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2009-11-22T21:59:00.001+05:30

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From: Alen George CM <alengcm@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, May 11, 2009 at 2:28 PM
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2009-10-27T18:28:00.001+05:30

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2009-07-21T00:41:00.003+05:30

Introduction

Pick up any newspaper today and it is a safe bet that you will find an article somewhere relating to mobile communications. If it is not in the technology section it will almost certainly be in the business section and relate to the increasing share prices of operators or equipment manufacturers, or acquisitions and take-overs thereof. Such is the pervasiveness of mobile communications that it is affecting virtually everyone’s life and has become a major political topic and a significant contributor to national gross domestic product (GDP).

The major driver to change in the mobile area in the last ten years has been the massive enabling implications of digital technology, both in digital signal processing and in service provision. The equivalent driver now, and in the next five years, will be the all pervasiveness of software in both networks and terminals. The digital revolution is well underway and we stand at the doorway to the software revolution. Accompanying these changes are societal developments involving the extensions in the use of mobiles. Starting out from speech-dominated services we are now experiencing massive growth in applications involving SMS (Short Message Service) together with the start of Internet applications using WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and i-mode. The mobile phone has not only followed the watch, the calculator and the organiser as an essential personal accessory but has subsumed all of them. With the new Internet extensions it will also lead to a convergence of the PC, hi-fl and television and provide mobility to facilities previously only available on one network.

The development from first generation analogue systems (1985) to second generation (2G) digital GSM (1992) was the heart of the digital revolution. But much more than this it was a huge success for standardisation emanating from Europe and gradually spreading globally.

However, world-wide roaming still presents some problems with pockets of US standards IS-95 (a code division multiple access [CDMA] rather than a time division multiple access [TDMA] digital system) and IS- 136 (a TDMA variant) still entrenched in some countries. Extensions to GSM (2G) via GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) (E-GPRS) as well as WAP and i-mode (so called 2.5G) will allow the transmission of higher data rates as well as speech prior to the introduction of 3G.

Mobile systems comprise a radio access together with a supporting core network. In GSM the latter is characterised by MAP (Mobile Applications Protocol), which provides the mobility management features of the system.

GSM was designed for digital speech services or for low bit rate data that could fit into a speech channel (e.g. 9.6kbit/s). It is a circuit rather than a packet oriented network and hence is inefficient for data communications. To address the rapid popularity increase of Internet services, GPRS is being added to GSM to allow packet (Internet Protocol [IP]) communications at up to about 100kbit/s.

Third generation (3G) systems were standardised in 1999. These include IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications 2000), which was standardised within ITU-R and includes the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) European standard from ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), the US derived CDMA 2000 and the Japanese NTT DoCoMo W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) system. Such systems extend services to (multirate) high-quality multimedia and to convergent networks of fixed, cellular and satellite components. The radio air interface standards are based upon W-CDMA (UTRA FDD and UTRA TDD in UMTS, multicarrier CDMA 2000 and single carrier UWC-136 on derived US standards). The core network has not been standardised, but a group of three—evolved GSM (MAP), evolved ANSI-41 (from the American National Standards Institute) and IP-based— are all candidates. 3G is also about a diversity of terminal types, including many non-voice terminals, such as those embedded in all sorts of consumer products. Bluetooth (another standard not within the 3G orbit, but likely to be associated with it) is a short-range system that addresses such applications. Thus services from a few bits per second up to 2Mbit/s can be envisioned.

For broadband indoor wireless communications, standards such as HIPERLAN 2 (High Performance Local Area Network—ETSI’s broadband radio access network [BRAN]) and IEEE 802.lla have emerged to support IP based services and provide some QoS (quality of service) support. Such systems are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) rather than CDMA and are planned to operate in the 5GHz band.

Whereas 2G operates in 900 and 1800/1900MHz frequency bands, 3G is intended to operate in wider bandwidth allocations at 2GHz. These new frequency bands will provide wider bandwidths for some multimedia services and the first allocations have been made in some countries via spectrum auctions (e.g. in the UK, Holland and Germany) or beauty contests (in France and Italy). The opportunity has also been taken to increase competition by allowing new operators into the bands as well as extending existing operator licences. These new systems will comprise microcells as well as macrocells in order to deliver the higher capacity services efficiently. 3G and 2G will continue to coexist for some time with optimisation of service provision between them. Various modes of delivery will be used to improve coverage in urban, suburban and rural areas, with satellite (and possibly HAPS—high altitude platform stations) playing a role.

The story of the evolution of mobile radio generations is summed up in Fig. 1.

Already, as we move from 2G to 3G the convergence of communications and computing is central to the realisation of the new generation of services and applications. Digital technology enables dynamic adaptation of systems, and intercommunicating software embedded in networks and terminals allows efficient control of the new networks. This is accentuated as we move from 3G to 4G, extending the range and bit rate of services and bringing about the convergence of fixed, mobile and broadcast networks, service provision and terminal types.

This paper introduce the basic ideas and thinking behind the second phase research programme (1999-2003) of the UK’s Virtual Centre of Excellence in Mobile and Personal Communications (Mobile VCE) in the form of ‘visions for 4G’. A Visions Group has been set up to produce and maintain an evolving picture of 4G and to communicate these ideas down to the work areas and researchers. The aim is to provide an umbrella vision to harmonise the research work in the various areas.

The next section explain the limitations of 3G systems and derive the drivers for 4G. The subsequent sections present ‘the 4G vision’ and some of the research challenges that this presents. The approach that is taken here is one of developing a technical vision. However it is based upon likely user scenarios that have been developed within the Mobile VCE

Limitations of 3G and drivers for 4G

From its basic conception to the time of roll-out took around ten years for 2G; a similar period will apply to 3G, which will commence service in 2001/2 and reach full deployment by 2005. Thus by 2010 it will be time to deploy 4G networks and, working backwards with the ten year cycle, it is clear that the year 2000 is appropriate to start with visions for 4G and a research programme aimed at the key issues. The Mobile VCE’s second phase research programme has been constructed to meet this aim.

The starting point was to look at current trends. Here we see a phenomenal growth in mobiles with an estimated global user base that will exceed one billion by 2003. Already mobile communications exceed fixed communications in several countries and it is foreseen that mobile communications will subsume fixed by 2010 (fixed—mobile convergence will be complete). Currently short messaging is booming, especially among the younger generation, with averages of upwards of 100 messages per month dominating monthly bills. Business take-up of SMS via information services is also increasing and providing a start for mobile e-commerce, but this is currently very much limited by the bit rates available. This will be improved with the introduction of GPRS.

In Europe the WAP system (using Wireless Markup Language—WML) has been slow to gain market ground; in contrast, in Japan NTT DoC0oMo’s ‘i-mode’ system had over 10 million subscribers by summer 2000 and is picking up 50000 new customers per day. Customers are already browsing the Internet, exchanging e-mail, conducting banking and stock transactions, making flight reservations and checking news and weather via HTML- based (Hyper Text Markup Language) text information on their phones. Java is expected to be available on i-mode phones soon, allowing the download of agents, games etc. and the introduction of location-based services. In Japan, the number of net phones has now passed the number of wired Internet customers and is setting the trend that others will surely follow when 3G opens up more bandwidth and improved quality.

Thus 3G will provide a significant step in the evolution of mobile personal communications. Mobility appears to be one of the fundamental elements in the evolution of the information society. As service provision based on ‘network centric’ architectures gradually gives way to the ‘edge-centric’ architectures, access is needed from more and more places at all times. But can 3G deliver?

It is true that 3G can support multimedia Internet-type services at improved speeds and quality compared to 2G. The W-CDMA based air-interface has been designed to provide improved high-capacity coverage for medium bit rates (384 kbit/s) and limited coverage at up to 2Mbit/s (in indoor environments). Statistical multiplexing on the air also improves the efficiency of packet mode transmission. However, there are limitations with 3G as follows:

· Extension to higher data rates is difficult with CDMA due to excessive interference between services.

