Facetation

Classification complexity: Job descriptions

2009-06-01T19:03:00.000-07:00

There's a paper lurking in the back of my mind. The basic idea is to exploit Ranganathan's facets and explain just how difficult it is to standardize any of those particular elements. I recently came across a wonderful bit of complexity. The US Office of Personnel Management has these byzantine guidelines to job classification that just go on and on.

Circumvallation

2009-04-10T12:02:00.000-07:00

I had a very vivid dream last night. To be more exact, it occurred this morning. Claire got up with Finn while I dozed in bed. And then I started to play a German-style strategy game.

The game was called Circumvallation. The tagline on the box read: "Uncle Toby's favourite game!" (perhaps a reference to Tristam Shandy). The setting of the game appeared to be the Thirty Years War. But the point of the game was to conquer a fortified town. One player is the besieger and the other is the besieged. Each team gets various military units and defenses. Furthermore, they can deploy additional resources as the game proceeds.

Essentially, the besieger has twenty turns to take the town, at which point an ally comes to save the town. But they also can't run out of food. And I think there were add on packs for specific historical events like the Siege of Breda or the Siege of Haarlem.

Out of Gas

2009-03-17T19:17:00.000-07:00

So I'm struggling on my dissertation. The break that I took to "get perspective" is starting to turn into a rout. And I'm having a very hard time getting back into things. I have a lot of excuses: work is very busy (it's the economy, you know!), I've been sick, etc. But those things are just excuses. Perhaps I need to start smaller.

So why is my boring chapter important? What do I need to do with it?

Part of the mission is figuring out how the genie got into the bottle. I want to uncover some of the labour required to build these things.

Why is this revelation important? Well, these works are notable because they are taken as evidence of earlier technical practice. But their status as "factual documents" is far from certain. Another issue is that -- rightly or wrongly -- these works serve as stand-ins or exemplars for modern practice.

As books, these works have a number of limitations, including the role of rhetoric, etc. (pull from proposal). One approach to addressing these issues is to treat the works as technology. But why would I want to treat these things as technology? Because technology is about utility rather than meaning. The meanings are ascribed to the objects via various interpretive communities. They don't assign their own meanings.

So one of the goals is to unpack the problems using a model of technology. SCOT is an influential model for addressing technology.

The approach is to apply some methods of SCOT to a sequence of works and authors that are representative of the genre. The use of an expansive history is consistent with other approaches to analysis such as the longue duree and chaine operatoire.

This analysis is not, however, a microstudy. Detailed records and narrative accounts that document the creation of these works are, unfortunately, non-existent (FN: but there is some potential for more modern works such as AGS 11). What we do have, however, are the histories of the authors and the words they left both in their books of machines and in their other works.

Completing this study required several steps. The first step was to determine which authors to include for study. The second step was to compile detailed life histories of each of these authors using existing secondary and -- where available -- primary resources. In many cases, this information had to be translated from non-English sources. The third step was to conduct comparative analysis of the various machine books in order to determine how the books evolved through through time. This historical and analytical information may be of some value to a historian interested in the background of these works, it does not address the primary question of this study, namely: How did these machine books come to be? Instead, this material -- included as Appendix A -- served as input for an additional round of analysis. This round focussed on the issues posed by SCOT as an analytical method, namely the problems, groups, and technologies that evolved to stabilize these artefacts.

So, how do I get to these things? I'm not sure. What do I want to produce?

So perhaps the issue is "interpretative flexibility" and the ongoing inabilility to support objective meanings? Alder makes a big deal about objectivity. In this case, things work against it.

Sweet's: And February

2008-12-17T14:17:00.000-08:00

Sweet's: And the saga stretches into January 1906

2008-12-17T14:16:00.001-08:00

Sweet's: Another update

2008-12-17T14:14:00.001-08:00

December 1905 saw another update:

Sweet's: The status update

2008-12-17T14:11:00.000-08:00

And in November, there was an update.

Sweet's: The first response

2008-12-17T14:08:00.000-08:00

The response to Sweet's came in quickly (October 1906):

Sweet's: The announcement

2008-12-17T14:00:00.001-08:00

The first announcement of Sweet's from Architectural Record Volume 18, September 1905.

