Paranormal Experiences

it left at 7,600 miles per hour...

2008-10-20T06:46:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones…the Divine Entity which created our universe does not sit on a throne and have a beard….

The Divine Entity which created our universe is beyond our comprehension…

The Divine Entity which created our universe does all this with what we label unconditional love

…you know the feeling a mum has for her son…the feeling a daughter has for her daddy…

Loved Ones…the Divine Entity who created this universe is not Our Lord Jesus the Christ….

Our Lord Jesus the Christ is a master teacher who incarnated here to help us learn all our lessons about unconditional love…

Loved ones….the location within this our present universe where the greatest amount of learning about unconditional love is here…right here ….on planet earth…or another way to say it is right here is the location where people know the least about unconditional love…

That is why we have conflicts and greed so rampant…

why the rich get richer and the poor get the shaft…

why so called religions manipulate people and promote fear of hell…

why Americans build bigger and bigger designs for destruction of peoples

and why the broadcast media use hypnotic techniques combined with fear while directed by elite surveillance techniques to keep you under full control…

Loved Ones…other incarnates more loving than earth pilgrims ….other entities who live on other planets are more loving than us….are fully acquainted with an understanding of what unconditional love is and why it is“ENERGY”…

Energy is energy…

and all energy comes from our Divine Source…Mother and Father God….unconditional love energy created you…your earth and all that is or ever will exist…

Mother and Father God created the frogs…the trees…the clouds…and countless other life forms throughout this our universe…

So…it is most true…we are not alone…and yes…we are the least loving of all those created….as a result those others….those who we call aliens…or ultraterrestrials are more understanding of “UNCONDITIONAL LOVE”…and generally do not come here or near us as this is not a nice place.

Loved Ones…read the following and understand we are all here to learn to love one another…

for each of us to learn about the divine energy….unconditional love.

LONDON (Reuters) – Two U.S. fighter planes were scrambled and ordered to shoot down an unidentified flying object (UFO) over the English countryside during the Cold War, according to secret files made public on Monday.

One pilot said he was seconds away from firing 24 rockets at the object, which moved erratically and gave a radar reading like "a flying aircraft carrier."

The pilot, Milton Torres, now 77 and living in Miami, said it spent periods motionless in the sky before reaching estimated speeds of more than 7,600 mph (12,000 kph).

After the alert, a shadowy figure told Torres he must never talk about the incident and he duly kept silent for more than 30 years.

His story was among dozens of UFO sightings in defense ministry files released at the National Archives in London.

In a written account, Torres described how he scrambled his F-86 D Sabre jet in calm weather from the Royal Air Force base at Manston, Kent in May 1957.

"I was only a lieutenant and very much aware of the gravity of the situation. I felt very much like a one-legged man in an ass-kicking contest," he said.
"The order came to fire a salvo of rockets at the UFO. The authentication was valid and I selected 24 rockets.

"I had a lock-on that had the proportions of a flying aircraft carrier," he added. "The larger the airplane, the easier the lock-on. This blip almost locked itself."

At the last moment, the object disappeared from the radar screen and the high-speed chase was called off.

He returned to base and was debriefed the next day by an unnamed man who "looked like a well-dressed IBM salesman."

"He threatened me with a national security breach if I breathed a word about it to anyone," he said.

The documents contain no official explanation for the incident, which came at a time of heightened tension between the West and the Soviet Union. Planes were on constant stand-by at British bases for a possible Soviet attack.
The files blame other UFO sightings on weather balloons, clouds or normal aircraft. Torres said he had been waiting 50 years for an explanation.

"I shall never forget it," he told the Times. "On that night I was ordered to open fire even before I had taken off. That had never happened before."

UFO expert David Clarke said the sighting may have been part of a secret U.S. project to create phantom aircraft on radar screens to test Soviet air defenses.
"Perhaps what this pilot had seen was some kind of experiment in electronic warfare or maybe it was a UFO," he said. "Something very unusual happened.

Loved Ones…if aliens desired to eliminate us…they would have…even as we aim our weapons at them…for no reason….they (aliens) make all efforts to avoid conflict…as they really do understand that earth is a school….a school for mortals to learn about unconditional love.

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers,
Samuel Joseph Bell

www.angelicinfusional.com
www.ultraterrestrials.com

Edgar Mitchell UFO interview

2008-10-15T07:39:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones….go to Utube and listen to this…

on Kerrang Radio 23 july 2008

Aliens have contacted humans several times but governments have hidden the truth for 60 years, the sixth man to walk on the moon has claimed.

Apollo 14 astronaut Dr Edgar Mitchell, said he was aware of many UFO visits to Earth during his career with NASA but each one was covered up.

Dr Mitchell, 77, said during a radio interview that sources at the space agency who had had contact with aliens described the beings as 'little people who look strange to us.'

He said supposedly real-life ET's were similar to the traditional image of a small frame, large eyes and head.

Chillingly, he claimed our technology is 'not nearly as sophisticated' as theirs and "had they been hostile", he warned 'we would be been gone by now'.

Dr Mitchell, along with with Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard, holds the record for the longest ever moon walk, at nine hours and 17 minutes following their 1971 mission.

'I happen to have been privileged enough to be in on the fact that we've been visited on this planet and the UFO phenomena is real,' Dr Mitchell said.

'It's been well covered up by all our governments for the last 60 years or so, but slowly it's leaked out and some of us have been privileged to have been briefed on some of it.

UFO theorists believe Roswell in New Mexico was the site of an alien crash in 1947

'I've been in military and intelligence circles, who know that beneath the surface of what has been public knowledge, yes - we have been visited.

Reading the papers recently, it's been happening quite a bit.'

Dr Mitchell, who has a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a Doctor of Science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics claimed Roswell was real and similar alien visits continue to be investigated.

He told the astonished Kerrang! radio host Nick Margerrison: "This is really starting to open up. I think we're headed for real disclosure and some serious organisations are moving in that direction.'