· It is difficult to provide a full range of multirate services, all with different QoS and performance requirements due to the constraints imposed on the core network by the air interface standard. For example, it is not a fully integrated system.

In addition, the bandwidth available in the 2GHz bands allocated for 3G will soon become saturated and there are constraints on the combination of frequency and time division duplex modes imposed by regulators to serve different environments efficiently.

By the year 2010, one of the key enabling technology developments will be embedded radio—the widespread availability and use of the $1 radio chip, which will evolve from short-range wireless developments such as Bluetooth. Embedded radio will eventually become as common as embedded microprocessors are today, with perhaps 50 such devices in the typical home, the user being mostly unaware of their presence. As they interact, in response to the user arriving home for example, they will form a home area network (HAN). Similarly, such devices will be present in large numbers in vehicles (the vehicular area network, or VAN), in personal belongings (the personal area network, or PAN), in the public environment, etc. Such chips will serve as a means of short-range communication between objects and devices, offering capabilities for monitoring and control, in most cases without the knowledge or intervention of the user.

As a person moves between these environments such short-range links will allow their personal profiles and preferences to move with them, with the hotel room automatically configuring itself to their personal preferred temperatures, TV channels/interests, lighting etc. However, the integration of such links with wide-area mobile access will enable far more powerful service concepts, as mobile agents access this pervasive network of sensors and access information on the user’s behalf to perform and even pre-empt their needs and wishes.

In the 1G to 2G transition, as well as a transition from analogue to digital we saw a mono-service to multi-service transition. From 2G to 3G, as well as a mono-media to multimedia transition we are also seeing a transition from person-to-person to person-to-machine interactions, with users accessing video, Internet/intranet and database feeds. The 3G to 4G transition, supported by such technologies, will see a transition towards a pre-dominance of automated and autonomously initiated machine-to-machine interactions.

Such developments will of course be accompanied by ongoing evolution of already anticipated 3G services, such as:

· send/receive e-mail

· Internet browsing (information)

· on-line transactions (e-business)

· location-dependent information

· company database access

· large-file transfer.

These services in themselves represent an increase in requirements for accessing information, for business and commercial transactions, as well as for a raft of new location-dependent information services, all including significantly higher bit-rate requirements. There is a requirement for a mixture of unicast, multicast and broadcast service delivery with dynamic variation between application services both spatially and temporally. Above all, there is a demand for ease of user access and manipulation, with minimal user involvement—complexity hidden from the user—and intelligence to learn and adapt with use.

From the above it will be seen that 4G will need to be highly dynamic in terms of support for:

· the users’ traffic

· air interfaces and terminal types

· radio environments

· quality-of-service types

· mobility patterns.

4G, then, must itself be dynamic and adaptable in all aspects, with built-in intelligence. Thus a ‘software system’ rather than a hard-and-fixed physical system is indicated. Integration, needed to reflect the convergence issues already mentioned, is also a key to 4G, in particular integration of the radio access and the core network elements, which must be designed as a whole rather than segmented as in the past. Key drivers to 4G will be:

· a multitude of diverse devices (distributed, embedded, wearable, pervasive)

· predominance of machine-to-machine communications

· location-dependent and e-business applications

· the extension of IF protocols to mobility and range of QoS

· privacy and security

· dynamic networking and air-interfaces

· improved coverage mechanisms

· improved and dynamic spectrum usage.

4G visions mapping to research topics

The Mobile VCE vision for 2010 is embodied in the five key elements detailed as follows:

· Fully converged services: Personal communications, information systems, broadcast and entertainment will have merged into a seamless pool of content available according to the user’s requirement. The user will have access to a wider range of services and applications, available conveniently, securely and in a manner reflecting the user’s personal preferences.

· Ubiquitous mobile access: The dominant mode of access to this pool of content will be mobile, accounting for all voice communications, the majority of high-speed information services, and a significant proportion of broadcast and entertainment services. Mobile access to commercial and retail services will be the norm, replacing current practices in most cases.

· Diverse user devices: The user will be served by a wide variety of low-cost mobile devices to access content conveniently and seamlessly. These devices will commonly be wearable—in some cases disposable— and will normally be powered independently of the mains. Devices will interact with users in a multi sensory manner, encompassing not only speech, hearing and sight but also the other human senses, and biological and environmental data pertinent to the application. Special devices tailored for people with disabilities will be common place

· Autonomous networks: Underlying these systems will be highly autonomous adaptive networks capable of self-management of their structure to meet the changing and evolving demands of users for both services and capacity. Efficient and cost-effective use of the radio spectrum will be an essential element of their operation, and here, too, autonomy and self- management will be the norm.

· Software dependency: Intelligent mobile agents will exist throughout the networks and in user devices, and will act continually to simplify tasks and ensure transparency to the user. These mobile agents will act at all levels, from managing an individual user’s content preferences to organising and reconfiguring major elements of networks.

Research challenges

Analysis of the underlying technical challenges raised by the above vision and its five elements has produced three research areas: Networks and services, Software based systems, Wireless access. These form the basis of the Mobile VCE Phase 2 research programme.

Networks and services

The aim of 3G is ‘to provide multimedia multirate mobile communications anytime and anywhere’, though this aim can only be partially met. It will be uneconomic to meet this requirement with cellular mobile radio only. 4G will extend the scenario to an all-IP network (access + core) that integrates broadcast, cellular, cordless, WLAN (wireless local area network), short-range systems and fixed wire. The vision is of integration across these network—air interfaces and of a variety of radio environments on a common, flexible and expandable platform — a ‘network of networks’ with distinctive radio access connected to a seamless IP-based core network a

The functions contained in this vision will be:

· a connection layer between the radio access and the IP core including mobility management

· internetworking between access schemes — inter and intra system, handover, QoS negotiations, security and mobility

· ability to interface with a range of new and existing radio interfaces

A vertical view of this 4G vision (Fig. 4) shows the layered structure of hierarchical cells that facilitates optimisation for different applications and in different radio environments. In this depiction we need to provide global roaming across all layers.

Both vertical and horizontal handover between different access schemes will be available to provide seamless service and quality of service.

Network reconfigurability is a means of achieving the above scenario. This encompasses terminal reconfigurability, which enables the terminal to roam across the different air interfaces by exchanging configuration software (derived from the software radio concept). It also provides dynamic service flexibility and trading of access across the different networks by dynamically optimising the network nodes in the end-to- end connection. This involves reconfiguration of protocol stacks, programmability of network nodes and reconfigurability of base stations and terminals.

The requirement is for a distributed reconfiguration control. Fig. 5 demonstrates both internal node and external network reconfigurability.

For internal reconfiguration the functionality of the network nodes must be controlled before, during and after reconfiguration and compliance to transmission standards and regulations must be facilitated.

External reconfiguration management is required to monitor traffic, to ensure that the means for transport between terminals and network gateways (or other end points) are synchronised (e.g. by conforming to standards) and to ensure that the databases/content servers needed for downloadable reconfiguration software are provided.

The research challenges are to provide mechanisms to implement internal and external configuration, to define and identify application programming interfaces (APIs) and to design mechanisms to ensure that reconfigured network nodes comply with regulatory standards.

An example of evolved system architectures is a combination of ad hoc and cellular topologies. A ‘mobile ad hoc network’ (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile routers (and connected hosts) connected by wireless links. The routing and hosts are free to move randomly and organise themselves arbitrarily; thus the network wireless topology can change rapidly. Such a network can exist in a stand-alone form or be connected to a larger internet (as shown in Fig. 6).

In the current cellular systems, which are based on a star-topology, if the base stations are also considered to be mobile nodes the result becomes a ‘network of mobile nodes’ in which a base station acts as a gateway providing a bridge between two remote ad hoc networks or as a gateway to the fixed network. This architecture of hybrid star and ad hoc networks has many benefits; for example it allows self-reconfiguration and adaptability to highly variable mobile characteristics (e.g. channel conditions, traffic distribution variations, load-balancing) and it helps to minimise inaccuracies in estimating the location of mobiles.