Making the Case for Sweet's: The manufacturer's view

2008-12-17T13:45:00.000-08:00

From Architectural Record, March 1905:

Making the Case for Sweet's: The architect's view

2008-12-17T13:43:00.000-08:00

I've had a recurring interest in Sweet's. I've recently discovered that the old volumes of Architectural Record are up on Archive.org. Before the Architectural Record Co. released Sweet's they published a series of articles about the problems of catalogues. Here's the architect's view from February 1905 (Volume 17):

Check Architectural Record for February 1905 (Volume 17). Volume 18 contains some interesting information, perhaps to prepare for the introduction of Sweet's:

http://www.archive.org/details/architecturalrec17newyuoft

F.W. Dodge

2008-12-11T09:37:00.001-08:00

My recent interest in corporate history and information organization has led me to F.W. Dodge, one time parent of Sweet's. I'm not sure what information is available but some starting points include:

Corporate America: a historical bibliography.
United States corporation histories: a bibliography 1965-1990.
International directory of company histories.
Corporate archives and history: making the past work.
Reminiscences of Carl Coash : oral history, 1956
Reminiscences of Donald Cushing McGraw : oral history, 1964.
Reminiscences of Alton Walker Kitchens : oral history, 1973.
Reminiscences of Paul Abbott : oral history, 1964.
Reminiscences of Wallace Francis Traendly : oral history, 1964.
Tebbel's A History of Book Publishing in the United States.

We'll see where this goes.

Some other information: (May, 1903). Yale Law Journal, 12(7): 460-461. An article on Dodge's conflict with a competitor.
George A. Christie was a long time economist for Dodge. He may have left something.

Some more insight from the biography of Howard Wesley Johnson, Holding the Center:

"I had no trouble getting jobs in downtown Chicago, and I worked forty hours a week doing low-skill tasks. I soon got a job at F.W. Dodge, the construction data company in the Merchandise Mart on the Chicago River, running their mimeograph machines. The minimum wage in those years was forty cents per hour, so twenty hours produced $8.00. But I soon arranged the job so that I could start at 4 P.M., when my classes were essentially over, and work until 8, and then worked out an arrangemetn for finishing the day's mimeographing in two ours by running two or three machines and still drawing the same daily pay. By the time I left that job, I was making the equivalent of $1.60 per hour.

"The night crew at F.W. Dodge consisted of envelope stuffers who would arrive at 6 P.M. and fill the addressed envelopes with data sheets on construction in Chicago. The crews were mostly young women of Italian decent, and the workroom next to the mimeography room was full of song, laughter and, occasionally, shouted ribald remarks. I didn't mind it a bit and especially lokked forward to the monthly party where we enjoyed sandwiches brought from their homes and five-cent cokes from the machine amid noise, dancing, and fun. It was a happy constrast to the dull grind of my college classes." p. 16

Notes on Kranakis: Constructing a Bridge

2008-11-28T08:59:00.000-08:00

- There were no more than 30 civil engineers in the US in 1815.
- Finley used various information sources for his early suspension bridge. Historical precedent -- Chinese bridges -- provided the inspiration and the Encyclopedia Britannica (1797) provided the strength of materials. He also built a model, perhaps getting inspiration form Abraham Rees's Cyclopeadia and it's entry on bridges. He also may have consulted a work like Gadson's Geometrical rules made easy for the use of mechanicks concerned in building (1739).
- He was primiarly working before 1812 and the formalization of engineering practice.
- Navier used -- but was critical of -- Belidor's Architecture hydraulique.
- "Relatively little has been written about the history of the maintenance and repair of engineering structures, but this history is at least as long and complex as the history of their initial construction, and equally important." p. 189
- "Finley used models, and experimental apparatus comprising cables, pulleys, and weights. He also sought undertanding through encyclopedia articales on bridges and on the strenth of iron, and through the construciton (in 1801) of a 7o-foot trial span over a stream close to Uniontown. Navier's tools were mainly mathematical: calculus, Fourier series, elasticity theory, mathematical statics, and a variety of specific equations such as the equation for belt friction. Navier also sought understanding through inspection of existing British bridges, through discussions with the builders of some of those bridges, and through published literature, not only on suspension bridges, but also on mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and elasticity theory." p. 199
- Manuals by Dennis Hart Mahan and Charles Storrow came from European sources.
- Check: Charlton, History of theory of structures in the nineteenth century.
- West Point, established 1802. Rensselaer, established 1825. A number of engineering schools opened between 1830 and 1860: Brown, Harvard, Yale, Wesleyan, University of Michigan, New York University, Dartmouth, Rutgers, Indiana University, Cincinnati College, University of Pennsylvania, University of Virginia, University of Georgia, University of Maryland.
- Morrill Act opened up another slew of schools after 1862.
- Note: American inventors followed the patent literature which quickly adopted standard presentation. Not so much for the French.
- CHK: Dorn (Dissertation), The art of building and the science of mechanics: A study of the union of theory and practice in the early history of structural analysis.
- CHK: Danko (Dissertation), The evolution of the simple truss bridge, 1790-1850.
- CHK: Hindle and Lubar, Engines of Change.
- CHK: Weiss, THe making of technological man: The social origins of French engineering education.