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers,

Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com

Quantum Entanglement & Quantum Teleportation & Quantum Information
2008-09-16T17:00:00.000-07:00
Loved Ones…this is somewhat technical…however when science and spirituality advance together…then….we as a species advance…the world in which we live advances…

so …wade through this and understand…really…we all are one…and we are made in God’s Image

1. Quantum Entanglement
In 1935 and 1936, Schrödinger published a two-part article in the Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society in which he discussed and extended a remarkable argument by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument was, in many ways, the culmination of Einstein's critique of the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, and was designed to show that the theory is incomplete. (See the entries on the EPR argument and on the Copenhagen interpretation.)

In classical mechanics the state of a system is essentially a list of the system's properties — more precisely, it is the specification of a set of parameters from which the list of properties can be reconstructed: the positions and momenta of all the particles comprising the system (or similar parameters in the case of fields).

The dynamics of the theory specifies how properties change in terms of a law of evolution for the state. Pauli characterized this mode of description of physical systems as a ‘detached observer’ idealization. See Pauli's letter to Born in The Born-Einstein Letters (Born, 1992; p. 218).

On the Copenhagen interpretation, such a description is not possible for quantum systems. Instead, the quantum state of a system should be understood as a catalogue of what an observer has done to the system and what has been observed, and the import of the state then lies in the probabilities that can be inferred (in terms of the theory) for the outcomes of possible future observations on the system. Einstein rejected this view and proposed a series of arguments to show that the quantum state is simply an incomplete characterization of the system. The missing parameters are sometimes referred to as ‘hidden parameters’ or ‘hidden variables’ (although Einstein did not use this terminology, presumably because he did not want to endorse any particular ‘hidden variable’ theory).

It should not be supposed that Einstein's definition of a complete theory included the requirement that it be deterministic. Rather, he required certain conditions of separability and locality for composite systems consisting of separated component systems: each component system separately should be characterized by its own properties (even if these properties manifest themselves stochastically), and it should be impossible to alter the properties of a distant system instantaneously (or the probabilities of these properties) by acting on a local system.

In later analyses — notably in Bell's extension of the EPR argument — it became apparent that these conditions, suitably formulated as probability constraints, are equivalent to the requirement that statistical correlations between separated systems should be reducible to probability distributions over common causes (deterministic or stochastic) in the sense of Reichenbach. (See the entries on Bell's theorem and on Reichenbach's common cause principle.)

In the original EPR article, two particles are prepared from a source in a certain quantum state and then move apart. There are ‘matching’ correlations between both the positions of the two particles and their momenta: a measurement of either position or momentum on a particular particle will allow the prediction, with certainty, of the outcome of a position measurement or momentum measurement, respectively, on the other particle.

These measurements are mutually exclusive: either a position measurement can be performed, or a momentum measurement, but not both simultaneously. Either correlation can be observed, but the subsequent measurement of momentum, say, after establishing a position correlation, will no longer yield any correlation in the momenta of the two particles.

It is as if the position measurement disturbs the correlation between the momentum values.

The puzzle is that the quantum state of the particle pair is inconsistent with the assignment of labels to the particles separately that could be associated with appropriately correlated values for the outcomes of position and momentum measurements.

These labels would be the common causes of the correlations, and would provide an explanation of the correlations in terms of the initial correlations between the properties of the two systems at their source. EPR concluded that the quantum state was incomplete.

Here is how Schrödinger put the puzzle in the first part of his two-part article (Schrödinger, 1935; p. 559):
Yet since I can predict either x1 or p1 without interfering with the system No. 1 and since system No. 1, like a scholar in an examination, cannot possibly know which of the two questions I am going to ask first: it so seems that our scholar is prepared to give the right answer to the first question he is asked, anyhow. Therefore he must know both answers; which is an amazing knowledge; quite irrespective of the fact that after having given his first answer our scholar is invariably so disconcerted or tired out, that all the following answers are ‘wrong.’

What Schrödinger showed was that if two particles are prepared in a quantum state such that there is a matching correlation between two ‘canonically conjugate’ dynamical quantities — quantities like position and momentum whose values suffice to specify all the properties of a classical system — then there are infinitely many dynamical quantities of the two particles for which there exist similar matching correlations: every function of the canonically conjugate pair of the first particle matches with the same function of the canonically conjugate pair of the second particle.

Thus (Schrödinger, p. 559) system No. 1 ‘does not only know these two answers but a vast number of others, and that with no mnemotechnical help whatsoever, at least with none that we know of.’

Schrödinger coined the term ‘entanglement’ to describe this peculiar connection between quantum systems (Schrödinger, 1935; p. 555):

When two systems, of which we know the states by their respective representatives, enter into temporary physical interaction due to known forces between them, and when after a time of mutual influence the systems separate again, then they can no longer be described in the same way as before,

viz. by endowing each of them with a representative of its own. I would not call that one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from classical lines of thought.

By the interaction the two representatives [the quantum states] have become entangled.

He added (Schrödinger, 1935; p. 555):
Another way of expressing the peculiar situation is: the best possible knowledge of a whole does not necessarily include the best possible knowledge of all its parts, even though they may be entirely separate and therefore virtually capable of being ‘best possibly known,’ i.e., of possessing, each of them, a representative of its own.

The lack of knowledge is by no means due to the interaction being insufficiently known — at least not in the way that it could possibly be known more completely — it is due to the interaction itself.

Attention has recently been called to the obvious but very disconcerting fact that even though we restrict the disentangling measurements to one system, the representative obtained for the other system is by no means independent of the particular choice of observations which we select for that purpose and which by the way are entirely arbitrary.

It is rather discomforting that the theory should allow a system to be steered or piloted into one or the other type of state at the experimenter's mercy in spite of his having no access to it.

In the second part of the paper, Schrödinger showed that, in general, a sophisticated experimenter can, by a suitable choice of operations carried out on one system, ‘steer’ the second system into any chosen ‘mixture’ of quantum states.

