13:16:00.000-07:00

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-08-00235-CV
In re Sara Steed, et al.

ORIGINAL PROCEEDING FROM SCHLEICHER COUNTY
M E M O R A N D U M O P I N I O N
PER CURIAM

This original mandamus proceeding involves the temporary custody of a number of
children who were removed from their homes on an emergency basis from the Yearning For Zion ranch outside of Eldorado, Texas.1 The ranch is associated with the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS), and a number of families live there. Relators are thirty-eight women who were living at the ranch and had children taken into custody on an emergency basis by the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services based on allegations by the Department that
there was immediate danger to the physical health or safety of the children.

Relators seek a writ of mandamus requiring the district court to vacate its temporary
orders in which it named the Department the temporary sole managing conservator of their children. Because temporary orders in a suit affecting a parent-child relationship are not subject to interlocutory appeal under the family code, mandamus review is appropriate. Dancy v. Daggett, 815 S.W.2d 548, 549 (Tex. 1991); In re Vernor, 94 S.W.3d 201, 210 (Tex. App.—Austin 2002,orig. proceeding).

Section 262.201 provides, in relevant part, as follows:
(a) Unless the child has already been returned to the parent, managing conservator,
possessory conservator, guardian, caretaker, or custodian entitled to possession and
the temporary order, if any, has been dissolved, a full adversary hearing shall be held not later than the 14th day after the date the child was taken into possession by the governmental entity.

Relators complain that the Department failed to meet its burden under section 262.201
of the Texas Family Code to demonstrate (1) that there was a danger to the physical health or safety of their children, (2) that there was an urgent need for protection of the children that required the immediate removal of the children from their parents, or (3) that the Department made reasonable efforts to eliminate or prevent the children’s removal from their parents. Tex. Fam. Code Ann.
§ 262.201 (West Supp. 2007). Without such proof, Relators argue, the district court was required to return the children to their parents and abused its discretion by failing to do so.

Removing children from their homes and parents on an emergency basis before fully
litigating the issue of whether the parents should continue to have custody of the children is an extreme measure. It is, unfortunately, sometimes necessary for the protection of the children involved.

However, it is a step that the legislature has provided may be taken only when the circumstances indicate a danger to the physical health and welfare of the children and the need for protection of the children is so urgent that immediate removal of the children from the home is necessary. Section 262.201 further requires the Department, when it has taken children into custody (b) At the conclusion of the full adversary hearing, the court shall order the return of the child to the parent, managing conservator, possessory conservator, guardian,caretaker, or custodian entitled to possession unless the court finds sufficient
evidence to satisfy a person of ordinary prudence and caution that:

(1) there was a danger to the physical health or safety of the child
which was caused by an act or failure to act of the person entitled to
possession and for the child to remain in the home is contrary to the
welfare of the child;

(2) the urgent need for protection required the immediate removal of
the child and reasonable efforts, consistent with the circumstances
and providing for the safety of the child, were made to eliminate or
prevent the child’s removal; and

(3) reasonable efforts have been made to enable the child to return
home, but there is a substantial risk of a continuing danger if the child
is returned home.
. . . .
In determining whether there is a continuing danger to the physical health or
safety of the child, the court may consider whether the household to which the child
would be returned includes a person who:

(1) has abused or neglected another child in a manner that caused
serious injury to or the death of the other child; or

(2) has sexually abused another child.
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 262.201 (West Supp. 2007).

In this case, the Department relied on the following evidence with respect to
the children taken into custody from the Yearning For Zion ranch to satisfy the requirements of section 262.201:

• Interviews with investigators revealed a pattern of girls reporting that “there
was no age too young for girls to be married";
• Twenty females living at the ranch had become pregnant between the ages of
thirteen and seventeen;
• Five of the twenty females identified as having become pregnant between the
ages of thirteen and seventeen are alleged to be minors, the other fifteen are
now adults;
• Of the five minors who became pregnant, four are seventeen and one is
sixteen, and all five are alleged to have become pregnant at the age of fifteen
or sixteen;
• The Department’s lead investigator was of the opinion that due to the
“pervasive belief system” of the FLDS, the male children are groomed to be
perpetrators of sexual abuse and the girls are raised to be victims of sexual
abuse;
• All 468 children were removed from the ranch under the theory that the
ranch community was “essentially one household comprised of extended
family subgroups” with a single, common belief system and there was reason
to believe that a child had been sexually abused in the ranch “household”;
• Department witnesses expressed the opinion that there is a “pervasive belief
system” among the residents of the ranch that it is acceptable for girls to
marry, engage in sex, and bear children as soon as they reach puberty, and
that this “pervasive belief system” poses a danger to the children.

In addition, the record demonstrates the following facts, which are undisputed by
the Department:

• The only danger to the male children or the female children who had not
reached puberty identified by the Department was the Department’s assertion
that the “pervasive belief system” of the FLDS community groomed the
males to be perpetrators of sexual abuse later in life and taught the girls to
submit to sexual abuse after reaching puberty;
• There was no evidence that the male children, or the female children who had
not reached puberty, were victims of sexual or other physical abuse or in
danger of being victims of sexual or other physical abuse;
• While there was evidence that twenty females had become pregnant between
the ages of thirteen and seventeen, there was no evidence regarding the
marital status of these girls when they became pregnant or the circumstances
under which they became pregnant other than the general allegation that the
girls were living in an FLDS community with a belief system that condoned
underage marriage and sex;
• There was no evidence that any of the female children other than the five
identified as having become pregnant between the ages of fifteen and
seventeen were victims or potential victims of sexual or other physical abuse;
• With the exception of the five female children identified as having become
pregnant between the ages of fifteen and seventeen, there was no evidence of
any physical abuse or harm to any other child;
• The Relators have identified their children among the 468 taken into custody
by the Department, and none of the Relators’ children are among the five the
Department has identified as being pregnant minors; and
• The Department conceded at the hearing that teenage pregnancy, by itself, is
not a reason to remove children from their home and parents, but took the
position that immediate removal was necessary in this case because “there is
a mindset that even the young girls report that they will marry at whatever
age, and that it’s the highest blessing they can have to have children.”

The Department argues that the fact that there are five minor females living in the
ranch community who became pregnant at ages fifteen and sixteen together with the FLDS belief system condoning underage marriage and pregnancy indicates that there is a danger to all of the children that warrants their immediate removal from their homes and parents, and that the need for protection of the children is urgent.

The Department also argues that the “household” to which the
children would be returned includes persons who have sexually abused another child, because the entire Yearning For Zion ranch community is a “household.” See id. § 262.201(d)(2).

The Department failed to carry its burden with respect to the requirements of section
262.201(b). Pursuant to section 262.201(b)(1), the danger must be to the physical health or safety of the child. The Department did not present any evidence of danger to the physical health or safety.

The Department’s witnesses conceded that there are differences of opinion among the
FLDS community as to what is an appropriate age to marry, how many spouses to have, and when to start having children—much as there are differences of opinion regarding the details of religious doctrine among other religious groups.

The notion that the entire ranch community constitutes a “household” as contemplated by section 262.201 and justifies removing all children from the ranch community if there even is one incident of suspected child sexual abuse is contrary to the evidence.

Nor did the Department offer any evidence that any of Relators’ pubescent female children were in physical danger other than that those children live at the ranch among a group of people who have a “pervasive system of belief” that condones polygamous marriage and underage females having children.

The existence of the FLDS belief system as described by the Department’s witnesses, by itself, does not put children of FLDS parents in physical danger. It is the imposition of certain alleged tenets of that system on specific individuals that may put them in physical danger.