Together with the benefits there are also some new challenges, which mainly reside in the unpredictability of the network topology due to mobility of the nodes; this unpredictability, coupled with the local-broadcast capability, provides new challenges in designing a communication system on top of an ad hoc wireless network. The following will be required:

· distributed MAC (medium access control) and dynamic routing support

· wireless service location protocols

· wireless dynamic host configuration protocols

· distributed LAC and QoS-based routing schemes.

In mobile IP networks we cannot provide absolute quality-of-service guarantees, but various levels of quality can be ‘guaranteed’ at a cost to other resources. As the complexity of the networks and the range of the services increase there is a trade-off between resource management costs and quality of service that needs to be optimised. The whole issue of resource management in a mobile IP network is a complex trade-off of signaling, scalability, delay and offered QoS.

As already mentioned, in 4G we will encounter a whole range of new multirate services, whose traffic models in isolation and in mixed mode need to be further examined. It is likely that aggregate models will not be sufficient for the design and dynamic control of such networks. The effects of traffic scheduling, MAC and CAC (connection admission control) and mobility will be required to devise the dimensioning tools needed to design 4G networks.

Software systems

We have already seen in the previous subsection that to effect terminal and network node reconfigurability we need a middleware layer. This consists of network intelligence in the form of object-oriented distributed processing and supporting environments that offer the openness necessary to break down traditional boundaries to interoperability and uniform service provision. The mobile software agent approach is an especially important building block as it offers the ability to cope with the complexities of distributed systems. Such building blocks may reside at one time in the terminal and then in the network; or they may be composed of other objects that themselves are mobile. Within the mobile system there exists a range of objects whose naming, addressing and location are key new issues. A further step in this development is the application of the Web-service-model rather than the client/server principle; recent industry tendencies show a shift towards this paradigm and XML (extensible Markup Language) is seen as the technology of the future for Web-based distributed services. However this technology has yet to prove its scalability and suitability for future application in mobile networks.

In addition to the network utilities there will be a range of applications and services within 4G that also have associated with them objects, interfaces (APIs) and protocols. It is the entirety of different technologies that underlies the middleware for the new 4G software system.

The ‘killer application’ for 4G is likely to be the personal mobile assistant (PMA)—in effect the software complement to the personal area network—that will organise, share and enhance all of our daily routines and life situations. It will provide a range of functions including:

· Ability to learn from experiences and to build on personal experiences, i.e. to have intelligence

· Decision capability to organise routine functions with other PMAs and network data bases, e.g. diary, travel arrangements, holidays, prompts (shopping, haircut, theatre, birthdays, etc.)

· A range of communication modes: voice, image (with image superimposition via head-up displays such as glasses or retinal overlays), multiparty meetings (including live action video of us and our current environment), etc.

· Provision of navigation and positioning information and thus of location-dependent services:

· Detecting and reporting the location of children, pets and objects of any sort

· Vehicle positioning and route planning, auto pilot and pedestrian warnings

· Automatic reporting of accidents (to insurance companies, rescue services and car dealers)

· Knowledge provision via intelligent browsing of the Internet

· E-business facilities for purchasing and payment

· Health monitoring and provision of warnings

· Infotainment: music, video and, maybe, virtual reality

Of course the key to all this is ‘mobility’—we need to have the ‘PMA’ whenever and wherever we are, and this places additional complexity on network and service objects and the agents that process them.

Specifically we need to consider what the metrics are that determine which objects follow the user. Some objects can move anywhere; others can move in some directions or within a constrained area. If they can move, how will the existing service determine if resources are available to support them in their new (temporary) home? Will they still be able to function? What kind of computing architecture and middleware platforms will be capable of supporting thousands, perhaps millions, of such objects?

Aspects of security pervade the whole of this area. Rules of authentication, confidentiality, scalability and availability must now be applied to objects that are continuously mobile. A whole set of conditions that are valid at one time and place maybe invalid if transferred to another. Integrity and correctness issues must be considered when mechanisms that support applications are used in practice in the presence of other; distributed algorithms. For issues such as liveness, safety and boundedness—consistency, isolation and durability— execution semantics need to be evidenced for extension to the mobile environment.

Distributed management tools, in a complementary way, will allow a certain level of monitoring (including collection of data for analysis), control and troubleshooting. The management tools currently available do not encompass mobility efficiently and hence this is another important area of research.

The aim of the research in this area is to develop tools that can be used in 4G software systems. The following specific scenarios are being addressed in order to focus the issues:

· E-commerce, including microtransactions, share trading and internal business transactions

· Home services, ranging from terminal enhancements (e.g. enhancing the display capabilities by using the TV screen as a display unit for the terminal) to security systems and housekeeping tasks

· Transportation systems: Itinerary support, ticketing and location services are to be targeted in this area.

· Infotainment on the move: This will demonstrate the need for software and terminal reconfiguration and media-adaptation.

· Telemedicine and assistance services: Emergency team support, remote/virtual operations and surveillance of heart patients are possible stages for this scenario.

This list of scenarios can be expanded arbitrarily and also into non-consumer areas (i.e. military and emergency services), however the preconditions for service delivery and demands on the network infrastructure remain the same: they will have to be adaptable to meet the user- requirements current in 2010. Support for these scenarios may be given by intelligent agents, which may represent the terminal within the network to manage the adaptations or customisations of the communication path. On an application or service layer they may additionally be used to complete business transactions for the user (e.g. booking a theatre ticket or a flight) or to support other services. Furthermore, distributed software entities (including the variety of models from objects, via agents, to the Web-service model) will encompass management and support for applications and services as well as for user and terminal mobility.

Wireless access

In the previous two sections we have looked at the type of network and the software platforms needed to reconfigure, adapt, manage and control a diversity of multimedia, multirate services and network connections. We have seen that there will be a range of radio access air interfaces optimised to the environments and the service sets that they support. The reconfigurability and the middleware flow through to the wireless access network. The radio part of the 4G system will be driven by the different radio environments, the spectrum constraints and the requirement to operate at varying and much higher bit rates and in a packet mode. Thus the drivers are:

· Adaptive reconfigurability—algorithms

· Spectral efficiency—air interface design and allocation of bandwidth

· Environment coverage—all pervasive

· Software—for the radio and the network access

· Technology—embedded/wearable/low-power/high communication time/displays.

It has been decided within Mobile VCE not to become involved in technology issues or in the design of terminals. This is a large area, which is much closer to products and better suited to industry. The remaining drivers are all considered within the research programme.

It is possible, in principle, to increase significantly the effective bit rate capacity of a given bandwidth by using adaptive signal processing at both the base station and the mobile. In 3G systems adaptive signal processing has been restricted to the base station and so the challenge is to migrate this to the terminal and, most importantly, to make the two ends co-operative. Such techniques require close co-operation between the base and mobile stations in signalling information on channel quality, whilst making decisions and allocating resources dynamically. In addition, the capabilities of both ends of the link must be known reciprocally as the channel varies in both time and space. In order to optimise a link continuously, the wireless network must acquire and process accurate knowledge of metrics that indicate the current system performance, e.g. noise, inter- and intra-system interference, location, movement variations, and channel quality prediction. Such information and its accuracy must be passed to the higher layers of the system protocol that make decisions and effect resource allocation. The emphasis on the base station in 3G systems is obvious as this has the resources, real estate and capacity to implement the spatial—temporal digital signal processing needed for antenna arrays together with advanced receiver architectures. The challenge will be to migrate this to the much smaller terminal via efficient electronics and algorithms that will still allow a range of services and good call time. The availability of individual link metrics can also be used at a network level to optimise dynamically the network radio resources and to produce a self-planning network.