That is, the second system cannot be steered into any particular state at the whim of the experimenter, but the experimenter can constrain the state into which the second system evolves to lie in any chosen set of states, with a probability distribution fixed by the entangled state.

He found this conclusion sufficiently unsettling to suggest that the entanglement between two separating systems would persist only for distances small enough that the time taken by light to travel from one system to the other could be neglected, compared with the characteristic time periods associated with other changes in the composite system.

He speculated that for longer distances each of the two systems might in fact be in a state associated with a certain mixture, determined by the precise form of the entangled state.

Most physicists attributed the puzzling features of entangled quantum states to Einstein's inappropriate ‘detached observer’ view of physical theory, and regarded Bohr's reply to the EPR argument (Bohr, 1935) as vindicating the Copenhagen interpretation.

This was unfortunate, because the study of entanglement was ignored for thirty years until John Bell's reconsideration and extension of the EPR argument (Bell, 1964). Bell looked at entanglement in simpler systems than the EPR case: matching correlations between two-valued dynamical quantities, such as polarization or spin, of two separated systems in an entangled state.

What Bell showed was that the statistical correlations between the measurement outcomes of suitably chosen different quantities on the two systems are inconsistent with an inequality derivable from Einstein's separability and locality assumptions — in effect from the assumption that the correlations have a common cause.

Bell's investigation generated an ongoing debate on the foundations of quantum mechanics.

One important feature of this debate was confirmation that entanglement can persist over long distances(see Aspect et al.), thus falsifying Schrödinger's supposition of the spontaneous decay of entanglement as two entangled particles separate.

But it was not until the 1980s that physicists, computer scientists, and cryptographers began to regard the non-local correlations of entangled quantum states as a new kind of non-classical resource that could be exploited, rather than an embarrassment to be explained away.

For further discussion of entanglement as a physical resource, including measuring entanglement, and the manipulation and purification of entanglement by local operations, see "The Joy of Entanglement" by Popescu and Rohrlich in Lo, Popescu, and Spiller (1998), or Nielsen and Chuang (2000).

2. Exploiting Entanglement: Quantum Teleportation
Consider again Schrödinger's realization that an entangled state could be used to steer a distant particle into one of a set of states, with a certain probability. In fact, this possibility of ‘remote steering’ is even more dramatic than Schrödinger demonstrated.

Suppose Alice and Bob share an entangled state of the sort considered by Bell, say two photons in an entangled state of polarization. That is, Alice has in her possession one of the entangled photons, and Bob the other. Suppose that Alice has an additional photon in an unknown state of polarization, u. It is possible for Alice to perform an operation on the two photons in her possession that will transform Bob's photon into one of four states, depending on the four possible (random) outcomes of Alice's operation: either the state u, or a state that is related to u in a definite way. Alice's operation entangles the two photons in her possession, and disentangles Bob's photon, steering it into a state u. After Alice communicates the outcome of her operation to Bob, Bob knows either that u = u, or how to transform u* to u by a local operation. This phenomenon is known as ‘quantum teleportation.’

What is extraordinary about this phenomenon is that Alice and Bob have managed to use their shared entangled state as a quantum communication channel to destroy the state u of a photon in Alice's part of the universe and recreate it in Bob's part of the universe.

Since the state of a photon requires specifying a direction in space (essentially the value of an angle that can vary continuously), without a shared entangled state Alice would have to convey an infinite amount of classical information to Bob for Bob to be able to reconstruct the state u precisely.

To see why this is so, consider that the decimal expansion of an angle variable represented by a real number is represented by a potentially infinite sequence of digits between 0 and 9. The binary expansion is represented by a potentially infinite sequence of 0's and 1's. Ever since Shannon formalized the notion of classical information, the amount of classical information associated with a binary alternative (represented as 0 or 1), where each alternative has equal a priori probability, is measured as one binary digit or ‘bit’. So to specify the value of an arbitrary angle variable requires an infinite number of bits. To specify the outcome of Alice's operation, which has four possible outcomes, with equal a priori probabilities, requires two bits of classical information. Remarkably, Bob can reconstruct the state u on the basis of just two bits of classical information communicated by Alice, apparently by exploiting the entangled state as a quantum communication channel to transfer the remaining information.

For further discussion of quantum teleportation, see Nielsen and Chuang (2000), or Richard Josza's article "Quantum Information and its Properties" in Lo, Popescu, and Spiller (1998).

3. Quantum Information
Formally, the amount of classical information we gain, on average, when we learn the value of a random variable (or, equivalently, the amount of uncertainty in the value of a random variable before we learn its value) is represented by a quantity called the Shannon entropy, measured in bits (Shannon and Weaver, 1949).

A random variable is defined by a probability distribution over a set of values. In the case of a binary random variable, with equal probability for each of the two possibilities, the Shannon entropy is 1 bit, representing maximal uncertainty. For all other probabilities — intuitively, representing some information about which alternative is more likely — the Shannon entropy is less than 1. For the case of maximal knowledge or zero uncertainty about the alternatives, where the probabilities are 0 and 1, the Shannon entropy is zero. (Note that the term ‘bit’ is used to refer to the basic unit of classical information in terms of Shannon entropy, and to an elementary two-state classical system considered as representing the possible outputs of an elementary classical information source.)

Since information is always embodied in the state of a physical system, we can also think of the Shannon entropy as quantifying the physical resources required to store classical information. Suppose Alice wishes to communicate some classical information to Bob over a classical communication channel such as a telephone line, say an email message. A relevant question concerns the extent to which the message can be compressed without loss of information, so that Bob can reconstruct the original message accurately from the compressed version. According to Shannon's source coding theorem or noiseless coding theorem (assuming a noiseless telephone line with no loss of information), the minimal physical resource required to represent the message (effectively, a lower bound on the possibility of compression) is given by the Shannon entropy of the source.