SaaS, market making, and the Cloud

2008-11-27T09:23:00.000-08:00

I've recently begun to increase my coverage of virtualization, particularly application virtualization. The intersection of virtualization and my typical enterprise application coverage has afforded some interesting insights. Many of the major vendors are now positioning a Carr-esque vision of utility computing. While the applications themselves may not necessarily live somewhere out on the cloud, extra capacity and provisioning might.

So it seems like there is now a viable vision for utility computing. There is actually some promise in the Cloud -- providing, of course, that enterprises make the requisite investments in virtualization to encapsulate and consolidate their application stacks.

I'm now wondering if there will be a fluid market in computing capacity. Will it trade the same way that we currently trade electricity or other commodities? What has to happen to fulfill this vision?

My thoughts:

1. Standardization. There has to be some sort of standardization on the types of services provided by different producers. There could be no universal market for electricity until there was some sort of standardization on service e.g., AC vs. DC, current, etc. Different cloud providers are currently offering very different types of services so it's certainly not a commodity.
2. Ratings. Assuming that we get standardization -- driven either by industry standards or by legislated standards -- then it becomes possible to compare different offerings. But there must be a mechanism that accounts for risk in these comparables. We would need some sort of D&B, S&P, Moody's.
3. Sufficient liquidity. There has to be enough market activity to support some sort of open exchange.
4. Market makers. Somebody is going to have to be the market maker for the emerging market in order to set prices, increase information, and improve process efficiency.

But could this process be bi-directional? Could anyone with a data center sell additional capacity into the web? This notion seems to resonate with some of the work currently being done in the electrical markets.

Children's Books

2008-11-21T09:33:00.000-08:00

I recently came across on oral history about children's book publishing at McGraw-Hill. Some other resources that could help that project, if it ever happens, include:

Marcus, Leonard (2008). Minders of make-believe. DBW Z480.C48M37 2008.
Eddy, Jacalyn (2006). Bookwomen: creating an empire in children's book publishing, 1919-1939. DBW Z480.C48E33 2006.

The History of Audel's. To be continued...

2008-11-20T09:02:00.000-08:00

My father had a set of books that always intrigued me. They sat on some bookshelves in the hall. The five volume set was bound in leather with gilt work on the covers. Each book was of a modest size and they somehow looked more like prayerbooks than textbooks. The set was about carpentry and was published by a long forgotten company, Theo. Audel and Co. So what is the history of Audel's?

We'll start with a very early trade journal. Power, was once Steam, and was founded by N. Hawkins, who wrote under the name Theodore Audel. The publication was established in October 1882. It eventually became the cornerstone of the McGraw-Hill empire but it's N.Hawkins that is most interesting. And so I'll turn to the NY Times.

Hmmm... not much there. A note in the 14 January 1963 edition of the NY Times (p.3) noted that Howard W. Sams and Co. "publishers of technical and trade manuals, books, and magazines" had acquired New York based American Handbook and Textbook Co., and its subsidiary Theodore Audel and Co.