Arguably the most significant driver in the wireless access is the bandwidth availability and usage and whereabouts in the spectrum it will fall. Currently 3G technology is based around bands at 2GHz, but limited spectrum is available, even with the addition of the expansion bands. The higher bit rates envisaged for 4G networks will require more bandwidth. Where is this to be found? The scope for a world-wide bandwidth allocation is severely constrained and, even if this were feasible, the bandwidth would be very limited. The requirements are thus for much more efficient utilisation of the spectrum and, perhaps, new ideas for system co-existence. If the bandwidth is fixed we need to seek a spectrally more efficient air interface and this involves a consideration of various multiple access, modulation, coding, equalisation/interference cancellation, power control, etc. schemes. In view of our previous comments it is clear that all components of this air interface must be dynamically adaptive. As the whole network is to be IP based this will mean extremely rapid adaptation on a burst basis. In 4G systems we need to accomplish this at much higher and variable bit rates as well as in different environments (indoor, outdoor, broadcast, etc.) and in the presence of other adaptive parameters in the air interface. In time-domain systems equalisers would need to be adaptive and this raises questions of complexity. For CDMA, systems could use multicodes and adaptive interference cancellation, which again raise complexity issues. Alternatively one could move to OFDM-like systems (as in WLANs), which offer some reduction in complexity by operating in the frequency domain but raise other issues, such as synchronisation. The choice of the air interface’s multiple access scheme and adaptive components will need to be based upon the ease of adaptation and reconfigurability and on the complexity. There are also significant research challenges in this area of flexible advanced terminal architectures that are not rooted solely in physical layer problems.

A further aspect of spectrum efficiency relates to the way in which regulators allocate bandwidth. The current practice of exclusive licensing of a block of spectrum is arguably not the most efficient. It would be much more efficient to allow different operators and radio standards to co-exist in the same spectrum by dynamically allocating spectrum as loading demands. Indeed, the higher bit-rate services may need to spread their requirements across several segments of spectrum. There would then be a need for a set of rules to govern the dynamic allocation of the spectrum—a self organising set of systems to maximise the use of spectrum and balance the load. Given the degree of co-operation and the processing already envisioned this should be a realistic aim.

A great deal of work on the characterisation of radio environments has already been performed in the 2GHz and 5GHz bands within the first phase of Mobile VCE’s research, and spatial—temporal channel models have been produced. However, 4G systems will incorporate smart antennas at both ends of the radio link with the aim of using antenna diversity in the tasks of canceling out interference and assisting in signal extraction. This implies that direction-of-arrival information, including all multipath components, will be an important parameter in determining the performance of array processing techniques. There is a need to augment models with such data for both the base station and the terminal station. A more open question is where to position the next frequency bands for mobile communications. An early study is needed here in advance of more detailed radio environment characterisations.

Coverage is likely to remain a problem throughout the lifetime of 3G systems. The network-of-networks structure of 4G systems, together with the addition of multimedia, multirate services, mean that coverage will continue to present challenges. We have already seen that the likely structure will be based upon a hierarchical arrangement of macro-, micro- and picocells. Superimposed on this will be the megacell, which will provide the integration of broadcast services in a wider sense. Until now, it has been assumed that satellites would provide such an overlay, and indeed they will in some areas of the world. However, another attractive alternative could be high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), which have many benefits, particularly in aiding integration.

HAPS are not an alternative to satellite communications, rather they are a complementary element to terrestrial network architectures, mainly providing overlaid macro-/microcells for underlaid picocells supported through ground-based terrestrial mobile systems. These platforms can be made quasi- stationary at an altitude around 21—25 km in the stratospheric layer and project hundreds of cells over metropolitan areas (Fig. 7).

Due to the large coverage provided by each platform, they are highly suitable for providing local broadcasting services. A communication payload supporting 3G/4G and terrestrial DAB/DVD air interfaces and spectrum could also support broadband and very asymmetric services more efficiently than 3G/4G or DAB/DVD air- interfaces could individually. ITU-R has already recognised the use of HAPS as high base stations as an option for part of the terrestrial delivery of IMT-2000 in the bands 1885—1980 MHz, 2010—2025 MHz and 2110—2170 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, and 1885—1980 MHz and 2110—2160 MHz in Region 2 (Recommendation ITU-R M (IMT-HAPS)).

HAPS have many other advantages in reducing terrestrial real-estate problems, achieving rapid roll-out, providing improved interface management to hundreds of cells, spectrally efficient delivery of multicast/broadcast, provision of location-based services and, of course, integration. The research challenge is to integrate terrestrial and HAPS radio access so as to enhance spectral efficiency and preserve QoS for the range of services offered.

Software, algorithms and technology are the keys to the wireless access sector. Interplay between them will be the key to the eventual system selection, but the Mobile VCE’s research programme will not be constrained in this way. The aim is to research new techniques which themselves will form the building blocks of 4G.

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File Recover allows you to recover critically important documents, or other files, which have been lost by accidental deletion. These files may be lost by emptying the Recycle Bin, or using other deletion actions that bypass the Recycle Bin altogether. Such actions include Windows® Shift-Delete, command line deletion, deleting excessively large files or using applications that delete files without the Recycle Bin.
File Recover feature highlights
* Recovers files instantly from hard drives, floppy drives and other types of fixed media. If you are a home user or a network administrator, File Recover fills a critical gap in your data protection strategy.
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* Batch file recovery (recovers multiple files in one action).
* Works around bad-sector disk areas. Recovers data where other programs fail.
* Supports standard IDE/ATA/SCSI hard drives, including drives larger than 8 GB.
* Supports hard drives formatted with Windows® FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS file systems.
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TeamViewer 4.0 Latest Edition ! Access Remote COmputers ! rapidshare cracked

2009-07-19T10:28:00.000+05:30

TeamViewer 4.0 Latest Edition ! Access Remote COmputers !

The one-stop solution for remote access
TeamViewer is the fast, simple and friendly solution for remote access over the Internet - all applications in one single, very affordable module:
Remote control of computers over the Internet
Instantly take control over a computer anywhere on the Internet, even through firewalls. No installation required, just use it fast and secure.
Training, sales and teamwork
TeamViewer can also be used to present your desktop to a partner on the Internet. Show and share your software, PowerPoint presentations etc.
File transfer, chat and more
Share your files, chat, switch the direction during a teamwork session, and a lot more is included in TeamViewer
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X-Men Origins: Wolverine – Uncaged Edition megaupload and rapidshare download cracked

2009-06-18T01:14:00.001+05:30

Hollywood is seemingly on a roll with comic book adaptations since we've seen quite a lot of them recently, Batman, Ironman and Watchmen included. Even though Wolverine was the main character in all the X-Men films made until now, his success has finally resulted in a solo-movie treatment, in the form of X-Men Origins: Wolverine.

As is the current trend, a video game adaptation was quickly created by the team at Raven Software and published by Activision, just in time for the theatrical release of the blockbuster movie. Wolverine appeared in other games but, sadly, none of them managed to do him any justice, as they treated him like a very docile super hero. Now, the Canadian mutant is back and it seems that he has sharpened his claws as this game promises to deliver a truly bloody experience. Is Wolverine actually the best at what he does as he himself often claims? Read on to see our full review of X-Men Origins: Wolverine – Uncaged Edition.

Story

Our main character, although he seems like a pretty simple guy who has a no-nonsense attitude, is actually one of the most complex super heroes in all the Marvel comics universe. While the graphic novels have managed to paint a pretty accurate picture of where he came from, what he had gone through and where he is now and will be in the future, the task of translating that into a movie and into a game is nothing short of gargantuan.

For a lot of gamers who are mildly familiar with the Canadian mutant, this game will seem quite confusing, as it jumps from the future to the past to the present and everywhere in between. Only those who have actually read up on the history of this character can make sense out of the intricate story that is told in the game.

I can't really tell you a lot of things about it since it will spoil some of the big twists in Wolverine's life, but one thing is for sure – it will provide a pretty good motivation for you to slice and dice your enemies in the many settings of the game, and it will also drop some info for those of you curious to know more about the origins of the mutant.