What happens if we use the quantum states of physical systems to store information, rather than classical states? It turns out that quantum information is radically different from classical information.

The unit of quantum information is the ‘qubit’, representing the amount of quantum information that can be stored in the state of the simplest quantum system, for example, the polarization state of a photon. The term is due to Schumacher (1995), who proved a quantum analogue of Shannon's noiseless coding theorem. (By analogy with the term ‘bit,’ the term ‘qubit’ refers to the basic unit of quantum information in terms of the von Neumann entropy, and to an elementary two-state quantum system considered as representing the possible outputs of an elementary quantum information source.)

As we have seen, an arbitrarily large amount of classical information can be encoded in a qubit. This information can be processed and communicated but, because of the peculiarities of quantum measurement, at most one bit can be accessed! According to a theorem by Holevo, the accessible information in a probability distribution over a set of alternative qubit states is limited by the von Neumann entropy, which is equal to the Shannon entropy only when the states are orthogonal in the space of quantum states, and is otherwise less than the Shannon entropy.

While classical information can be copied or cloned, the quantum ‘no cloning’ theorem (Dieks, 1982; Wootters and Zurek, 1982) asserts the impossibility of cloning an unknown quantum state. To see why, consider how we might construct a classical copying device. A NOT gate is a device that takes a bit as input and produces as output either a 1 if the input is 0, or a 0 if the input is 1. In other words, a NOT gate is a 1-bit gate that flips the input bit. A controlled-NOT gate, or CNOT gate, takes two bits as inputs, a control bit and a target bit, and flips the target bit if and only if the control bit is 1, while reproducing the control bit. (So there are two inputs, the control and target, and two outputs: the control, and either the target or the flipped target, depending on the value of the control.) A CNOT gate functions as a copying device for the control bit if the target bit is set to 0, because the output of the target bit is then a copy of the control bit (i.e., the input 00 produces output 00, and the input 10 produces output 11). Insofar as we can think of a measurement as simply a copying operation, a CNOT gate is the paradigm of a classical measuring device. (Imagine Alice equipped with such a device, with input and output control and target wires, measuring the properties of an unknown classical world. The input control wire is a probe for the presence of absence of a property, represented by a 1 or a 0. The target wire functions as the pointer, which is initially set to 0. The output of the target is a 1 or a 0, depending on the presence or absence of the property.)

Suppose we attempt to use our CNOT gate to copy an unknown qubit state. Since we are now proposing to regard the CNOT gate as a device for processing quantum states, the evolution from input states to output states must be effected by a physical quantum transformation. Now quantum transformations are linear on the linear state space of qubits. Linearity of the state space means that for any two qubit states — call them 0 and 1 — that are orthogonal in the space of qubit states, there are qubit states that are represented by linear superpositions or sums of 0 and 1, with certain coefficients. Such superpositions — e.g., a superposition with equal coefficients that could be represented symbolically as 0+1 — are non-orthogonal to 0 and to 1. Linearity of the transformation means that any transformation must take a qubit state represented by the sum of two orthogonal qubits to a new qubit state that is the sum of the transformed orthogonal qubits. If the CNOT gate succeeds in copying two orthogonal qubits, it cannot succeed in copying a linear superposition of these qubits. Since the gate functions linearly, it must instead produce a state that is a linear superposition of the outputs obtained for the two orthogonal qubits. That is to say, the output of the gate will be represented by a quantum state that is a sum of two terms, where the first term represents the output of the control and target for the first orthogonal qubit, and the second term represents the output of the control and target for the second orthogonal qubit. This could be written as 00+11. This is an entangled state and not the output that would be required by a successful copying operation, where the control and target each outputs the superposed qubit (which could be written as (0+1)(0+1)).

4. Quantum Cryptography
Linearity prevents the possibility of cloning or measuring an unknown quantum state. Similarly, it can be shown that if Alice sends Bob one of two nonorthogonal qubits, Bob can obtain information about which of these qubits was sent only at the expense of disturbing the state.

In general, for quantum information there is no information gain without disturbance. The impossibility of copying an unknown quantum state, or a state that is known to belong to a set of nonorthogonal states with a certain probability, and the existence of a trade-off relation between information gain and state disturbance, is the basis of the application of quantum information to cryptography. There are quantum protocols involving the exchange of classical and quantum information that Alice and Bob can exploit to share a secret random key, which they can then use to communicate privately. (See Lo's article "Quantum Cryptology" in Lo, Popescu, and Spiller, 1998.) Any attempt by an eavesdropper, Eve, to monitor the communication between Alice and Bob will be detectable, in principle, because Eve cannot gain any quantum information without some disturbance to the quantum communication channel. Moreover, the ‘no cloning’ theorem prohibits Eve from copying the quantum communications and processing them off-line, so to speak, after she monitors the classical communication between Alice and Bob.
While the difference between classical and quantum information can be exploited to achieve successful key distribution, there are other cryptographic protocols that are thwarted by quantum entanglement. Bit commitment is a key cryptographic protocol that can be used as a subroutine in a variety of important cryptographic tasks. In a bit commitment protocol, Alice supplies an encoded bit to Bob. The information available in the encoding should be insufficient for Bob to ascertain the value of the bit, but sufficient, together with further information supplied by Alice at a subsequent stage when she is supposed to reveal the value of the bit, for Bob to be convinced that the protocol does not allow Alice to cheat by encoding the bit in a way that leaves her free to reveal either 0 or 1 at will.