The Department failed to offer any evidence that any of the pubescent female children of the Relators were in such physical danger.

The record is silent as to whether the Relators or anyone in their households are likely to subject their pubescent female children to underage marriage or sex. The record is also silent as to how many of Relators’ children are pubescent females and whether there is any risk to them other than that they live in a community where there is a “pervasive belief system” that condones marriage and childrearing
as soon as females reach puberty.

The Department also failed to establish that the need for protection of the Relators’
children was urgent and required immediate removal of the children. As previously noted, none of the identified minors who are or have been pregnant are children of Relators.

There is no evidence that any of the five pregnant minors live in the same household as the Relators’ children. While there was evidence that the living arrangements on the ranch are more communal than most typical neighborhoods, the evidence was not legally or factually sufficient to support a theory that the entire ranch community was a “household” under section 262.201.

The simple fact, conceded by the Department, that not all FLDS families are polygamous or allow their female children to marry as minors demonstrates the danger of removing children from their homes based on the broad-brush ascription of every aspect of a belief system to every person living among followers of the belief system or professing to follow the belief system.

There is no evidence that Relators have allowed or are going to allow any of their minor female children to be subjected to any sexual or physical abuse. There is simply no evidence specific to Relators’children at all except that they exist, they were taken into custody at the Yearning For Zion ranch, and they are living with people who share a “pervasive belief system” that condones underage
marriage and underage pregnancy.

Even if one views the FLDS belief system as creating a danger of sexual abuse by grooming boys to be perpetrators of sexual abuse and raising girls to be victims
of sexual abuse as the Department contends,11 there is no evidence that this danger is “immediate” or “urgent” as contemplated by section 262.201 with respect to every child in the community.

The legislature has required that there be evidence to support a finding that there is a danger to the physical health or safety of the children in question and that the need for protection is urgent and warrants immediate removal. Id. § 262.201(b).

Evidence that children raised in this particular environment may someday have their physical health and safety threatened is not evidence that the danger is imminent enough to warrant invoking the extreme measure of immediate removal prior
to full litigation of the issue as required by section 262.201.

Finally, there was no evidence that the Department made reasonable efforts to
eliminate or prevent the removal of any of Relators’ children.

New Supreme Court Decision-April 23, 2008

2008-04-23T12:09:00.000-07:00

In Virginia v. Moore, case number 06-1082, the Supreme Court today decided that just because police officers violate state law by arresting a person for an offense that is not subject to arrest, a search incident to that
(unlawful) arrest does not violate the Fourth Amendment. And it was a unanimous decision (Justice Ginsburg only concurred in the judgment).

Below is Scotusblog's description of the case for those that (like me) can't yet stomach reading the actual decision.

In the only decision of the day, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously on Wednesday that police do not act unconstitutionally if they conduct a search following an arrest, even if the arrest violated a state law. The ruling, written by Justice Antonin Scalia, came in Virginia v. Moore (06-1082) involving the discovery of crack cocaine in a search of a driver who had been stopped for driving on a suspended license.

So long as the police had probable cause to make the arrest, the Court said, it makes no difference that a state law barred police from making an arrest when the crime involved was only a misdemeanor traffic offense. "An arrest based on probable cause serves interests that have long been seen as sufficient to justify the seizure" of evidence after the arrest, the opinion added..

In the circumstance that confronted David Lee Moore of Portsmouth, Va., in 2003, police were supposed to give him only a ticket. But, instead, they arrested him, took him to a hotel where they conducted a personal search of Moore, finding about 16grams of cocaine in a jacket pocket and $516 in cash in a pants pocket. The evidence was used to convict Moore of possession of cocaine with intent to distribute it. He was sentenced to five years in prison, with 18 months of the sentence suspended.

The Court noted that, with its policy on ticketing only after a traffic offense, "Virginia chooses to protect individual privacy and dignity more than the Fourth Amendment requires." But, it added, that choice does not make a resulting search invalid under the federal Constitution.

"Moore would allow Virginia to accord enhanced protection only on pain of accompanying that protection with federal remedies for Fourth Amendment violations, which often include the exclusionary rule. States unwilling to lose control over the remedy would have to abandon restrictions on arrest altogether. This is an odd consequence of a provision designed to protect against searches and seizures," Scalia wrote.

The opinion was joined by all of the members of the Court except Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. She supported the result only, saying she would read the historical record differently.

David Finn

Federal Misdemeanors-List

2008-04-15T08:34:00.001-07:00

David Finn: In addition to the individuals named in the following article, credit for the distribution of this material goes to Tony Lacy, Assistant Public Defender, Western District of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

It's old, so check the Federal Code before relying on the information.

A giant “Thank You” goes out to Sherri Katz, Research and Writing Specialist, Western District of Texas, Del Rio, Texas for her assistance in preparing the original presentation. Another “Thank You” to Sumter Camp, Assistant Federal Defender, Middle District of Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee for reviewing the Misdemeanor list and updating it in the Winter of 2000.

APPENDIX A
MISDEMEANOR OFFENSES
The following list of statutes originated from an “ancient” file the saved in Adobe Acrobat. The list was provided by Fred Kay, Federal Public Defender, District of Arizona. The age of the original document is unknown, but appeared to predate 1981. It was reformatted and updated in the Spring of 2000 by the author. It was reviewed and updated again by Sumter Camp, Assistant Federal Defender, Middle District of Tennessee in the Winter of 2000.

Code of Federal Regulation offenses and assimilative crimes are not included.

Title 2

Title 2 U.S.C. § 167(a): (Library of Congress) - Public Use. 2 U.S.C. § 167(b): (Library of Congress) - Sale of articles; signs; solicitations. 2 U.S.C. § 167(c): (Library of Congress) - injuries to property (if does not exceed $100). 2 U.S.C. § 167(d): (Library of Congress) - Firearms or fireworks; speeches; objectionable language (if no damage which exceeds $100). 2 U.S.C. § 167(e): (Library of Congress) - Parades or assemblages; display of flags (if no damage which exceeds $100). 2 U.S.C. § 167(f): (Library of Congress) - Additional regulations; publication. effective date (if does not exceed $100). 2 U.S.C. § 167(g): (Library of Congress) - prosecution and punishment of offenses. 2 U.S.C. § 390: (Contested elections) - Penalty for failure to appear, testify, or produce documents.

Title 4

4 U.S.C. § 3: (District of Columbia) - Use of flag for advertising purposes; mutilation of flag.

Title 7

7 U.S.C. § 60: (Cotton standards) - Penalties for violations 7 U.S.C. § 86: (Grain standards) - Refusal of inspection and weighing services; civil penalties 7 U.S.C. § 136l(b)(1) & (2): (Pesticide control) - Penalties 7 U.S.C. § 150gg(a): (Plant Pests) - Criminal penalties (violations and altering and defacing documents). 7 U.S.C. § 163: (Nursery stock and other plants and plant products) -Violations; forgery, alterations, etc., of certificates; punishment, civil penalty. 7 U.S.C. § 166: (Agriculture products in U.S. Mails) - transmission of mailed packages for State inspection. 7 U.S.C. § 203: (Registration of stockyard dealer or market agency) - penalty for failure to register. 7 U.S.C. § 207(g): (Packers and Stockyards) - Schedule of rates.

7 U.S.C. § 207(h): (Packers and Stockyards) - Schedule of rates; penalties. 7 U.S.C. § 215: (Packers and Stockyards) - Failure to obey orders; Punishment. 7 U.S.C. § 270: (Warehouses) (Fraud etc.) - Punishment for penalties. 7 U.S.C. § 282: (Honeybees) - Punishment for unlawful importation. 7 U.S.C. § 472: (Cotton Statistics and Estimates) - Information furnished of confidential character; penalty for divulging
information.

