Types of Science

Geology Science

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Geology is the study of Earth. Geology studies the composition of Earth and all of the elements and materials that make it up. The structure of the Earth, including plate techtonics, the different layers of the Earth and the atmosphere are all part of biology. Geology is also one of the only sciences that deals with the history and formation of the planet. Geologists help locate many of Earth's natural resources in the form of metals, gems, minerals, and elements including quartz, sulfur, gold, petroleum, coal, iron, and helium. There are a few principles important to geological studies. The principle of intrusive relationships shows the mixes of young and old rock which allow geologists to understand the happenings there. Faults allow geologists to understand how the plates of Earth's crust move. The principle of uniformitarianism states that the same geological processes occur throughout history. This means that geologists can study what happened to Earth in the past by observing what is happening now. Younger layers of rock can slip between older layers, layers are basically horizontal, and fossils found in different layers of rock can give information about the life at that time.

There are four layers that make up the Earth: the inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the crust. It only snows about 2 inches per year over most of Antarctica.The largest desert on Earth is on the Antarctic continent. 90% of all volcanic activity occurs in the Earth's oceans.The deepest point in the ocean is 6.8 miles down.In polar areas in mid-summer, there is no night -- daylight lasts almost 24 hours a day.

Astronomy Science

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Astronomy is the study of celestial objects--pretty much anything beyond Earth's atmosphere. That includes planets, stars, other galaxies, super novae, and black holes--all the cool stuff. Astronomy is concerned with evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects as well as the evolution of the universe. Astronomy is one of the earliest sciences because humans have always been fascinated by the world beyond ours. Originally using only math and observations, humans began to calculate the motion and paths of stars and planets. Over time, the telescope was invented and studying extraterrestrial objects became easier. The only information we have coming in from places beyond Earth is in the form of electromagnetic radiation, or light in the form of visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, radio, infrared, and gamma rays. Astronomers must infer data such as size, temperature, luminosity, density, and other propeties just using that light that reaches our planet. The two types of astronomy are theoretical astrophysics and observational astronomy. Theoretical astrophysic has to do with theories of the laws of the universe and its history that cannot be developed merely by observation.

A day on the planet Mercury is twice as long as its year. A dwarf star is so dense that it would take 8 men to lift a teaspoon full of its matter. Earth is the densest planet in our Solar system.Every second, the Sun pumps more than a million tons of material into the space through the solar windNeutron stars are so dense that the individual neutrons are actually touching.The cosmos contains approximately 50,000,000,000 galaxies.

Biology Science

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Biology is the study of life.

Biology deals with the various forms of organisms, and how the species come into existence and the interactions of each species with eachother and the natural environment. The study of biology comes from the idea that all living organisms are and work similarly and therefore should be studied as a whole. Biology is such a wide topic of science that it is broken down into many subcategories including botany, zoology, medicine and microbiology. As with most areas of science, biology is studied using the scientific method, a series of steps to ensure the accuracy of discoveries made about science. In short, the scientific method is a follows: the observer makes observations, asks a question, makes a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis using repeated trials, and publishes the results. The last part of sharing the findings is one of the most important because the submission to the public helps prevent false data. The experiment must be repeatable.

A goldfish can survive in a tank full of human blood. An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain. Giraffes have no vocal chords. Porcupines float in water. Elephants are the only land animals that can't jump. The human body contains about 6,000 miles of blood vessels. Humans have less muscles than caterpillars.

Chemistry Science

2008-11-11T01:04:00.000-08:00

Chemistry is the science that deals with matter at the macromolecular scale observing its reactions, transformations and aggregations or combining together. Chemistry also deals with the energy, temperature, pressure, density and chemical potential changes during these processes. Chemistry studies the molecules crystals and metalsl and nonmetals, their composition, properties, transformations, and interactions. Chemists study everyday materials. According to modern chemistry, the physical properties of materials are generally determined by their structure at the molecular or atomic scale so studying matter at this small level can also give more understanding to the ways in which certain matter interacts with other matter. The main focus of chemistry is on the reactions between different elements. For example, some famous reactions include 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O which describes the combining of hydrogen and oxygen to get water, and C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂→ 6CO₂+ 6H₂O which is basically the human process of digestion. C₆H₁₂O₆ is a form of sugar that when added to oxygen, the two things that humans intake, produces carbon dioxide, an output of humans, and water. Some energy is also released in this reaction. Such reactions are studied and analyzed in Chemistry. Chemistry studies the different forms of matter starting at some of the simplest forms such as atoms and elements and working up to more complex forms such as compunds and substances. There are a few types of chemistry including biochemistry which studies the interactions of materials in living things, and nuclear chemistry which studies the coming together of atomic nuclei.

Honey does not spoil. Methane, the main gas in farts, actually has no odor. Pure gold is so soft that it can be molded with bare hands. A plastic container can resist decomposition for about 50,000 years . If you slowly pour a handful of salt into a glass of water full to the brim, the water level will actually go down. The only letter not appearing in the periodic table is J. Hydroflouric acid will disolve glass.

Physics Science

2008-11-11T01:03:00.000-08:00

Physics is the study of the laws of the universe that govern matter, energy, space and time. Physics attempts to discover the nature of these four phenomenae. There are a few different types of physics. Classical mechanics, developed mainly by Sir Isaac Newton, focuses on the forces that act on bodies. Nicknamed after its partial-creator, it's often called Newtonian Mechanics. This type of physics deals with motion and the forces acting on an object. Other theories that study motion include Einstein's theory of relativity for large objects and objects moving at very high speeds. Quantum mechanics deals with small objects and the forces exerted on them over small distances. Electromagnetism is the study of electromagnetic fields, how they field affect a charged partical that might happen to be traveling through, and what forces it might exert on the particle. This field of physics deals with light which happens to be a rotating electromagnetic field. Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with heat and the conversion into different forms of energy. Physics tries to study and understand concepts such as gravity, waves, acceleration and velocity, magnetism, electricity, temperature, viscosity, wave-particle duality, the speed of light, and momentum.

If you yelled for 8 years, 7 months and 6 days, you would produce enough sound energy to heat up one cup of coffee. The average ice berg weighs 20,000,000 tons. That's 450 Titanics! The speed of light never changes. Blue light is actually hotter than red light. If something moves at a velocity close to the speed of light, its time will slow down and it will shrink. The pull of gravity inside a black hole is so strong that not even light can escape.