To illustrate the idea, suppose Alice claims the ability to predict advances or declines in the stock market on a daily basis. To substantiate her claim without revealing valuable information (perhaps to a potential employer, Bob) she suggests the following demonstration: She proposes to record her prediction, before the market opens, by writing a 0 (for ‘decline’) or a 1 (for ‘advance’) on a piece of paper, which she will lock in a safe. The safe will be handed to Bob, but Alice will keep the key. At the end of the day's trading, she will announce the bit she chose and prove that she in fact made the commitment at the earlier time by handing Bob the key. Of course, the key-and-safe protocol is not provably secure from cheating by Bob, because there is no principle of classical physics that that prevents Bob from opening the safe and closing it again without leaving any trace. The question is whether there exists a quantum analogue of this procedure that is unconditionally secure: provably secure by the laws of physics against cheating by either Alice or Bob. Bob can cheat if he can obtain some information about Alice's commitment before she reveals it (which would give him an advantage in repetitions of the protocol with Alice).

Alice can cheat if she can delay actually making a commitment until the final stage when she is required to reveal her commitment, or if she can change her commitment at the final stage with a very low probability of detection.

It turns out that unconditionally secure two-party bit commitment, based solely on the principles of quantum or classical mechanics (without exploiting special relativistic signalling constraints, or principles of general relativity or thermodynamics) is impossible. See Mayers (1997), Lo and Chau (1997) and Lo's article "Quantum Cryptology" in Lo, Popescu, an Spiller (1998) for further discussion. Note that Kent (1999) has shown that one can implement a secure classical bit commitment protocol by exploiting relativistic signalling constraints in a timed sequence of communications between verifiably separated sites for both Alice and Bob.)

Roughly, the impossibility arises because at any step in the protocol where either Alice or Bob is required to make a determinate choice (perform a measurement on a particle in the quantum channel, choose randomly and perhaps conditionally between a set of alternative actions to be implemented on the particle in the quantum channel, etc.), the choice can delayed by entangling one or more ‘ancilla’ (helper) particles with the channel particle in an appropriate way. By suitable operations on the ancillas, the channel particle can be ‘steered’ so that this cheating strategy is undetectable. In effect, if Bob can obtain no information about the bit in the safe, then entanglement will allow Alice to ‘steer’ the bit to either 0 or 1 at will.

5. Quantum Computation
Quantum information can be processed, but the accessibility of this information is limited by the Holevo bound (mentioned in Section 3). David Deutsch (1985) first showed how to exploit quantum entanglement to perform a computational task that is impossible for a classical computer. Suppose we have a black box that evaluates a function f. The arguments of f (inputs) are either 0 or 1. The values (outputs) of f (which are also 0 or 1) are either the same for both arguments (in which case f is constant), or different for the two arguments (in which case f is said to be ‘balanced’). We are interested in determining whether f is constant or balanced. Now, classically, the only way to do this is to run the black box twice, for both arguments 0 and 1, and to pass the values (outputs of f) to a circuit that determines whether they are the same (for ‘constant’) or different (for ‘balanced’). Deutsch showed that if we use quantum states and quantum gates to store and process information, then we can determine whether f is constant or balanced in one evaluation of the function f.

The trick is to design the circuit (the sequence of gates) to produce the answer to a global question about the function (’constant’ or ‘balanced’) in an output qubit register that can then be read out or measured.

Consider again the quantum CNOT gate, with two orthogonal qubits 0 and 1 as possible inputs for the control, and 0 as the input for the target. One can think of the input control and output target qubits, respectively, as the argument and associated value of a function. This CNOT function associates the value 0 with the argument 0 and the value 1 with the argument 1. For a linear superposition of the orthogonal qubits, say 0+1, as input to the control, and the qubit representing 0 as the input to the target, the output is the entangled state 00+11, a linear superposition in which the first term represents the argument 0 and associated value (0) of the CNOT function, and the second term represents the argument 1 and associated value (1) of the CNOT function. The entangled state represents all possible arguments and corresponding values of the function as a linear superposition, but this information is not accessible. What can be shown to be accessible, by a suitable choice of quantum gates, is information about whether or not the function has certain global properties. This information is obtainable without reading out the evaluation of any individual arguments and values. (Indeed, accessing information in the entangled state about a global property of the function will typically require losing access to all information about individual arguments and values.)

The situation is analogous for Deutsch's function f. Here the output of f can be represented as either 00 + 10 or 01 + 11 (in the ‘constant’ case), or 00 + 11 or 01 + 10 (in the ‘balanced’ case). The two entangled states in the ‘constant’ case are orthogonal in the 4-dimensional two-qubit state space and span a plane. Call this the ‘constant’ plane. Similarly, the two entangled states in the ‘balanced’ case span a plane, the ‘balanced’ plane. These planes are orthogonal in the 4-dimensional state space, except for an overlap: a line, representing a (non-entangled) two-qubit state. It is therefore possible to design a measurement to distinguish the two global properties of f, ‘constant’ or ‘balanced,’ with a certain probability (actually, 1/2) of failure, when the measurement yields an outcome corresponding to the overlap state, which is common to the two cases. Nevertheless, only one query of the function is required when the measurement succeeds in identifying the global property. With a judicious choice of quantum gates, it is even possible to design a quantum circuit that always succeeds in distinguishing the two cases.

Deutsch's example shows how quantum information, and quantum entanglement, can be exploited to compute a global property of a function in one step that would take two steps classically. There are quantum algorithms that achieve an exponential speed-up over any known classical algorithm, and in some cases the speed-up can be shown to be exponential over any classical algorithm. Essentially, this is again due to the phenomenon of entanglement. Indeed, the amount of information required to describe a general entangled state of n qubits grows exponentially with n. The state space (Hilbert space) has 2n dimensions, so a general entangled state is a superposition of 2n n-qubit states. In classical mechanics there are no entangled states: a general n-bit composite system can be described with just n times the amount of information required to describe a single bit system. So the classical simulation of a quantum process would involve an exponential increase in the classical informational resource required to represent the quantum state, as the number of qubits that become entangled in the evolution grows linearly, and there would be a corresponding exponential slowdown in calculating the evolution, compared to the actual quantum computation performed naturally by the system. Still, there is a significant lack of consensus as to what exactly explains the speed-up. For a discussion, See Bub (2006, Section 6.3).