He's the best at what he does ...	... and what he does isn't pretty

Gameplay

X-Men Origins keeps the gameplay formula quite simple, staying true to the recipe of almost all modern hack-and-slash adventure games like Devil May Cry or God of War. Wolverine has his claws, which can be used in some of the most gory ways to dispose of his enemies through some maneuvers that will leave you stunned with awe and with fear at the same time.

You basically fight bad guys on a variety of settings, from an African jungle to a research facility, while going through a mountain complex or an Alaskan forest. Sprinkle in some encounters with a few bigger monsters and some of the enemies you might already know, like Sabertooth or Gambit, and in essence this is the everything you have to do.

Sadly though, if the team at Raven Software had kept it to that minimum, showcasing that Wolverine was actually the best at what he did, then this game would have been much more enjoyable. However, they didn't, and they threw in some truly unnecessary puzzles and challenges similar to Tomb Raider. Sometimes you actually feel that you are playing as a burlier Lara Croft armed with claws and wearing a blue and yellow spandex suit. Even though the picture may seem very attractive, the tasks that you will need to fulfill are very annoying at times, as you will turn cranks, time your jumps and explore every nook and cranny in order to find your way through some maze-like levels.

In terms of enemies, the game offers some mixed results; while the normal, cannon (or in this case claw) fodder is pretty diverse, managing to mix regular soldiers with those who possess stealth devices or shields, the bigger sub-bosses are extremely poor in types. You will actually fight a Leviathan, which is a lava monster, and a Wendingo, which is a mutated human, for too many times in order for their appearance to be sort of a challenge, especially when you figure out that all you have to do is jump on their backs and start slashing away at their head.

Luckily, for all these repetitive fights, the game does offer some interesting moments, even in the normal brawls you will get into with regular soldiers. If you manage specific combos, then the action slows down and you can admire, in a matrix-style spin around your victim, your gory handy- or in this case clawy-work. Also, some events, where Wolverine takes on helicopters (!), you will get a chance to take the pilot out of his seat and introduce his head to the spinning blades of the machine, all in a very bloody manner.

The combos are quite varied and, with the added RPG-ish elements of equipping mutagens and upgrading Wolverine's skills, you will have a lot of control on your overall experience and on how you will level up, with the maximum being level 40.

Besides the normal gameplay though, the team at Raven decided to offer some interesting twists and Easter eggs, in order to make the players explore every piece of the game. I found all three hidden surprises, consisting of a Lost-style hatch, Arthas' Frostmourne sword and a cake, similar to the one in Valve's Portal video game. Besides these, and much more easy to collect, are figures of Wolverine, which allow you to enter a bonus mode where you will fight another Wolverine in order to unlock costumes that he wore in the comics.


Use your feral senses ...	... to get the jump on your enemies

Concept

The whole concept of X-Men Origins: Wolverine should really be applauded, as it is set out to offer one of the most intricate and complex stories belonging to a comic book character. Even though it will certainly seem complex to average gamers and extremely repetitive in terms of gameplay, the whole effort on the part of the team at Raven Software should be appreciated. It might not be the game a character like Wolverine deserves, but it is one he certainly needs.

He is shown in his very bloody fame, chopping, slicing and dicing his enemies, really showcasing why he is called Wolverine and why he is the best at what he does. The story is quite tragic, but in the end Wolverine's essence is offered to the gamer. He did a lot of good and bad things, which makes him sit on an almost equal footing as another famous comic book character, but from a rival company, Batman.

Graphics and Audio

Visual-wise, the game looks quite solid, with the most interesting highlight being the fact that you can actually see how Wolverine's regeneration power kicks in and he grows back his missing skin, flesh or tissue. This mechanic is something that Logan definitely needed, as his mutant healing ability has been gravely underrated in other games that featured him.

The levels are quite polished and very detailed, making your overall experience in this game a very interesting one. Sadly though, you can clearly see the fact that the game was rushed in order to make the deadline set by the movie's launch, as you will encounter quite a few glitches in terms of graphics, from floating bodies to missing textures or awkward jumps and clipping issues.

In terms of sound, Wolverine presents itself quite well, with the main aspect being the voice acting of Hugh Jackman giving the character more depth and personality. Wolverine's classic “Bub” expressions are also present, showing a lot more attitude and making the fact that you are playing with him that much more pleasant for true fans.

The taunts of the enemies are relatively varied but, by the ending chapters of the game, you will get bored with them. The monsters sound almost the same but the rival mutants, like Sabertooth or Gambit, are more fleshed out in terms of voices.


The bigger they are ...	... the harder they fall

Conclusion

It's hard to give out a final verdict on it. I'm a huge Wolverine fan and for the first time I feel like this game really gave the character the attention he needed and knew what aspects to breathe life into and what to leave alone. For die-hard fans, this is a quite memorable experience, albeit a bit annoying during the jumping puzzles and the Tomb Raider challenges.

For those who don't know much about the Canadian mutant, but who are fans of hack-and-slash games, this provides a pretty gory method of wasting your time until titles such as Bayonetta or God of War III appear at the end of this year, even though the story may seem very confusing.

Either way, for a game based on a movie based on a comic book, X-Men Origins: Wolverine – Uncaged Edition is truly one of the best examples that you can make good games and time them with movie releases.

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Password: DGN_RULZ

The Sims 3 rapidshare full with crack

2009-06-18T01:06:00.001+05:30

There are a few certain things in life, like death and taxes. And, if you are a gamer, there's a third certainty: slap a The Sims label on a content disk and it will sell like crazy. The series has sold over 100 million copies (all products combined) and The Sims 2 got more expansion packs than I can count or remember. Electronic Arts, after a delay that angered some players, unleashed The Sims 3 on the gaming world. So far, I am both excited and underwhelmed. The game manages to perfectly simulate the banality of every day life most of the time but also offers moments when the insanity of the situations, involving ghosts, crazy Sims, broken appliances and house parties, can create moments worthy of the best TV sitcoms.

The basic structure of the Sims is still there and the soap opera-like lives they lead are still engaging. I like charming co-workers, getting good at cooking, the best computer within the first three days of play (is it just me or do all the games on the screen look like clones of real life Electronic Arts videogames?). The new locations are also attractive, as is the fact that you can bump on people on the street, while just walking about the city.

But I am also underwhelmed because some of the things that bugged me in previous Sims titles are still present and even made worse. Money seems to be a bit tighter, making the game feel somewhat limited initially, characters are a bit narrower in their life focus and time still seems to crawl at some points in the game.

That being said, the fun that any player takes out of The Sims 3 will likely depend on the enjoyment they had with the first Sims and Sims 2. If you have played any of them for more than 20 hours, you'll also like this one. If you have hated simulated life before, you'll not fall head over heels while blowing hearts for The Sims 3. Read on for a more detailed look at the experience.


E.T. phone home	Red head, red dress

Gameplay

This is an open world Sims game, which means that you can move around at leisure. The city (cities if you pick up Riverview for free by registering) are living and breathing and, more importantly, moving along with the character(s) that are controlled by the player. This means that they have priorities, wishes and necessities, which come into play. And it also means that the character Sim can move around, see the city, walk the streets and meet new persons. It feels great after being cooped up in a house or an apartment. The only thing that, thankfully, you leave your Sim do alone is getting on with his/her day job, although later you can even quit it and get money from home through various occupations.

But before you do anything, you need to design a Sim. And while the interface is well designed and all the choices make sense, the sheer variety is mind boggling. On the initial run, you will likely live all the cosmetic choices as they've been set up and only mess with the character possibilities or, as I did, you will create the most outlandish character possible (huge, green skinned, quirky clothes, shades). I bet once people take a close look, the web and the Sims site will be flooded with lookalikes for all the major celebrities (imagine the headlines: Obama cooking dinner in his small home! Michael Jackson, late period, taking a shower! Will Wright fishing!).