7 U.S.C. § 473: (Cotton Statistics and Estimates) - Persons required to furnish information; request; failure to furnish; false information. 7 U.S.C. § 473c-2: (Cotton Statistics and Estimates) - Offenses in relation to sampling of cotton for classification. 7 U.S.C. § 499(c): (Perishable Agricultural Commodities) (Licenses) - penalty for failure to obtain. 7 U.S.C. § 503: (Tobacco Statistics) - Reports necessity; by whom made, penalties. 7 U.S.C. § 511(k): (Tobacco inspection) - penalties. 7 U.S.C. § 620: (Agricultural Adjustment) - Falsely ascribing deductions or charges to taxes; penalty. 7 U.S.C. § 953: (Peanut Statistics) - Reports; by whom made; penalties. 7 U.S.C. § 1596: (Seeds: Foreign Commerce) - Penalties (As applied to first violation only; penalty of up to $2,000 thereafter. 7 U.S.C. § 1642(c): (Stabilization of International Wheat Market) - Enforcement by President - Penalty for violation.

Title 8

8 U.S.C. § 1221(d): Penalties against noncomplying shipments or aircraft (Aliens - entry and exclusions). $300.00 penalty for each person concerning whom list is not prepared. Penalty paid to the Commissioner. 8 U.S.C. § 1281(d): (Alien Crewman) - violations.

8 U.S.C. § 1282(c): (Alien Crewman) - conditional permits to land temporarily - penalties. 8 U.S.C. § 1284(a): Control of alien crewmen - penalties for failure. $3000.00 penalty paid to the Commissioner for each alien crewman with respect to which failure occurs.

8 U.S.C. §1285: Employment on passenger vessels of aliens with certain disabilities. 8 U.S.C. § 1286: Discharge of alien crewmen; penalties. 8 U.S.C. §1287: Alien crewmen brought into the United States with intent to evade immigration laws. 8 U.S.C. § 1304(e): Personal possession of registration or receipt card; penalties. Up to $1000.00 fine, and/or up to 30 days imprisonment.

8 U.S.C. § 1306(a): (Aliens) - Willful failure to register. Penalty is up to $1,000.00 fine and/or up to 6 months imprisonment. 8 U.S.C. § 1306(b): (Aliens) - Failure to notify change of address. Penalty is up to $200.00 fine and/or up to 30 days imprisonment. In addition, a conviction under this section can be cause for removal under Title 8, Chapter 4. 8 U.S.C. § 1306(c): (Aliens) - Fraudulent statements. Penalty is up to $1,000.00 fine and/or up to six months imprisonment.

8 U.S.C. § 1321: (Aliens) - Prevention of unauthorized landing of aliens; failure to report; penalties. Penalty is up to $3,000.00 fine for each violation, imposed by the Attorney General.

8 U.S.C. § 1324(a)(B)(2)(A): Unlawful bringing of aliens into U.S. Penalty is $3,000.00 fine for each alien, paid to the Commissioner.

8 U.S.C. § 1325: Entry of Alien at improper time or place; misrepresentation and concealment of facts (first offense). Penalty is up to six months imprisonment and/or a fine imposed pursuant to Title 18.

Title 12

12 U.S.C. § 164: (Bank Examinations) - Penalty for failure to make reports. 12 U.S.C. § 334:(Federal Reserve System) - State Banks as Members of System 12 U.S.C. § 481: (Bank Examinations) - Appointment of examiners; examination of member banks, State banks, and trust

companies; reports”. 12 U.S.C. § 1723a(e): (Federal National Mortgage Association) - Prohibition against use of name; penalty for violation. 12 U.S.C. § 1828(h): (F.D.I.C.) - Penalties.

Title 13

13 U.S.C. § 212: (Census) - Refusal or neglect of employees to perform duties. 13 U.S.C. § 221(a) & (b): (Census) - Refusal or neglect to answer questions; false answers. 13 U.S.C. § 222: (Census) - Giving suggestions or information with intent to cause inaccurate enumeration of population. 13 U.S.C. § 223: (Census) - Refusal, by owners, proprietors, etc. to assist census employees. 13 U.S.C. § 224: (Census) - Failure to answer questions affecting companies, businesses, religious bodies, and other organizations, false answers; (as applied only to failure to answer; willfully false answer has a fine of up to $10,000). 13 U.S.C. § 305: (Census - Collection and Publication of Foreign Commerce and Trade Statistics) -Violations, penalties.

Title 14

14 U.S.C. § 83: (Coast Guard) - Unauthorized aids to maritime navigation; penalty. 14 U.S.C. § 84: (Coast Guard) - Interference with aids to navigation; penalty. 14 U.S.C. § 85: (Coast Guard) - Aids to maritime navigation on fixed structures; penalty. 14 U.S.C. § 639: (Coast Guard) - Penalty for unauthorized use of words "Coast Guard". 14 U.S.C. § 892: (Coast Guard Reserve and Auxiliary) - Penalty.

Title 15

15 U.S.C. § 68(d: (Labeling of Wool Products) - Maintenance of records, penalties. 15 U.S.C. § 69f: (Labeling of Fur Products) - Maintenance of records, penalties). 15 U.S.C. § 78(u): (Securities and Exchanged) - Investigations; injunctions and prosecution of offenses. 15 U.S.C. § 78ff(b): (Securities and Exchanges) (failure to file information) Penalties.

15 U.S.C. § 79r(d): (Public Utility Holding Comp.) - Penalty for refusal to testify.

15 U.S.C. § 80b-9: (Investment Advisors) - Enforcement; penalties

15 U.S.C. § 233: (Standard Barrels) - Penalty for violations.

15 U.S.C. § 235: (Standard Barrels) - Sale or shipment of barrel of less capacity than standard; punishment.

15 U.S.C. § 241: (Standard Barrels) - Penalty for selling lime in unmarked barrels and containers.

15 U.S.C. § 298: (Gold and Silver) - Violations of law; penalty.

15 U.S.C. § 717t(b): (Natural Gas) - General penalties.

15 U.S.C. § 1004: (Golden Gate Bridge Tolls) - Penalties.

15 U.S.C. § 1007: (San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge) - Penalties

15 U.S.C. § 1212: (Household Refrigerators) - Violations, misdemeanor; penalties.

15 U.S.C. § 1233: (Disclosure of Automobile Information) - Violations and penalties.

Title 16

16 U.S.C. § 9a: (National Parks) - Violation of regulations as misdemeanor. 16 U.S.C. § 26: (National Parks - Yellowstone National Park) - Punishment for violations. 16 U.S.C. § 45e: (Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks) - Violations, penalty. 16 U.S.C. § 98: ( Mount Ranier National Historical Park) - forfeitures and punishments. 16 U.S.C. § 117c: (Mesa Verde National Park) - violations of statutes and rules. 16 U.S.C. § 127: (Crater Lake National Park) - rules and regulations; punishment. 16 U.S.C. § 146: (Wind Cave National Park) - Offenses. 16 U.S.C. § 170: (Glacier National Park) - regulations; punishment. 16 U.S.C. § 198c: (Rocky Mountain National Park) - Prohibited Acts; rules . and regulations; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 204c: (Lassen Volcanic National Park) - Violations of statutes and rules; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 256b: (Olympic National Park) - violation of statutes or rules; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 354: (Denali National Park) - offenses; punishments. 16 U.S.C. § 373: (Hot Springs National Park) - injuries to property. 16 U.S.C. § 374: (Hot Springs National Park) - Violations of rules and regulations. 16 U.S.C. § 403c-3: (Shenandoah National Park and Great Smoky Mountains National Park) - Criminal offenses concerning hunting, fishing, and property.