While Deutsch's problem is in a sense trivial and has no interesting application, there now exist several quantum algorithms for non-trivial problems, notably Shor's factorization algorithm for factoring large composite integers in polynomial time (with direct application to ‘public key’ cryptography, a widely used classical cryptographic scheme) and Grover's database search algorithm. See Nielsen and Chuang (2000), Barenco's article "Quantum Computation: An Introduction" in Lo, Popescu, and Spiller (1998) for details, Bub (2006, Section 6), as well as the planned entry on quantum computation.

6. Interpretative Remarks
Deutsch (1997) has argued that the exponential speed-up in quantum computation, and in general the way a quantum system processes information, can only be properly understood within the framework of the so-called ‘many-worlds’ interpretation, originating with Everett.

The idea, roughly, is that an entangled state of the sort that arises in the quantum computation of a function, which represents a linear superposition over all possible arguments and corresponding values of the function, should be understood as a manifestation of parallel computations in different worlds. The quantum circuit is designed to enable the computation of a global property of the function by achieving some sort of ‘interference’ between these different worlds.

For an insightful critique of this idea of ‘quantum parallelism’ as explanatory, see Steane (2003). It should be noted that the term ‘many-worlds’ can refer to a variety of interpretational ideas, some more refined than others. For a sophisticated account, see Wallace (2003).

An alternative view, not much discussed in the literature in this connection, is the quantum logical approach, which emphasizes the non-Boolean structure of properties of quantum systems.

(The properties of a classical system form a Boolean algebra, essentially the abstract characterization of a set-theoretic structure. This is reflected in the Boolean character of classical logic, and the Boolen gates in a classical computer.) A crucial difference between quantum and classical information is the possibility of computing the truth value of an exclusive disjunction — for example, the ‘constant’ disjunction asserting that the value of the function (for both arguments) is either 0 or 1, or the ‘balanced’ disjunction asserting that the value of the function (for both arguments) is either the same as the argument or different from the argument — without computing the truth values of the disjuncts.

Classically, an exclusive disjunction is true if and only if one of the disjuncts is true. In effect, Deutsch's quantum circuit achieves its speed-up by exploiting the non-Boolean structure of quantum properties to compute the value of a disjunctive property, without computing the value of the disjuncts (representing the association of individual arguments with corresponding function values). For some recent work by Giuntini and others on logics associated with quantum gates, see under ‘quantum computational logics’ in the Other Internet Resources. (For quantum logic not specifically in relation to quantum computation, see the entry on quantum logic and quantum probability).

Some researchers in quantum information and quantum computation have argued for an information-theoretic interpretation of quantum mechanics. In his review article on quantum computation, Andrew Steane (1998, p. 119) makes the following radical suggestion:
Historically, much of fundamental physics has been concerned with discovering the fundamental particles of nature and the equations which describe their motions and interactions. It now appears that a different programme may be equally important: to discover the ways that nature allows, and prevents, information to be expressed and manipulated, rather than particles to move.

Steane concludes his review with the following proposal (1998, p. 171):
To conclude with, I would like to propose a more wide-ranging theoretical task: to arrive at a set of principles like energy and momentum conservation, but which apply to information, and from which much of quantum mechanics could be derived.

Two tests of such ideas would be whether the EPR-Bell correlations thus became transparent, and whether they rendered obvious the proper use of terms such as ‘measurement’ and ‘knowledge’.

In line with this proposal, Clifton, Bub, and Halvorson (2003) have shown that one can derive the basic kinematic features of a quantum description of physical systems from three fundamental information-theoretic constraints:
• the impossibility of superluminal information transfer between two physical systems by performing measurements on one of them
• the impossibility of perfectly broadcasting the information contained in an unknown physical state (which, for pure states, amounts to ‘no cloning’)
• the impossibility of communicating information so as to implement a bit commitment protocol with unconditional security
More precisely, the analysis is carried out in an algebraic framework which allows a mathematically abstract characterization of a physical theory that includes, as special cases, all classical mechanical theories of both wave and particle varieties, and all variations on quantum theory, including quantum field theories (plus any hybrids of these theories, such as theories with superselection rules).

Within this framework, the three information-theoretic constraints are shown to jointly entail three physical conditions that are taken as definitive of what it means to be a quantum theory in the most general sense, specifically that:
• the algebras of observables pertaining to distinct physical systems commute (a condition usually called microcausality or kinematic independence)
• any individual system's algebra of observables is noncommutative

• the physical world is nonlocal, in that spacelike separated systems can occupy entangled states that persist as the systems separate

Bottom line is thoughts are things loved ones…so guard your thoughts and treat yourself and all your loved ones in a loving fashion…

Know the Lord they God is one…and who is his mother, his brother, his sister?

They that do the will of the Father…

What is the will?

The law and the love expressed in the words which the Master gave, “Loved the Lord thy God with all thine heart, thin body, thy soul; and thy brother as thyself.”

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers,

Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com

Mother God appears at Lourdes France Grotto

2008-04-21T16:54:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones…the loving child Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes was visited by Mother God and not the Virgin Mary

…Bernadette was not visited by the mother of Our Lord Jesus the Christ…but was in the presence of our Divine Parent Mother God.

In the middle of the nineteenth century, Lourdes was a small garrison town of four or five thousand inhabitants, situated in the foothills of the Pyrenees on the River Gave.

It had a castle fortress, the sign of a fighting past, and for its size was up-to-date and progressive with the bulk of the population consisting of agricultural workers and quarrymen, and in the main practicing Catholics.

Bernadette Soubirous was the eldest of five children of hard-working parents who had fallen on hard times, and from operating a successful mill had been reduced to living with their family in one small room called the Cachot, which can still be seen today.

Bernadette could hardly read or write, and suffered several childhood illnesses leaving her weak and asthmatic, and small for her age. From a very early age though, she showed signs of having immense faith in God, and when she was told she was stupid because she was unable to learn her Catechism, she whispered in a characteristic way that: ’At least she would always know how to love the good God.