Taking a look at the screenshots attached to this review will only offer a glimpse of what the editor can do and while some might complain that the range of outfits is limited, there are plenty of characters that can be put together from the pieces offered by Electronic Arts.

Once you've gotten a Sim, you get plopped down into the city and begin playing. As always, there are two modes: one which allows you to live the life of the Sim, and another where you can build and/or stylize your home. The various other places in the city that are not private homes, like the Stadium or the City Hall, can be used for certain activities, some of which you will be notified of, but are not simulated in full. What is simulated is walking around, talking to people on the street, having a garden, looking for rocks and seeds (which is a bit annoying and time consuming), engaging in a variety of anti social actions, kicking pink flamingos (which now fall down and need to be picked up to be kicked again) and doing all the stuff a human being can do, like writing a novel on the computer, playing videogames, taking a bath.

The nice thing about the characters is that they now have wishes to contend with. Lifetime wishes are generated when choosing perks for the Sim you are creating and usually involve something grandiose and hard to achieve, like becoming the boss of a crime syndicate or finding true love (often more than one time). Managing to achieve the goals they state gets the player quite a bundle of points that can be spent on perks. Smaller wishes pop up every day, sorta like missions, and the player can choose which ones to accept. Their rewards are smaller but they tend to add up.

One problem in The Sims 3 is time. And there are two sides to it. On the one hand, the characters take a long time for simple tasks, like getting out of bed. Making waffles for breakfast can take a whole hour, which is not right by any measurement. It's true that planning the afternoon based on when your Sim needs to go to the bathroom is no longer needed but still it takes time to do basic things and I always feel that I do a very limited number of things, besides working and sleeping, doing a Sims day. On the other hand, time tends to crawl to a halt when the Sim is sleeping or going to work (I can't yet make enough money from creative writing on my home computer). Even if you choose the highest time acceleration option, you still have to wait and, especially at night, it can get pretty annoying (even if you use the time to play the voyeur on the rest of the town).


On the computer	A bed for one

Graphics and audio

The game looks good and the performance is impressive even on a computer that is pretty close to the minimum specs. On high end machines, you can play while also using folding@home in the background with no problems. Electronic Arts is not aiming for photo realism but it has made sure that those who use the social features that allow sharing for photos and videos have something to look at.

As far as the audio experience goes, The Sims 3 annoys by using elevator music and by over doing the whole “garbled speech” thing, which Sims use when addressing one another. The music sounds like a Sunday morning cartoon crossed with music you would use for a not too bright gag show. The voices can convey the overall feelings of the Sims, so you do not need to constantly watch the emotions appearing over their heads, but soon you'd rather look out for visual clues rather than listen. I don't remember being so annoyed by the music in the previous installments, so maybe it's just me getting older and more easily aggravated. But Electronic Arts and Maxis should know that many of those who are likely to pick up The Sims 3 are those who liked making child care people run around bricked in cribs in the first Sims, people who have grown up and would like something playful while being enjoyable in the long term. I listened to some nice Prodigy while guiding my Sim through his artistic carrier. He is a painter.

Multiplayer

The Sims 3 does not have real multiplayer but sports a whole range of social features allowing players to share things, from pictures to videos and more, with other gamers. Apparently, Electronic Arts and Maxis took a page from the Spore playbook and allowed content sharing to take place. All a player needs to do is to use The Sims 3 Launcher and take a look at all the options.

Everything from objects to Sim builds to houses, clothes and accessories can be shared through something called The Exchange. I would not be surprised if, in a future add-on, Electronic Arts allows players to drop in an out of the town of another player, with characters being able to interact and maybe even create a co operative family. After all, it's the logical step in the expansion of the interaction and sharing options available in The Sims 3.

Conclusion

A big complaint about the game is that the loading screens at no point mention “Reticulating bladders,” one of the signature phrases of the original game. It may sound trivial but this underscores one of the underlying issues with the current release. The developers have created a streamlined experience that makes use of recent technology to create a more believable world in which you can do pretty much everything you want when it comes to work, romance, house creation or other social interactions. But the originality of the first release has been somewhat lost. All the improvements are “more of the same,” there's nothing that will make a veteran go “Yay!”

The execution is nearly flawless on The Sims 3 and the range of options bewildering. Once you get into it and discover how many trait combinations there are and how many goals you can accomplish, the game will surely become more addictive than The Sims 2 with all the expansions installed. Of course, more fun is set to come via downloadable content and via The Exchange service.

So, Electronic Arts has a new hit on its hands while gamers have a game that they will drive to the top of the PC charts for a long time to come. Just remember to play The Sims 3 more like a simulator of extreme life experiences, such as being certifiable crazy, homeless, completely unsocial, a serial monogamist, than like a straight game where you live a normal life.

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Quick Slide Show 2.33 full crack rapidshare

2009-06-18T01:02:00.000+05:30

Quick Slide Show 2.33
IMAGE : http://i43.tinypic.com/icpdzn.png
Specialists will be able to sensitively lessen web-site development time taking advantage of “Quick Slide Show”. Due to its flexible settings You can easily create flash movies for different demand characteristics. This makes our program a universal product for a specialist as well as for a beginner in web design. Main advantage of the program is a possibility of quick creating high-quality slide-shows of a small size.
It is a high-quality method to inform Your clients and counterparties by showing them not a static image, but a slide show of many pictures with individual text comments and sound arrangement for each image. This will increase the efficiency of the offer of Your goods and services. Besides you will be able to send to your client a CD with auto-run slide show.
Key program features:
Export Flash Shockwave Format (*.swf) + HTML + crossdomain.xml
Export Windows Projector (*.exe)
Export Screen Saver (*.scr)
Setting movie size and playing speed
Setting background color or background image
Import image files (*.bmp,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.tiff)
Add text
Text position, style, size and color
Setting text conversion
Setting text background size, color and transparency
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PC Tools File Recover key crack rapidshare

2009-06-18T00:59:00.000+05:30

PC Tools File Recover
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File Recover allows you to recover critically important documents, or other files, which
have been lost by accidental deletion. These files may be lost by emptying the Recycle
Bin, or using other deletion actions that bypass the Recycle Bin altogether. Such
actions include Windows® Shift-Delete, command line deletion, deleting excessively large
files or using applications that delete files without the Recycle Bin.
File Recover feature highlights
* Recovers files instantly from hard drives, floppy drives and other types of fixed
media. If you are a home user or a network administrator, File Recover fills a critical
gap in your data protection strategy.
* Rapid scan engine - a typical hard drive can be scanned for recoverable files
within minutes.
* Scan all files and directories on selected hard drives.
* Search for a recoverable file using part or all of its file name.
* Utilizing a non-destructive, read-only file recovery approach. File Recover will
not write or make changes to the section of the drive from which it is recovering data.
* Batch file recovery (recovers multiple files in one action).
* Works around bad-sector disk areas. Recovers data where other programs fail.
* Supports standard IDE/ATA/SCSI hard drives, including drives larger than 8 GB.
* Supports hard drives formatted with Windows® FAT16, FAT32 and NTFS file systems.
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PDF Unlocker v2.0 rapidshare crack

2009-06-18T00:56:00.000+05:30

Remove PDF files restrictions

Some PDF documents are prevented from the users for editing, copying, pasting or printing it's contents by the PDF author and this action will effectively render certain functions to be completely disabled within the PDF files. SysTools PDF Unlocker is perfect solution to easily remove PDF document restrictions.

PDF Unlocker software is a user friendly PDF restriction removal tool to unlock password protected PDF files for Editing, Copying, Printing & Extracting PDF restrictions.

PDF Unlocker is a great application which allows ysers to remove restrictions from certain PDF files. PDF restriction removal software can removes the master password and security settings within few clicks.

Here are some key features of "PDF Unlocker":

· PDF Unlocker is a pdf restriction remover tool that can remove PDF restrictions for copying, editing, printing & extracting.
· SysTools PDF Unlocker software supports Adobe Acrobat version up to 9, even with 128-bit or 256-bit encryption.
· SysTools PDF security removal software successfully supports & runs on Windows 98/ME/2000/2003/XP/Vista.
· PDF password unlocker software can disable security settings password (master password) limitations for password-protected PDF files.