16 U.S.C. § 403h-3: (Shenandoah National Park and Great Smoky Mountains National Park) - penalties for violating laws and rules. 16 U.S.C. § 404c-3: (Mammoth Cave National Park) - rules and regulations.

16 U.S.C. § 408k: (Isle Royale National Park) - violation of statutes or rules; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 413: (National Military Parks) - Offenses relating to structures and vegetation. 16 U.S.C. § 414: (National Military Parks) - trespassing for hunting, or shooting. 16 U.S.C. § 422d: (Moores Creek National Military Park)' - monuments, etc. protected. 16 U.S.C. § 423f: (Petersburg National Battlefield) - protection of monuments etc. 16 U.S.C. § 425g: (Various Parks in Virginia) - protection of monuments etc. 16 U.S.C. § 426i: (Stones River National Battlefield) - protection of monuments, etc. 16 U.S.C. § 430q: (Monocacy National Military Park) - offenses. 16 U.S.C. § 460k-3: (Nationa1 Conservation Recreation Areas) - Charges and fees; permits; regulations; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 460n-5: (Lake Mead National Recreation Area) - violations and penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 606: (Cutting timber on certain mineral lands) - offenses; punishment. 16 U.S.C. § 666a: (Game, fur-bearing animals and fish) - penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 668: (Bald and golden eagles) - acts prohibited, penalty. 16 U.S.C. § 668dd(e): (National Wildlife Refuge System) - penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 690g: (Game and Bird Preserves; Protection) - violation of laws and regulations; penalty. 16 U.S.C. § 693a: (Game and Bird Preserves) - Rules and Regulations for administration of Ouachita National Forest; violations; penalties.] 16 U.S.C. § 707(a): (Migratory Bird Treaty) - violations and penalties. 16 U.S.C. § § 730: (Upper Mississippi River Wild Life and Fish Refuge) -violation of law or regulations; punishment. 16 U.S.C. § 773g: (Northern Pacific Halibut Act of 1982) - Crimes and criminal penalties 16 U.S.C. § 783: (Regulation of Sponges) - punishment for violations of law. 16 U.S.C. § 811: (F.P.C.) - operation of navigation facilities; rules and regulations;-penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 825o(b): (F.P.C.) - rules and regulations; penalties. 16 U.S.C. § 916e: (Regulation of Whaling) - failure to keep returns, records, reports. 16 U.S.C. § 957(e): (Tuna Conventions) - violations; fines and forfeitures (as applied only to first violation; $5,000 penalty for subsequent violations). 16 U.S.C. § 3373: (Illegally Taken Fish and Wildlife) - Penalties and sanctions.

Title 17

17 U.S.C. § 407 (Copyrights) - Deposit of copies or phonorecords for Library of Congress.

17 U.S.C. § 506 (Copyrights) - Criminal offenses.

17 U.S.C. § 506 (Copyrights) - Criminal offenses.

Title 18

18 U.S.C. § 3: Accessory after the fact (One half of the maximum punishment).

18 U.S.C. §§ 7 & 13: Special Maritime and territorial jurisdiction & Laws of States adopted for areas within federal jurisdiction

Aircraft and Motor Vehicles

18 U.S.C. § 35(a): Aircraft and Motcr Vehicles - importing or conveying false information.

Animals, Birds, Fish and Plants

18 U.S.C. § 41: Hunting, fishing, trapping; disturbance or injury on wildlife refuges 18 U.S.C. § 42(5)(b): Importation or shipment of injurious mammals, birds, fish, amphibia and reptiles 18 U.S.C. § 43(a): Animal enterprise terrorism 18 U.S.C. § 46: Transportation of water hyacinths 18 U.S.C. § 47: Use of aircraft or motor vehicles to hunt certain wild horses or burrows; pollution of watering holes

Assault

18 U.S.C. § 111: Assaulting, resisting, or impeding certain officers or employees (simple). 18 U.S.C. § 112(b): Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons 18 U.S.C. § 113(a)(4-5): Assaults within maritime and territorial jurisdiction 18 U.S.C. § 115: Influencing, impeding, or retaliating against a federal official by threatening or injuring a family member (as punishable under 18 U.S.C. § 111).

Bankruptcy

18 U.S.C. § 154: Bankruptcy - adverse interest and conduct of referees and other officers. 18 U.S.C. § 155: Fee Agreements in cases under title 11 and receiverships 18 U.S.C. § 156: Knowing disregard of bankruptcy law or rule

Bribery, Graft, and Conflicts of Interest

18 U.S.C. § 201(c): Bribery of public officials and witnesses (A two year offense. However, accessory after the fact would

constitute a misdemeanor) 18 U.S.C. §§ 203-205, 207-209: These bribery and graft crimes provide for misdemeanors where the defendant “engages” in the conduct versus “willfully engages.”

18 U.S.C. § 210: Offer to procure appointive public office

18 U.S.C. § 211: Acceptance or solicitation to obtain appointive public office

18 U.S.C. § 212: Offer of loan or gratuity to bank examiner

18 U.S.C. § 213: Acceptance of loan or gratuity by bank examiner

18 U.S.C. § 214: Offer for procurement of federal reserve bank loan and discount of commercial paper

18 U.S.C. § 215: Receipt of commissions or gifts for procuring loans (under $1,000.00) 18 U.S.C. § 217: Acceptance of consideration for adjustment of farm indebtedness 18 U.S.C. § 219(a): Officers and employees acting as agents of foreign principals (A two year offense. However, accessory

after the fact would constitute a misdemeanor) 18 U.S.C. § 217: Acceptance of consideration for adjustment of farm indebtedness.

Child Support

18 U.S.C. § 228: Failure to pay legal child support obligations (first offense)

Civil Rights

18 U.S.C. §§ 242-248: These civil rights crimes provide for misdemeanors, dependent on the type of activity and the gravity of the injury, eg. whether the defendant causes bodily harm.

Claims and Services in Matters Affecting Government

18 U.S.C. § 288: False claims for postal losses 18 U.S.C. § 290: Discharge papers withheld by claim agent 18 U.S.C. § 291: Purchase of claims for fees by court officials (fine only) 18 U.S.C. § 292: Solicitation of employment and receipt of unapproved fees concerning federal employee’s compensation.

Coins and Currency

18 U.S.C. § 333: Mutilation of national bank obligations 18 U.S.C. § 336: Issuance of circulating obligations of less than $1 18 U.S.C. § 337: Coins as security for loans.

Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court Assassination, Kidnapping and Assault

18 U.S.C. § 351(e): Congressional, Cabinet, and Supreme Court Assassination, Kidnapping and Assault; penalties (simple assault)

Conspiracy

18 U.S.C. § 371: Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud U.S. (if the offense, the commission of which is the object of the conspiracy, is a misdemeanor, otherwise, maximum fine may be as much as $10,000).

Contempts

18 U.S.C. § 402: Contempts constituting crimes 18 U.S.C. § 403: Protection of the privacy of child victims and child witnesses crimes.

Contracts

18 U.S.C. § 435: U.S. employee making contracts in excess of specific appropriation. 18 U.S.C. § 438: Whoever receives money contrary to 25 U.S.C. 81,82 for Indian contracts generally. 18 U.S.C. § 439: (Receipt of money, etc.)- on Indian enrollment contracts.