She was a simple girl who worked partly in the house and partly, when with her aunt in Bartrès a village 4 miles from Lourdes, in the fields where her special task was to watch the sheep.

On Thursday 11th February 1858 when she was fourteen years old, together with her sister Marie-Toinette and a friend Jeanne, Bernadette left the Cachot to collect firewood at the foot of a hill called Massabielle, meaning old rock, where there was a small cave or grotto where cattle often sheltered.

Marie-Toinette and Jeanne kicked off their wooden shoes and waded across the little stream in search of dead wood, leaving Bernadette hesitating because of the cold. Just as she was removing her stockings, she heard what sounded like a strong wind and, as she looked toward the Grotto, she noticed that the vegetation growing beneath the higher opening was tossing, though nothing else moved.

To her amazement she saw a figure in the opening – a Lady of small stature and incomparable beauty. The Lady was surrounded by light and inclined her head graciously as if inviting Bernadette to approach.

She put out her hands too, a little away from her body, and on her right arm could be seen a rosary with large white beads on what seemed a golden chain. Bernadette felt frightened, and yet she did not want to run away. She was fascinated, experiencing a mysterious attraction and quite naturally took out her rosary and started to recite the prayers.

The vision lasted about a quarter of an hour and, as Bernadette finished the rosary prayers, quite suddenly the unidentified mystical Lady disappeared.

On the way home, Bernadette told Marie-Toinette what she had seen, and although her sister promised secrecy, her sister did not keep her secret and that evening the Soubirous parents entered into what was to become an extremely vexing and puzzling period of their lives with much anguish to follow.

This vision was to be the first of eighteen apparitions over the next few weeks, frequently with many people in attendance out of curiosity, as by now the story of the Lady was the talking point of everyone in Lourdes.

During one of these visions, Bernadette was asked by the Lady to drink at the spring and wash in the water, although there was no spring to be seen. Bernadette scratched away at the surface of the earth, and found water rising, which she was able to drink.

Soon this spring was yielding 27,000 gallons of water a day, which has been maintained ever since even in times of drought. The spring has been channelled into a reservoir from which the Baths are filled and there are 20 drinking fountain heads. The extraordinary quality of this water is that it never becomes contaminated and can be kept for years, even in an ordinary plastic bottle.

During her seventh appearance, the Lady instructed Bernadette to ask the Priests to build a Chapel by the Grotto for people to process there, and this is at the heart of Lourdes today.

All the appearances held the same prayerful characteristics, and at the fifteenth appearance the Lady disclosed herself as the Immaculate Conception.

She appeared only three times more to Bernadette, but had nothing more to say.
In spite of enormous opposition from the Town and Church elders of the time, with Bernadette being scrutinized by all and sundry, eventually the Bishop of Tarbes declared the Apparitions as genuine, and from there the whole concept of Lourdes as it is today was developed.

It is not always realized by those who visit Lourdes that Bernadette's body remains incorrupt and is laid in a glass reliquary in the Convent of St Gildarde in Nevers, France, where it can be seen today.

Loved Ones…the Lady in the grotto never said She was the mother of Our Lord Jesus the Christ…the catholic church said she was the virgin mary…this Woman of the Grotto was in fact Mother God.

This is true…you and all your loved ones are always in my prayers.
Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com

exercise your skills of intention

2008-04-06T12:45:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones...give this a try...exercise your willpower, your ability to focus and your unconditional love...

Loved Ones...participate in the oneness of this universe...

go to this web site and participate in expanding your consciousness...

www.theintentionexperiment.com

Also loved ones I highly recommend these two books written by Lynne McTaggart.

Ms. Taggart was a guest on a radio show I was honored to participate in...

THE FIELD: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe

THE INTENTION EXPERIMENT: Using Your Thoughts To Change Your Life And The World

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers

Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com

Under Endowed Psychic Spying/What about unconditional love?

2008-04-02T19:28:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones…our United States Military is presently incorporating psychic techniques to bolster its attempts at protecting our domestic border…may I suggest in addition to these attempts they include trying unconditional love.

DOD Experiment Could Lead To Major Changes In Intel Operations

The Defense Department is preparing for a major field experiment that will examine new concepts in intelligence operations and could lead to revolutionary changes in how U.S. spy agencies collect, analyze and distribute their products, according to military officials and documents.

Dubbed “Operation Morning Calm,” the experiment initially will involve the Army's Intelligence and Security Command and U.S. Forces Korea, then expand to U.S. Pacific Command and other warfighting components.

Through Morning Calm, structures and policies(remote viewing) developed by INSCOM will be applied to live national, theater and tactical intelligence-gathering assets.

Based on the results, major elements of the intelligence community may undergo an unprecedented overhaul.

“Operation Morning Calm can be used as a vehicle for exponential change because it can highlight issues in policy and structure that need to be changed,” Col. Donna Kenley, a strategic intelligence planner in DOD's Office of Force Transformation (OFT), said in an interview.

Intelligence processes used at INSCOM's Information Dominance Center will be installed with the 501st Military Intelligence Brigade in Seoul over the next five months.

Proof-of-concept testing will begin in December and end in February. Assets to be involved include the U-2, the Army's Guardrail Common Sensor and Airborne Reconnaissance Low, and other “joint sensor feeds,” according to an OFT briefing chart on Morning Calm. Human intelligence, measurement and signature intelligence, and multilingual open source intelligence will also be used.

The Korea portion of Morning Calm will cost $8 million; extending the experiment to other combatant commands will cost substantially more.
“It will be baseline-operational with techniques, tactics and procedures and the [concepts of operations] and exercised during the [North Korea] Winter Training Cycle (Dec 03-Feb 04) to ferret out issues in structure, policy, and operations within defense intelligence and the IC that need to be changed,” states a white paper on Morning Calm prepared by OFT and INSCOM.