Now the Howard W. Sams Company has an odd history. The founder sold the company in 1967 to ITT corporation. In 1985, ITT sold the company to Macmillan Publishing. In 1987, Macmillan was acquired by Robert Maxwell who sold off many of the divisions. The remaining assets were put on the block in 1989 and it was acquired by two executives who then sold the company to Bell Atlantic in 1995. In 2000 the company was sold again to a startup called eCatalogs, who spun off all assets that weren't catalog-related. The were acquired by Damon Davis who established Sams Technical Publishing. After a variety of transactions with Thomson Learning, the remaining assets were acquired by AGS Capital. Now that history is of some interest since I remember the Sams manuals from the early days of the Internet. But it doesn't get me to a history of Audel's. Back to N. Hawkins.

Was he Nehemiah Hawkins? Who apparently also wrote under the name of William Rogers? And may have been born in 1833? He may even be credited with the first usage of the word "bug" for a technical problem. A Nehemiah Hawkins was also instrumental in the establishment of Highland Park Illinois.

An engagement accouncement noted that a Harriet R. Hawkins, daughter of Nehemiah Hawkins, was betrothed to Herbert W. Todd (Sept. 27 1905, p. 9. NY Times). Another daughter, Mildred, seems to have been married to Walter Edward Jarvis on 12 December 1911 (13 December 1911, p. 11, NY Times). Maria Virginia, "beloved wife of Nehemiah Hawkins," died on 22 November 1913 (23 November 1913, p. c7, NY Times). The obit notes some connection to Springfield MA and Chicago. She died on her 70th birthday. A more detailed notice the next day (p.7) notes that she was the wife of Hawkins, "author and publisher of many scientific works." Nehemiah apparently lived a great deal longer.

The obituary for Hawkins from 17 January 1928 (p.29 NY Times) reads:

Nehemiah Hawkins Dies.

Publisher, Author and Inventor -- Descendant of Roger Williams.

Nehemiah Hawkins, retired publisher, author and inventor, seventh in descent from Roger Williams, founder of the Providence Plantation, died on Sunday in Scarsdale at the age of 94.

He was born in Providence, RI, and spent his youth in Springfield, Mass., where he began his career with the Merriam Company, publishers of Webster's Dictionary. Later, while residing in Chicago he was influential in the founding of the original Chicago University. Coming to this city, he published technical books for industrial works. He was one of the founders of Power, an engineering periodical. He belonged to the Park Avenue Baptist Church. He left a son, Victor, and two daughters, Mrs. Mildred H. Jarvis and Mrs. Herbert W. Todd.

The obituary in the Chicago Daily Tribune (18 January 1928, p.33) gives some more details. Apparently, he was "a pioneer Chicago railway construction engineer and bridge builder.... Mr. Hawkins came to Chicago in 1856 with the firm of Stone & Boomer. Later he entered the milling business and became a member of the Board of Trade. He was a brother of F.P. Hawkins of the Moraine hotel, Highland Park." F.P. Hawkins was perhaps Frank Hawkins, manager of the Highland Park Building Company.

In addition to his various books, Hawkins had some patents to his credits. He was issued #156,421 for "Improvement in bucket-elevators" (3 November 1874), #85930 (19 January 1869) for "Improvement in construction of elevator-buckets", #372,467 (1 November 1887) for "Binder" -- a way of putting together books, #172,247 (28 March 1876) for "Improvement in coal-hods", and #234,868 (3 November 1880) for "Screw conveyor."

So we have the typical tech works. And then there's this very odd thing: "The mormon of the little manitou island: an historical romance by the Knight of Chillon of Switzerland and Associates." It was published by the Uplift Company. The listed address -- 253 West 88th Street in New York -- matches the address provided in the various obituaries and marriage notices. The book was published in 1916, three years after the death of his wife and is dedicated to "Roger Williams", the author of "Religious Liberty."

Who was Richard F. Hawkins? A brother perhaps? There's an advertisement in the "Northampton and Easthampton Directory" (1883/1884) for the R.F. Hawkins' Iron Works, "Successor to Wm. Howe, Stone & Harris, and Harris & Hawkins." It notes that the company does "Howe Truss, Pin and Link, Riveted Lattice and Solid Plate Girder Bridges, Draw Bridges, Turn Tables, Bolts, Forgings, R.R. Frogs and Switches, Steam Boilers, Tanks, and all Riveted Work, Iron and Brass Castings Building Fronts, Etc. Machine and Blacksmith Work to Order." It provides a Springfield MA address.