Limitations:

· Can add only the sample file.

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AVG Anti-Virus 8.0 Internet Security Build 229a1410 rapidshare

2009-06-17T11:42:00.000+05:30

AVG Anti-Virus 8.0 Internet Security Build 229a1410
All-in-one protection
Anti-Virus: protection against viruses, worms and trojans
Anti-Spyware: protection against spyware, adware and identity-theft
Anti-Rootkit: protection against hidden threats (rootkits)
Anti-Spam: filters out unwanted and fraudulent e-mails (anti-phishing)
Web Shield & LinkScanner: protection against malicious websites
Firewall: protection against hackers
System Tools: for easy system management
Easy-to-use, automated protection
AVG Internet Security offers real-time protection, automatic updates, low-impact background scanning for online threats, and instant quarantining or removal of infected files ensures maximum protection. Every interaction between your computer and the Internet is monitored, so nothing can get onto your system without your knowledge. AVG scans in real time:
All files including documents, pictures and applications
E-mails (all major email programs like MS Outlook and Thunderbird supported)
Instant messaging and P2P communications
File downloads and online transactions such as shopping and banking
Search results and any other links you click on
Internet security with peace of mind
The new web shield checks every web page at the moment you click on the link to ensure you’re not hit by a stealthy drive-by download or any other exploits. All links on search results pages in Google, Yahoo, and MSN are analyzed by LinkScanner and their current threat level is reported in real-time before you click on the link and visit the site.
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Avira Premium security 9 CRACKED- BEST ANTIVIRUS 2009 rapidshare

2009-06-17T11:40:00.000+05:30

Avira premium Security 9 -- Latest With New key included
Avira Premium security CRACKED- BEST ANTIVIRUS 2009
Complete Security Suite with virus scanner, AntiAdware, AntiSpyware, AntiDialer, email protection (POP3), Personal
Firewall, AntiSpam, proactive AntiPhishing, RescueCD, backup, WebGuard and more.
Extremely high performance and detection capacity by using the latest technology, directly from Avira Labs. The Security
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With built in GameMode, Backup and RescueCD you can rest assured knowing that your PC has the very latest technology and
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On the above mentioned site avast! Professional Edition 4.8
AVG Anti-Virus 8.0
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F-Secure Anti-Virus 2009
G DATA AntiVirusKit (AVK) 2009
Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2009
McAfee VirusScan Plus 12.1
Microsoft OneCare 2.5
Norman Antivirus & Anti-Spyware 7.1
Sophos Endpoint Protection 7.5.1
Symantec Norton Anti-Virus 2009
TrustPort Antivirus Workstation 2.8
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These antiviruses are tested after every three months and out of all these AVIRA PREMIUMS SECURITY was found to be the best one.
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Loaris Trojan Remover v1.1.6.9+Serial rapidshare

2009-06-17T11:38:00.000+05:30

Loaris Trojan Remover v1.1.6.9+Serial [THE BEST!]

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You will be able to completely clean your computer of all these invasive threats!
Are you bombarded with popup ads, seeing new toolbars in your browser, is your home page changing to unwanted destinations or are you bombarded with irritating spam? Perhaps strange software loads on startup or your favorites have new entries that YOU DONT WANT.
If So.. Your PC is most likely infected with adware, spyware, spybot, trojans or another internet parasite.
These programs have the ability to track your browsing habits and even steal such personal information as bank account numbers and passwords. Spyware has the power to install more parasites on your computer without your consent. Everything you do and everything you type is being recorded right now! Companies know what your interests are! Hackers will access your PC and do anything they wish. They can even steal your Identity and You would never be the wiser!
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The Loaris Trojan Remover application was designed to remove of malware components - Trojan Horses, Worms, Adware, Spyware - when standard anti-virus software either fails to detect them or fails to effectively eliminate them. Standard antivirus programs are good at detecting this Malware, but not always good at effectively removing it.
Trojan Remover is designed specifically to disable/remove Malware without the user having to manually edit system files or the Registry. The program also removes the additional system modifications some Malware carries out which are ignored by some standard antivirus scanners.

Top 10 songs .....top 10 music, and the best songs of the year, and most wanted song of the year,and most voted song of the years....thats are listed

2009-05-08T10:12:00.003+05:30

Top 10 songs .....top 10 music, and the best songs of the year, and most wanted song of the year,and most voted song of the years....that's are listed for you..... you can watch and listen and download thews songs
1 "Roc Boys"
Jay-Z
And the winner is. . . Hov! This is black superhero music, circa 2007: Jay-Z goes to the movies and comes back with an even better film in his head, with a song that plays like the Copacabana scene in GoodFellas translated into hip-hop. The most triumphant sound anyone came up with all year, this track makes you fly in more ways than one. After thanking his drug connection and tipping his hat to God, Jigga toasts the high life over a gritty Brooklyn funky-horns riff from the Menahan Street Band. It's a celebration, bitches. Drinks is on the house!

2 "A Few Words in Defense of Our Country"
Randy Newman
"Let's drop the big one and see what happens." That was Newman's advice twenty-five years ago in "Political Science." But on this farewell to the American empire, it turns out we dropped the big one on ourselves: "The leaders we have/While they're the worst that we've had/Are hardly the worst this poor world has seen." Bush: not as bad as Stalin. Don't you feel better?

3 "Umbrella"
Rihanna
This year's "Crazy," as in the sleeper hit that becomes the world's favorite song. And then just keeps getting more popular, until everybody can hear that robot voice chanting "ella ella ella, ay ay ay" in their sleep. The guitars are prime Eighties studio rock, while the green-eyed lady on the mike sings like the Cranberries.

4 "D.A.N.C.E."
Justice
The breakout tune from the hypercool Paris dance label Ed Banger (run by Daft Punk's manager) is a blast of glitter-disco joy, with a rubbery bass line and an insistent children's chorus demanding that you "do the dance!" Just try to say no!
5 "Four Winds"
Bright Eyes
The lyrics evoke W.B. Yeats; the music, J.C. Mellencamp. No song better captured our current sense of looming apocalypse than this one, which also makes a case for Conor Oberst as one of the best — and bravest — lyricists out there: "The Bible's blind, the Torah's deaf, the Koran's mute/If you burned them all together, you'd get close to the truth."

6 "Dough Is What I Got"
Lil Wayne
Insanely prolific (or maybe just insane), the self-proclaimed Best Rapper Alive works his down-South magic over a jazzy sax sample and proves his sub-zero flow can make the shy girls horny and the fly girls corny.

7 "Rehab"
Amy Winehouse
Not since Eminem has a pop song hit with this subversive force: The contrast between the retro production and the defiantly slurred chorus is hilarious at first — then heartbreaking.

8 "Long Walk Home"
Bruce Springsteen
In a song that sums up the American moment better than any presidential candidate has managed, the darkness on the edge of town creeps into Main Street — and we're left to figure out what went wrong. And if the chorus leaves some hope that we'll regain what we've lost, the E Street Band's martial blare somehow guarantees it.
9 "Boyz"
M.I.A.
A dutty-rock jam about riding with your girls, calling out the dude version of "How many ladies in the house?" Except M.I.A. turns those shout-outs into a global-capitalism survey: "How many no-money boys are crazy . . . how many start a war?"

10 "Int'l Player's Anthem"
UGK
Before his sudden death, Pimp C celebrated his release from jail with the posse cut of the year: Houston's reigning hip-hop duo with fellow Dirty South crews Three 6 Mafia and OutKast.

11 "Stronger"
Kanye West
Robot funk is the new soul loop! With his futuristic, Daft Punk-fueled synthfest, Kanye declares he's down with hipster America's obsession with French dance music.