18 U.S.C. § 440: Mail Contracts 18 U.S.C. § 441: Postal Supply contracts. 18 U.S.C. § 442: (Illegal interest in) printing contracts.

Counterfeiting and Forgery

18 U.S.C. § 475: Imitating obligations or securities; advertisements (of U.S.) 18 U.S.C. § 480: Possessing counterfeit foreign obligations or securities. 18 U.S.C. § 483: Uttering counterfeit foreign banknotes. 18 U.S.C. § 489: Making or possessing likeness of coins. 18 U.S.C. § 491: Tokens or paper used as money. 18 U.S.C. § 492: (Custody or control) - forfeiture of counterfeit paraphernalia. 18 U.S.C. § 498: Military or navel discharge papers 18 U.S.C. § 510: Forging endorsements on Treasury checks or bonds or securities of the united states (less than $1,000.00) 18 U.S.C. § 511A: Unauthorized application of theft prevention decal or device.

Customs

(Two year offenses. However, accessory after the fact would constitute a misdemeanor) Elections and Political Activities 18 U.S.C. § 594: Intimidating voters 18 U.S.C. § 595: Interference by administrative employees of Federal, State, or Territorial Governments. 18 U.S.C. § 596: Polling armed forces. 18 U.S.C. § 597: Expenditures to influence voting 18 U.S.C. § 598: (Elections) - coercion by means of relief appropriations 18 U.S.C. § 599: Promise of appointment of candidate (Two years if willful.) 18 U.S.C. § 600: Promise of employment or other benefit for political activity 18 U.S.C. § 601: Deprivation of employment or other benefit for political contribution 18 U.S.C. § 604: Solicitation from persons on relief (for political activity). 18 U.S.C. § 605: Disclosure of names of persons on relief. 18 U.S.C. § 611: Voting by Aliens

Embezzlement and Theft

18 U.S.C. § 641: (Embezzlement, etc.) - Public money, property or records (if not in excess of $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 643: (Embezzlement) - Accounting generally for public money (if does not exceed $1,000).

18 U.S.C. § 644: (Embezzlement) - Banker receiving unauthorized deposit of public money (if not in excess or $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 645: (Embezzlement) - Court officers generally (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 646: (Embezzlement) - Court officers depositing registry moneys (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 647: (Embezzlement) - Receiving loan from court officer (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 648: (Embezzlement) - Custodians, generally, misusing public funds (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 649: (Embezzlement) - Custodians failing to deposit moneys (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 650: (Embezzlement) - Depositories failing to safeguard deposits (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 651: Disbursing officer falsely certifying full-payment . (if amount does not exceed $1,000) 18 U.S.C. § 652: Disbursing officer paying lesser in lieu of lawful amount (if amount does not exceed $1,000. 18 U.S.C. § 653: Disbursing officer misusing public fund (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 654: Officer or employee of U.S. converting property of another (if does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 655: Theft by bank examiner (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 656: Theft, embezzlement, or misapplication by bank officer or employee (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 657: (Embezzlement) - Lending, credit and insurance institutions. (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 658: (Fraud, etc.) - Property mortgaged or pledged to farm, credit agencies (if amount does not exceed $1,000).

18 U.S.C. § 659: (Embezzlement, etc.) - Interstate OK foreign baggage express or freight (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 661: (Steals, etc. personal property of another) - within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction (if value does not exceed $1,000).

18 U.S.C. § 662: Receiving stolen property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction (if property does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 665: Theft or embezzlement from employment and training funds; improper inducement; obstruction of
investigations (if property does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 669: Theft or embezzlement in connection with health care (if sum does not exceed $100)

Emblems, Insignia, and Names

18 U.S.C. § 700: Desecration of the flag 18 U.S.C. § 701: (Mfg., sells, possesses) - official badges, identification cards, other insignia. 18 U.S.C. § 702: (Unlawful wearing, etc.) - uniform of armed forces and public health service. 18 U.S.C. § 703: (Unlawful wearing, etc.) - uniform of a friendly nation. 18 U.S.C. § 704: (Unlawful wearing, etc.) - military medals or decorations. 18 U.S.C. § 705: (Unlawful mfg., possessing, etc.) ,- badge or medal of veterans' organizations. 18 U.S.C. § 706: (Unlawful wearing,' etc.) - sign, insignia of Red Cross.

18 U.S.C. § 707: 4-H Club emblem fraudulently used. 18 U.S.C. § 708: (Unlawful use, etc.) - Swiss Confederation Coat of Arms. 18 U.S.C. § 709: False advertising or misuse of names to indicate Federal agency. 18 U.S.C. § 710: (Unlawful use, etc.) - cremation urns for military use. 18 U.S.C. § 711: (Unlawful use, etc.) - "Smokey Bear" character or name. 18 U.S.C. § 711a: (Unlawful use, etc.) - "Woodsy Owl" character, name or slogan.. 18 U.S.C. § 712: Misuse of names by collecting agencies or private detective agencies to indicate Federal Agency. 18 U.S.C. § 713: (Unlawful use, etc.) - Presidential Seal, congressional seals 18 U.S.C. § 715: (Unlawful use, etc.) - "Golden Eagle Insignia”

Escape and Rescue

18 U.S.C. § 751(a)(b): (Escape) - Prisoners in custody of institution or officer (if held on misdemeanor). 18 U.S.C. § 752(a)(b): Instigating or assisting escape from Federal Officers (if held on charge of misdemeanor). 18 U.S.C. § 755: Officer (negligently) permitting escape.

Espionage and Censorship

18 U.S.C. § 795: Photographing and sketching defense installations. 18 U.S.C. § 796: Use of aircraft for photographing defense installations 18 U.S.C. § 797: Publication and sale of photographs of defense installations. 18 U.S.C. § 799: Violations of NASA regulations Explosives, etc. 18 U.S.C. § 836: Transportation of fireworks into State prohibiting sale or use. 18 U.S.C. § 844(b): Certain § 842 violations

Extortions and Threats

18 U.S.C. § 872: Extortion by officers or employees of U.S. (if amount does not exceed $100). 18 U.S.C. § 873: Blackmail 18 U.S.C. § 875: Interstate Communications (Two year statute. Accessory after the fact may make it a misdemeanor.) 18 U.S.C. § 876: Mailing threatening communications (Two year statute. Accessory after the fact may make it a misdemeanor.) 18 U.S.C. § 877: Mailing threatening communications from foreign country (Two year statute. Accessory after the fact may make it a misdemeanor.)

False Impersonation

18 U.S.C. § 916: (Defrauds, etc.) - 4-H Club Members or Agents.

18 U.S.C. § 917: (Defrauds, represents, etc.) - Red Cross Members or Agents.

Firearms

18 U.S.C. §§ 924: Penalties: False statements by dealers, violations of § 922(m), 922(q), 922(s), 922(t), and 922(x). 18 U.S.C. § 930: Possession of firearms and dangerous weapons in Federal Facilities.

Foreign Relations

18 U.S.C. § 961: (Aids, etc.) - Strengthening armed vessel of foreign nation.

Fraud and False Statements

18 U.S.C. § 1003: (Fraudulent, etc.) - Demands against the U.S. (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 1012: (False, etc.) - HUD transactions. 18 U.S.C. § 1013: (False, etc.) - Farm loan bonds and credit bank debentures. 18 U.S.C. § 1016: Acknowledgment of appearance or oath (Two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1018: (False statements, etc.) - Official certificates or writings. 18 U.S.C. § 1024: Purchase or receipt of military, naval, or veteran’s facilities property (Two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1025: False pretenses on high seas and other waters (if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 1026: (False statement, etc.) - Compromise, adjustment and cancellation of farm indebtedness. 18 U.S.C. § 1028(b)(6): Certain Identification fraud. 18 U.S.C. § 1030(c)(2)(A): Certain Computer fraud

Gambling

18 U.S.C. § 1082: (Gambling Ships). (Two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1083: (Gambling). - Transportation between shore and ship.