“Project Operation Morning Calm will provide a unique opportunity to conduct an operational experiment using data employment concepts that can affect analytical outcomes and provide actionable intelligence,” the paper continues. “The results of such an assessment would help inform senior defense decision-makers on policy and structural issues affecting the IC.”

The IDC has been operational for several years; defense officials believe it will be the “catalyst” for transformation of the intelligence community.

Morning Calm sponsors include OFT, the Office of the Secretary of Defense, U.S. Forces Korea, PACOM and INSCOM. Underscoring the point that reform of the entire IC will not happen without the CIA's participation, the assistant director of central intelligence for collection has been briefed on Morning Calm and supports the experiment, officials say.

Over the past decade, numerous studies and reports have recommended significant changes in how the U.S. intelligence community is structured and operates. Yet, the community remains a sprawling, poorly connected amalgamation where restrictive regulations and bureaucratic jealousies prevent the kind of information sharing needed to battle 21st century threats.

At a hearing held last fall by the House and Senate intelligence committees, Lee Hamilton, a former House intelligence committee chairman, noted the intelligence community is a “vast enterprise and it's tough to develop consensus.”

Now, however, with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld pressing ahead with aggressive plans to transform the military, the prospects for change are greater than ever before.

Improving the way DOD's massive military intelligence apparatus works is a key part of the transformation strategy. Rumsfeld recently created the office of the under secretary of defense for intelligence to pursue these improvements. The director of the intelligence office, Steve Cambone, also will work closely with the CIA to foster structural changes at the national intelligence level.

Retired Vice Adm. Arthur Cebrowski, DOD's force transformation chief and an early champion of INSCOM's prototypical effort, calls the work being done by the command “a glimpse of the future.”

Rumsfeld and Cambone visited INSCOM in late June, and Cambone is said to be very interested in the outcome of Morning Calm.

Key to the experiment is the concept of data mediation, which is the antithesis of the existing system for producing intelligence. Signals intelligence, human intelligence, imagery intelligence and other “source-specific” intelligence streams now feed into separate databases, which are not linked together and contain overwhelming amounts of information.

This “stovepiped” system makes all-source analysis nearly impossible and needs to be eliminated if the defense and intelligence communities expect to be able to win the war against terrorism, according to Kenley.

Data mediation gets rid of the stovepipes and allows information to be merged into a universal repository from which analysts can “seamlessly search out answers from the entire universal database with a single query,” states an OFT briefing chart.

Information can be harvested and fused, rather than falling through the cracks, Kenley says. All-source intelligence reports can be prepared and can support three specific demand functional areas -- warning, counterintelligence and force protection, and warfighting intelligence -- that underpin the Bush administration's security goals of prevention and preemption.

Plans for Morning Calm began to take firmer shape this spring after Rumsfeld established the USD/I directorate. Consistent with the operational model to be tested through Morning Calm, Cambone's office has directorates for preparation and warning, warfighting and operations, and counterintelligence and security.
Meeting with reporters May 20, Cambone said his office would work to ensure that the “'pipes' are in place for the information to be transmitted from those who collect it and analyze it to those that need to use it, and that connectivity is such that it can be moved quickly with a minimum or modest amount of interruption between the time it's collected and the first cut of the analysis to the people who need to be able to use it.”

But well before Cambone's office became a reality, the IDC at INSCOM was forging new ways to get around what intelligence officials call the “collection-analysis gap.”
Specifically, the technologies used to collect intelligence are increasing “exponentially,” while analytical processes and methods improve only “linearly,” according to an OFT briefing chart.

The National Security Agency, for example, records about 650 million events every day. That flow produces about 10,000 product reports. “The rest receives minimal attention,” the briefing chart states.

“This collection-analysis gap has contributed to the failure of the IC to provide adequate warning time for events like 9/11,” states the white paper. “Current 'analytic processes' allow analysts to deal with only a tiny fraction of the data available to them from the United States' vast collection resources, resulting in a troubling dilemma best summed up by the words, 'We don't know what we don't know.'”

Noting that the IDC is a working intelligence unit, INSCOM officials did not respond to questions about the center.
According to defense budget documents, however, the IDC is a “beta development and demonstration facility” that uses “advanced indigenously developed software and architectures for harvesting, visualizing, displaying, sharing, analyzing, fusing and developing courses of action for commanders and decisionmakers in a real-time environment.”

More to the point, the IDC employs the data-mediation system defense officials believe is needed to reform intelligence operations. “The IDC uses high-capacity communications links to access selected information from a number of databases maintained by a number of other commands, agencies and organizations,” reads a description of the IDC prepared by the Center for Army Lessons Learned.

“We need broader interpretation of information,” notes Kenley. “We need to be able to connect dots. We need stewardship of information rather than ownership. We have to be mindful of the regulations, of the security classification [rules]. But the agencies and services have to work together to share information, to fuse information together to cover the critical gaps.”

Loved Ones...the leadership in Washington is at least on the right track... let us all pray they begin to consider in addition to paranormal techniques using prayers, petitions and unconditional love to heal all those people and places we have injured through acts of agression and greed.

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers,

Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com

the square root of 1% can do it...improve this planet

2008-04-02T18:54:00.000-07:00

Loved Ones...8,084 persons can change this planet with focused unconditional love can dramatically improve this planet

Loved Ones…thoughts are things…your individual thought resonances create strategic effects in the premanifest state… by raising the structured order in the ground state of the Zero Point Field…once this threshold is reached a critical mass resonance impacts all earth incarnates…the square root of 1 % of any population when focused with intent and motivated by unconditional love must/will result with an adjustment in how people perceive and respond to one another…thoughts are things…guard your thoughts…protect yourself and all your loved ones by manifesting loving acts…you play an essential part in this manifest universe we reside now reside in…and on the “other side”

You and all your loved ones are always in my prayers.
Samuel Joseph Bell
www.angelicinfusion.com