12 "Gunslinger"
John Fogerty
Armed with Creedence-y twang, Fogerty turns Bush's love for Wild West demagoguery against him, yearning for some frontier justice to tame the "wild-eyed bunch" running the country.

universal share downloader. rapidshare full and screenshots included free

2009-05-02T20:56:00.002+05:30

universal share downloader.

USDownloader use the CAP OCR SYSTEM to recognize the letters in the images that RapidShare, MegaUpload, FileFactory, Depositfiles and other services ask downloader to recognize.

I added some programs to automate unlimited downloading from servers like RapidShare. Its will auto reconnect your internet connection to get a new IP address.
USDownloader will work with your dial-up or Router to auto disconnect/reconnect your connection resetting your IP address for such file servers.

Universal Share Downloader (USDownloader) is a download manager for automated download a list of files from most popular free uploaders or free unlimited upload files hosting servers such as RapidShare, MegaUpload, YouSendIt, FileFactory and etc.

Universal Share Downloader is a convenient tool that allows you to queue multiple files and the USDownloader will download all the files one by one, as the uploader service allows. USDownloader even waits for the download ticket (for the uploader system that implement it) to be reserved and then starts downloading the file automatically. If the server disallow resume broken download or multiple concurrent connections, the USDownloader will also unable to resume from these uploader servers, although it has broken download resuming support built in which will be used to download the files from the sites that support resume download.

Universal Share Downloader currently supports downloading from more than 100 of the most popular online file sharing sites and the list keep increasing:

Download -

http://rapidshare.com/files/120906704/Universal.Share.Downloader.v1.3.4.92.rar

Password:geodeejay
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Visual FoxPro - rapidshare compressed (zipped)

2009-05-02T20:49:00.002+05:30

Visual FoxPro -

Microsoft Visual FoxPro: Library, learning resources, downloads, support, and community. Evaluate and find out how to install, deploy,

Download -

http://rapidshare.com/files/136036187/Microsoft_Visual_Foxpro_9.0.part1.rar

http://rapidshare.com/files/136035915/Microsoft_Visual_Foxpro_9.0.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/136035743/Microsoft_Visual_Foxpro_9.0.part3.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/136029367/Microsoft_Visual_Foxpro_9.0.part4.rar

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Adobe? PageMaker Size119MB FUll serial +crack+rapidshare

2009-05-02T20:44:00.001+05:30

Adobe? PageMaker? 7.0 software is the ideal page layout program for business, education, and small- and home-office professionals who want to create high-quality publications such as brochures and newsletters.

Get started quickly with templates, graphics, and intuitive design tools; work productively across Adobe applications; and easily leverage existing content to create customized communications.

with working serial.
its total 119 mb in 4 parts.

http://rapidshare.com/files/162962667/Adobe.pageM.7.0.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/162962848/Adobe.pageM.7.0.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/162962877/Adobe.pageM.7.0.part3.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/162962085/Adobe.pageM.7.0.part4.rar

password:
http://xenu.ws
screen shots

Adobe® PageMaker® 7.0 software is the ideal page layout program for business, education, and small- and home-office professionals who want to create

FreeBSD UNIX for Intel Processor - and AMD Processor -

2009-05-02T20:40:00.000+05:30

FreeBSD UNIX

FreeBSD for Intel Processor -

CD 1 Size - 509.4MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD

/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-i386-disc1.iso]

CD 2 Size - 694.7MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-i386-disc2.iso]

CD 3 Size - 351.5MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-i386-disc3.iso]

FreeBSD for AMD Processor -

CD 1 Size - 499MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc1.iso]

CD 2 Size - 668.3MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc2.iso]

CD 3 Size - 354.8MB[ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/7.0/7.0-RELEASE-amd64-disc3.iso]

you will be want burn this to cd or dvd

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Registry Clean Expert full

2009-05-02T20:34:00.002+05:30

Description:
The Windows registry is a database repository for information about a computer's configuration. The registry keep growing when you use Windows. As it does so, it attracts obsolete and unnecessary information, and gradually becomes cluttered and fragmented. With the growing of the registry, it can degrade the performance of the whole system and cause many weird software problems.
Registry Clean Expert scans the Windows registry and finds incorrect or obsolete information in the registry. By fixing these obsolete information in Windows registry, your system will run faster and error free. The backup/restore function of the tool let you backup your whole Windows Registry so you can use it to restore the registry to the current status in case you encounter some system failure. Besides above, the startup and BHO organizer feature let you manage your startup and IE BHO items with ease, and you can control the programs started with Windows and IE more handy with this feature!
In short, Registry Clean Expert help you get rid of the bloat in Windows registry and achieve a cleaner, faster system.
download link
http://www.uploading.com/files/TAO4DUUB/Registry_Cleaner_Expert_v4.61.rar.html
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lisit of some linux

2009-05-02T20:32:00.000+05:30

FreeBSD UNIX

OpenBSD UNIX

Fedora Linux

Solaris Linux

Debian Linux

Ubuntu Linux

Gentoo Linux

Slackware Linux

knopix Linux

Mandriva Linux etc. etc......

Which one do u want???

windows vista ultimate rapidshare links full and cracked.........

2009-05-02T20:27:00.001+05:30

windows vista ultimate

downlaod link

http://rapidshare.com/files/163327698/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part1.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/163328147/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part2.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/163328324/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part3.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/163328464/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part4.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/163328998/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part5.rar
http://rapidshare.com/files/163328717/Windows_Vista_Ultimate_Lite_Dell.part6.rar

Instructions included - i cannot write them here as pics are also needed and it is quite long - but do not hesitate - it only takes 10 mins and works 100%!!
More info is a bit hard to give but it’s basically Windows Vista 32 bit (Ultimate) in a tiny package, it has been compressed so you can download it faster instead of waiting ages for a 3GB one! once extracted follow the instructions i have provided and you will have a fully, updateable, functioning, Vista!

Windows Vista Ultimate 32bit (78MB only)
This shows that when this is extracted, a 2.44GB FILE IS CREATED!
That is the same size of an original Vista DVD!

All Video Sound Extractor 3.5 full rapidshare and easyshare links......

2009-05-02T20:23:00.000+05:30

All Video Sound Extractor 3.5

All Video Sound Extractor can extract sound tracks from VIDEO and save them as WMA, MP3 or WAV format. All Video Sound Extractor is very useful for those people who collect many music VIDEOs or who want to save a sound segment from VIDEO for some reasons.

You can specify certain time or file size to rip, for example rip VIDEO to MP3 every 30 second. It’s very easy to use. Fast ripping speed, which exceeds your expectation, saves your time greatly. The concise interface of All Video Sound Extractor ensures you can use it with ease even for the first time.
CODE

Download:
http://rapidshare.com/files/87400188/All_Video_Sound_Extractor_3.5.rar

Mirror:
http://w15.easy-share.com/1698495181.html

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WinRAR Password Remover Full Now dont worry about the RAR passowrd now we can remove it.it is 100% working..

2009-05-02T20:19:00.002+05:30

WinRAR Password Remover Full worry

Winrar password remover is a good utility to remove password protected RAR files
You can do by Brute Force .. or guess work method or use ultimate break in method to find or remove password.

Code:
http://rapidshare.com/files/154821762/WinRAR.Password.Remover.full.rar

OR

http://www.megaupload.com/?d=IDBI692J
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Rapidshare Plus Full Download Manager for Free Users (Works 100%)

2009-05-02T20:14:00.001+05:30

Rapidshare Plus - Download Manager for Free Users (Works 100%)
This is a program that downloads a queue of Rapidshare links.
1)Just add them or use the paste function.
2) Select the folder to download to.
3) Sit back and watch it download automatically
Homepage: Sharingcentre
Code:
download links-
mediafire
http://www.mediafire.com/?myafdyqtntq
OR
box
http://www.box.net/shared/nt2zlz3vge
OR
megaupload
http://www.megaupload.com/?d=PQ45UMRU
OR
rapidshare
http://rapidshare.com/files/151380510/RapidShare_Plus.rar