Indians

18 U.S.C. § 1154: (First offense) - Intoxicants dispensed in Indian country. 18 U.S.C. § 1156: (First offense) - Intoxicants possessed in Indian country. 18 U.S.C. § 1163: Embezzlement and theft from Indian tribal organizations

(if amount does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 1164: Destroying (Indian) boundary and warning signs. 18 U.S.C. § 1165: Hunting, trapping, or fishing on Indian land. 18 U.S.C. § 1167: Theft from gaming establishments on Indian Land (sum less than $1,000) 18 U.S.C. § 1168: Theft by officers or employees of gaming establishments on Indian Land (sum less than $1,000) 18 U.S.C. § 1169: Reporting Child Abuse. 18 U.S.C. § 1170: Illegally trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural items (first offense)

Liquor Traffic

18 U.S.C. § 1262: Transportation (liquor, etc.) into State prohibiting sale. 18 U.S.C. § 1263: (Misrepresented, etc.) - marks and labels on packages (liquor). 18 U.S.C. § 1264: (Unlawful) - Delivery to consignee (liquor). 18 U.S.C. § 1265: (Unlawful) - C.O.D. Shipments (liquor).

Lotteries

18 U.S.C. § 1301: Importing or transporting lottery tickets (a two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1302: Mailing lottery tickets (a two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1303: Postmaster or employee as lottery agent. 18 U.S.C. § 1304: Broadcasting lottery information 18 U.S.C. § 1306: Participation by financial institutions

Malicious mischief

18 U.S.C. § 1361: (Malicious mischief) - Government property or contracts (if damage does not exceed $1,000).

Military and Navy

18 U.S.C. § 1382: Entering military, Naval, or Coast Guard property. 18 U.S.C. § 1384: Prostitution near military and naval establishments. 18 U.S.C. § 1385: Using Army or Navy as pose comitatus. (A two year offense)

Obscenity

18 U.S.C. § 1460: Possession with intent to sell on federal land (A two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1464: Broadcasting obscene language (A two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1468: Distributing obscene material by cable or subscription TV (A two year offense)

Obstruction of Justice

18 U.S.C. § 1501: Assault on Process Server. 18 U.S.C. § 1502: Resistence to extradition agent. 18 U.S.C. § 1503: Influencing or injuring officer or juror. (if offense being prosecuted was a misdemeanor) 18 U.S.C. § 1504: Influencing juror by writing. 18 U.S.C. § 1507: Picketing or parading 18 U.S.C. § 1508: Recording, listening to, or observing proceedings of grad or petit juries while deliberating or voting 18 U.S.C. § 1507: Obstruction of Court Orders 18 U.S.C. § 1512(c): Tampering (harassing) witness, victim or informant 18 U.S.C. § 1507: Retaliating against witness, victim or informant in a misdemeanor case.

Postal Service

18 U.S.C. § 1693: (Postal Service) - Carriage of mail generally. 18 U.S.C. § 1694: (Postal Service) - Carriage of matter out of mail over post routes. 18 U.S.C. § 1695: (Postal Service) - Carriage of matter out of mail on vessels. 18 U.S.C. § 1696: (Postal Service) - Private express for letters and packets. 18 U.S.C. § 1697: (Postal Service) - Transportation cf persons acting as private express. 18 U.S.C. § 1698: (Postal Service) - Prompt delivery of mail from vessel. 18 U.S.C. § 1699: (Postal Service) - Certification of delivery from vessel. 18 U.S.C. § 1700: Desertion of mails. 18 U.S.C. § 1701: Obstruction of mails generally. 18 U.S.C. § 1703(b), (c): Delay or destruction of mail or newspapers (employee). 18 U.S.C. § 1707: Theft of property used by postal service (if value does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 1710: (Postal Service) - Theft of newspapers. 18 U.S.C. § 1711: Misappropriation of Postal funds (if value does not exceed $1,000). 18 U.S.C. § 1713: Issuance of money orders without payment 18 U.S.C. § 1716: (Postal Service, Certain -) - Injurious articles as non-mailable (without intent to kill). 18 U.S.C. § 1716A: Nonmailable locksmithing devises and motor vehicle master keys 18 U.S.C. § 1716B: Nonmailable Plants 18 U.S.C. § 1716C: Forged agricultural certificates 18 U.S.C. § 1716D: Nonmailable injurious animals , plants illegally taken fish, animals and plants 18 U.S.C. § 1718 (Postal Service) - Libelous matters on wrappers or envelopes. 18 U.S.C. § 1719 (Misuse) - Franking privilege 18 U.S.C. § 1720 (Misuse of - if not postal employee) - Cancelled stamps and envelopes. 18 U.S.C. § 1721: Sale or pledge of stamps. 18 U.S.C. § 1722:(Postal Service) - False evidence to secure second-class rate 18 U.S.C. § 1723:(Postal Service) - Avoidance of postage by using lower class matter 18 U.S.C. § 1725:(Postal Service) - Postage unpaid on deposited mail matter. 18 U.S.C. § 1726: Postage collected unlawfully. 18 U.S.C. § 1729: Post Office conducted without authority. 18 U.S.C. § 1730: (Postal Service unlawful wearing) - uniforms of carriers 18 U.S.C. § 1731:(Postal Service) - Vehicles falsely labeled as carriers. 18 U.S.C. § 1732:(Postal Service) - Approval of Bonds or sureties by postmaster. 18 U.S.C. § 1733:(Postal Service) - Mailing periodicals without prepayment of postage 18 U.S.C. § 1734:(Postal Service) - Editorials and other matters as "advertisements 18 U.S.C. § 1738:(Postal Service) - Mailing private identification documents without disclaimers

Presidential and Presidential Staff Assassination, Kidnapping and Assault

18 U.S.C. § 1751: Simple assault on staff 18 U.S.C. § 1752: Temporary residences and offices -trespass and disruption

Prison Made Goods

18 U.S.C. § 1761: (Unlawful) - Transportation or importation (Two year offense). 18 U.S.C. § 1762: (Prison-made goods) - marking packages

Prisons

18 U.S.C. § 1791: Providing or possessing contraband (Certain items)

Professions and Occupations

18 U.S.C. § 1821:(Unlawful) - Transportation of dentures.

Public Lands

18 U.S.C. § 1851:(Public Lands) - Coal depredations.

18 U.S.C. § 1852:(Public Lands) - Timber removed or transported

18 U.S.C. § 1853:(Public Lands) - Trees cut or injured.

18 U.S.C. § 1854: (Public Lands) - Trees, boxed for pitch or turpentine.

18 U.S.C. § 1856:(Public Lands) - Fires left unattended and unextinguished.

18 U.S.C. § 1857:(Public Lands) - Fences destroyed; livestock entering

18 U.S.C. § 1858:(Public Lands) - Survey marks destroyed or removed

18 U.S.C. § 1860:(Public Lands) - Bids at land sales.

18 U.S.C. § 1861:(Public Lands) - Deception of prospective purchasers

18 U.S.C. § 1863:(Public Lands) - Trespass on National forest lands.

18 U.S.C. § 1864: Hazardous or injurious devises on Federal lands (certain offenses). Public Officers and Employees

18 U.S.C. § 1901:(Public Employees) - Collecting or disbursing officer trading in public property 18 U.S.C. § 1903:(Public Employees) - Speculation in stocks or commodities affecting crop insurance (A two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1905:(Public Employees) - Disclosure of confidential information generally 18 U.S.C. § 1906: Disclosure of information from bank examination report 18 U.S.C. § 1907: Disclosure of information from farm credit examiner 18 U.S.C. § 1909: Examiner providing other services 18 U.S.C. § 1911: Receiver mismanaging property 18 U.S.C. § 1912: Unauthorized fees for inspection of vessels. 18 U.S.C. § 1913: Lobbying with appropriated moneys 18 U.S.C. § 1915: Compromise of customs liabilities ( a two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 1916: Unauthorized employment and disposition of lapsed appointments 18 U.S.C. § 1917: Interference with civil service examinations 18 U.S.C. § 1918: Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike against the government (One year and a day) 18 U.S.C. § 1919: False statement to obtain unemployment compensation for federal service 18 U.S.C. § 1920: False statement or fraud to obtain federal employee’s compensation 18 U.S.C. § 1921: Receiving Federal Employee’s compensation after marriage 18 U.S.C. § 1922: False or withheld report concerning Federal employee’s compensation 18 U.S.C. § 1923: Fraudulent receipt of payments of missing persons 18 U.S.C. § 1924: Unauthorized removal and retention of classified documents or material

Railroads

18 U.S.C. § 1991: Entering train to commit (certain) crimes

Records and Reports

18 U.S.C. § 2074: False weather reports. 18 U.S.C. § 2075: Officer failing to make returns or reports. 18 U.S.C. § 2076: (Failing to make reports) - Clerk of U.S. District Court.

Robbery and Burglary

18 U.S.C. § 2113(b): Bank robbery and incidental crimes (if does not exceed $1,000).

Seamen and Stowaways

18 U.S.C. § 2194: Shanghaiing sailors. 18 U.S.C. § 2195: Abandonment of sailors. 18 U.S.C. § 2196: Drunkenness or neglect of duty by seamen. 18 U.S.C. § 2199: Stowaways.

Searches and seizures

18 U.S.C. § 2233: Rescue of seized property (a two year offense) 18 U.S.C. § 2234: Authority exceeded in executing warrant 18 U.S.C. § 2235: Search warrant procured maliciously 18 U.S.C. § 2236: Searches without warrant

Sexual Abuse

18 U.S.C. § 2243(b): Sexual abuse of a ward 18 U.S.C. § 2244a)(4) & (b): Abusive sexual contact

Sexual Exploitation of children

18 U.S.C. § 2258: Failure to report child abuse

Shipping

18 U.S.C. § 2277: Explosives or dangerous weapons aboard vessels. 18 U.S.C. § 2278: Explosives on vessels carrying steerage passengers. 18 U.S.C. § 2279: Boarding vessels before arrival.

Stolen Property

18 U.S.C. § 2319: Criminal infringement of a copyright (less than $2,500.00)

Stored Wire and Electronic Communications and Transactional Records Access

18 U.S.C. § 2701(b)(2): Unlawful access to stored communications

Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from state motor vehicle records

18 U.S.C. § 2723(a): Penalties

Pen Registers and Trap and Trace devices

18 U.S.C. § 3121(d): General prohibition on Pen Registers and Trap and Trace device use.

Release and Detention

18 U.S.C. § 3164(b): Penalty for failure to appear on a misdemeanor charge or material witness bond. 18 U.S.C. § 3167: Penalty for a misdemeanor committed while on release on a misdemeanor

Title 19

19 U.S.C. § 81s: (Customs Duties) - offenses. 19 U.S.C. § 1341(b): (Tariff Commission, interference) - penalty. 19 U.S.C. § 1436: (Customs Duties) - Penalties for violations of arrival, reporting, entry, and clearance requirements. 19 U.S.C. § 1454: (Vessels) - Unloading of passengers; penalty. 19 U.S.C. § 1497: (Customs) - Penalties for failure to declare.

19 U.S.C. § 1510: (Customs) - Judicial enforcement. 19 U.S.C. § 1584: (Customs) - Falsity or lack of manifest; penalties. 19 U.S.C. § 1595a: (Customs) - Forfeitures and other penalties.

Title 21

21 U.S.C. § 23: (Apples - commerce) -penalty for violations. 21 U.S.C. § 63: (Filled milk) - penalty for violations of law. 21 U.S.C. § 122: (Livestock - diseases) - offense; penalty. 21 U.S.C. § 134e: (Livestock - diseases - regulations) - penalties. 21 U.S.C. § 158: (Viruses, serums, etc.) - offenses; punishment. 21 U.S.C. § 212: (Practice of Pharmacy and Sale of Poisons in Consular Districts of China) - Offenses; punishment. 21 U.S.C. § 333: (Food and Drugs) - penalties (only on first conviction). 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(3): (Food and Drugs) - Manufacturing, distributing, possessing with intent to distribute Schedule

V controlled substances. 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(4): (Food and Drugs) - Distributing small amount of marihuana for no remuneration. 21 U.S.C. § 842(c)(2)(A): (Food and Drugs) - Dispensing violations. 21 U.S.C. § 844: (Food and Drugs) - Simple possession. 21 U.S.C. § 844a: (Food and Drugs) - Simple possession: Civil Penalty . 21 U.S.C. § 961: (Food and Drugs) - Shipment violations under § 954.

Title 26

26 U.S.C. § 5603(b): (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - failure to keep certain records. 26 U.S.C. § 5606: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty relating to containers of distilled spirits. 26 U.S.C. § 5661(b): (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty and forfeiture for violation of laws,

regulations relating to wine, other offenses. 26 U.S.C. § 5662: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty for alteration of wine labels. 26 U.S.C. § 5672: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty for failure of brewers to comply with requirements and failure to keep records and file returns. 26 U.S.C. § 5674: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty for unlawful production or removal of beer. 26 U.S.C. § 5675:(Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty for intentional removal or defacement of brewers' marks and brand. 26 U.S.C. § 5681(a): (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Failure to post required sign. 26 U.S.C. § 5681(b): (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Posting or displaying false sign. 26 U.S.C. § 5681(c): (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Premises where no sign is placed or kept.

26 U.S.C. § 5683: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty and forfeiture for removal of liquors under improper brands. 26 U.S.C. § 5687: (Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Excise Taxes) - Penalty for offenses not specifically covered. 26 U.S.C. § 5762(b): (Tobacco) - Criminal penalties - other offenses. 26 U.S.C. § 7203: (Taxation) - Willful Failure to file return, supply information, or pay tax 26 U.S.C. § 7204: (Taxation) - Fraudulent statement or failure to make statement to employees. 26 U.S.C. § 7205: (Taxation) - Fraudulent withholding exemption certificate or failure to supply information. 26 U.S.C. § 7207: (Taxation) - Fraudulent returns, statements, or other documents. 26 U.S.C. § 7209: (Taxation) - Unauthorized use or sale of stamps. 26 U.S.C. § 7210: (Taxation) - Failure to obey summons. 26 U.S.C. § 7211: (Taxation) - False statements to purchasers or lessees relating to tax. 26 U.S.C. § 7212: (Taxation) - Attempts to interfere with administration of internal revenue laws (threats only) 26 U.S.C. § 7213(b): (Taxation) - Unauthorized disclosure of information. 26 U.S.C. § 7213A: (Taxation) - Unauthorized inspection of returns or return information 26 U.S.C. § 7214(b): (Taxation) - Interest of Internal Revenue officer or employee in tobacco or liquor production. 26 U.S.C. § 7215: (Taxation) - Offenses with respect to collected taxes 26 U.S.C. § 7216: (Taxation) - Disclosure or use of information by preparers of returns 26 U.S.C. § 7261: (Taxation) - Representation that retailers' excise tax is excluded from price of article. 26 U.S.C. § 7268: (Taxation) - Possession with intent to sell in fraud of law or to evade tax. 26 U.S.C. § 7271: (Taxation) - Penalties for offenses relating to stamps (taxation). 26 U.S.C. § 7272: (Taxation) - Penalty for failure to register. 26 U.S.C. § 7273: (Taxation) - Penalties for offenses relating to special taxes. 26 U.S.C. § 7342: (Taxation) - Penalty for refusal to permit entry or examination (taxation).

Title 27

276 U.S.C. § 207: (Intoxicating Liquors) - Penalties. 26 U.S.C. § 208(d): (Intoxicating Liquors) - Interlocking directorates.

Title 29

29 U.S.C. § 530: (Labor) - Deprivation of rights by violence; penalty. 29 U.S.C. § 1844: (Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection) - Criminal sanctions]

Title 30

30 U.S.C. § 820(d): (Mine Safety and Health) - Criminal penalties.

30 U.S.C. § 820(e): (Mine Safety and Health) - Unauthorized advance notice of inspections.

Title 33

33 U.S.C. § 2072: (Navigation) - Violations of Inland Navigational Rules; civil penalties. 33 U.S.C. § 421: (Navigation) - Deposit of refuse, etc.; in Lake Michigan near Chicago. 33 U.S.C. § 443: (Navigation) - Permit for dumping;. penalty for taking or towing boat or scow without permit. 33 U.S.C. § 445: (Navigation) - Equipment and marking of boats or scows. 33 U.S.C. § 447: (Navigation) - Bribery of inspector; penalty. 33 U.S.C. § 448: (Navigation) - Return of permit; penalty for failure to return. 33 U.S.C. § 449: (Navigation) - Disposition of dredged matter; persons liable; penalty. 33 U.S.C. § 452: (Navigation) - Taking shellfish or otherwise interfering with navigation in New York Harbor channels; penalty. 33 U.S.C. § 938: (Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers Compensation) - Penalty for failure to secure payment of compensation. 33 U.S.C. § 1236: (Ports and Waterways Safety Program) - Penalties for violations of regulations.

Title 36

36 U.S.C. § 181: (Service Flags and lapel buttons) - approved by Secretary of Defense; license to manufacture and sell; penalties.

Title 38

38 U.S.C. § 1987: (National Service Life Insurance) - Penalties.

Title 40

40 U.S.C. § 193(h): (U.S. Capitol) - prosecution and punishment of offenses. 40 U.S.C. § 193(s): (Smithsonian Institution) - prosecution and punishment (if does not exceed $100). 40 U.S.C. § 332: (Hours of Labor on Public Works) - Violations; penalties.

Title 42

42 U.S.C. § 262: (Public Health) - Regulation of biological products, penalties for offenses. 42 U.S.C. § 271(a): (Public Health) - Penalties for violation of quarantine laws. 42 U.S.C. § 1307(a): (Social Security Act) - Penalty for fraud. 42 U.S.C. § 1713: (Compensation for injury, death, or detention of employees of contractors with the U.S. outside the U.S.) - Fraud; penalties. 42 U.S.C. § 1714: (Compensation for injury, death, or detention of employees of contractors with the U.S. outside the U.S.)-Legal services. 42 U.S.C. § 1974: (Federal Election Records) - penalty for violation. 42 U.S.C. § 1995: (Civil Rights) - Criminal contempt proceedings - penalties.

42 U.S.C. § 2000e-10: (Equal Employment Opportunity) - Posting of notices; penal&es. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5: (Equal Employment Opportunity) - Enforcement provisions, penalties. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-8: (Equal Employment Opportunity) - Prohibited disclosures; penalties. 42 U.S.C. § 2278(a): (Atomic Energy) - Trespass upon Commission installations. 42 U.S.C. § 2278b: (Atomic Energy Act) - Photographing, etc., of Commission Installations; penalty.

Title 43

43 U.S.C. § 315a: (Grazing Lands) - Protection, administration,. regulation, and improvement of district; rules and regulations; offenses.

43 U.S.C. § 1064: (Unlawful inclosures or occupancy; obstructing settlement or transit) - violations of chapter; punishment.

Title 45

45 U.S.C. § 60: (Railroads, liability for injuries to employees) - penalty for suppression of voluntary information incident to accidents.

Title 46

46 U.S.C. § 59: (Shipping) - Penalty for neglect by officers. 46 U.S.C. § 163: (Shipping) - Regulations as TV boarding arriving vessels before inspection. 46 U.S.C. § 251: (Vessels of United States) - penalties (fish). 46 U.S.C. § 316: Towing U.S. vessels; fines and penalties. 46 U.S.C. § 319: (Shipping) - fine for trading without license 46 U.S.C. § 321: (Shipping) - penalty for illegal enrollment or license. 46 U.S.C. § 322: (Shipping) - penalty for malfeasance. 46 U.S.C. § 323: (Shipping) - penalty for forgery and alteration. 46 U.S.C. § 324: (Shipping) - penalty for obstructing officers. 46 U.S.C. § 355: (Passports and papers of vessels engaged in Foreign commerce) - penalty for failure. 46 U.S.C. § 738(c): (Shipping) - speed of vessel in ice region; penalty. 46 U.S.C. § 883a: (Merchant Marine Act) - penalty for failure to report. 46 U.S.C. § 3318(a): (Shipping) - Inspection Generally: penalties. 46 U.S.C. § 3502(e): (Shipping) - List or count of passengers. 46 U.S.C. § 6103: (Shipping) - Reporting Marine Casualties: Penalty. 46 U.S.C. § 8102: (Shipping) - Manning of Vessels: Watchmen. 46 U.S.C. § 8103(f): (Shipping) - Manning of Vessels: Citizenship and Naval Reserve requirements. 46 U.S.C. § 8702(e): (Shipping) - Unlicenced Personnel: Certain crew requirements.

46 U.S.C. § 10321: (Shipping) - Foreign and Intercoastal Voyages: General penalty. 46 U.S.C. § 10711: (Shipping) - Effects of Deceased Seamen: Penalties. 46 U.S.C. § 11102: (Shipping) - Protection and Relief: Medicine chests. 46 U.S.C. § 11104: (Shipping) - Protection and Relief: Destitute seamen.

Title 47

47 U.S.C. § 22: (Submarine Cable) - negligent injury to; punishment. 47 U.S.C. § 24: (Submarine Cable) - vessels laying cables; signals; avoidance of buoys. 47 U.S.C. § 25: (Submarine Cable) - fishing vessels; duty to keep nets from. cables. 47 U.S.C. § 502: (Wire and radio) - violation of rules and regulations. 47 U.S.C. § 507: (Wire and radio) - violation of Great Lakes Agreement.

Title 49

49 U.S.C. § 11901: (Rail) - General civil penalties. 49 U.S.C. § 11904: (Rail) - Unlawful disclosure of information. 49 U.S.C. § 46316: (Aviation Programs) - General criminal penalty when specific penalty not provided. 49 U.S.C. § 47306: (International Facilities) Criminal Penalty.

Title 50

Append. 473: (Department of Defense) - regulations governing liquor, sales; penalties. Append. 530: Eviction of distress during military service; stay; penalty for noncompliance. Append. 535: (Soldiers and Sailors' Civil Relief Act) - Protection of assignor of life insurance policy; enforcement of storage liens; penalties.

David Finn