Are there other hints? Hawkins' Indicator Catechism is dedicated to Henry Raabe, M.E. The Progressive Machinist was dedicated to "the late Gustave Kemmerling M.E. of Berlin, my first instructor in the noble art of which he was master." Aids to Engineers' Examinations was dedicated to Victor Hawkins (who also assisted with the Mechanical Dictionary). The Handbook of Calculations for Engineers and Fireman was dedicated to "C.A.H. with filial affection." Maxims and Instructions for the Boiler Room was "Fraternally inscribed to W.R. Hawkins, R.F. Hawkins, and F.P. Hawkins."

It seems that Frank P. Hawkins was quite a popular guy in Chicago.

Nehemiah gets a write up in "A dictionary of North American authors deceased before 1950" and Richard Fenner gets some treatment in "The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Volume 3, 1891." He also gets some mention in a book called "Massachusetts of today: a memorial of the state, historical and biographical, issued for the World's Columbian exposition at Chicago":

RICHARD F. HAWKINS is a man whom the citizens of Springfield have time and again sought to honor with political office, but who has steadfastly refused to step beyond the bounds of private life, excepting in two or three instances where he considered it his duty to do so. Mr. Hawkins is a representative man of the times. He was born in Lowell, Mass., March 9, 1837, but removed to Springfield with his family at an early age. When sixteen years old he was graduated from the Springfield High School and began work as an office boy for Stone & Harris, railroad bridge builders. He continued with them until 1862, when Mr. Stone retired and Mr. Hawkins, in partnership with D. L. Harris, continued the business. In 1867 Mr. Harris retired, and Mr. Hawkins absorbed the entire business, under the name of the R. F. Hawkins Iron Works. He has since continued the business without a change, and has greatly increased the volume of the business. When Mr. Hawkins first became a member of the firm the building of the Howe truss bridge was the principal business carried on. Prior to this time nothing but wooden bridges had been built. Mr. Hawkins began the construction of iron bridges, and for many years has constructed only those. Mr. Hawkins is a natural mechanic, and to him should be credited in considerable measure the development of the use of iron as a building commodity in New England. In addition to bridges he has conceived and turned out a large quantity of the iron and steel material used in the construction of the railroads and locomotives of today.

His business has grown until he is proprietor of one of the leading industries of the city. Among the structures that stand as fair examples of his work are the New Bedford and Springfield jails, which are constructed largely of iron. Among the other notable structures for which Mr. Hawkins is responsible is the Willimansett bridge, near Holyoke, eight hundred feet in length. This bridge is built of iron, and was constructed at the expense of the city of Holyoke and neighboring towns.

He also constructed the North Hampton bridge for the Massachusetts Central Railroad. This is an iron bridge, and is one thousand five hundred feet in length. Mr. Hawkins is a Republican, and has frequently been the choice of the party managers for mayor, but he has never been induced to accept the nomination, for the reason that he would be compelled to neglect either the office or his private business. He was an alderman for three years, and is at the present time a watercommissioner. Mr. Hawkins is one of the most active members of the Board of Trade and one of the directors. He is also a member of the Financial Committee of the Hampden Savings Bank. Mr. Hawkins was married on Sept. 3, 1862, to Cornelia Morgan, daughter of A. B. and Sarah (Cadwell) Howe. They have five children, Paul, Florence, Edith, Ethel and David Hawkins. In all matters relating to the scientific construction of iron bridges Mr. Hawkins is considered one of the best authorities in the country, and his opinion is held in high esteem by experts in the same line of work.

There is some information on Stone and Boomer. There is apparently even a manuscript by Frank F. Fowle entitled "Memoir of General George Boardman Boomer Bridge Builder and Soldier" that was "compiled from private sources for the Engineering History Division of the Western Society of Engineers." A copy -- or perhaps the original source materials -- are now housed in the Ambraham Lincoln Library and Museum (#94-0049). The scope notes provide some other names of potential interest: Amasa Stone, Andros B. Stone, and Lucius B. Boomer. His sister, Amelia Stone, also wrote a book about him called "Memoir of George Boardman Boomer" in 1864. It was the general's brother -- Lucius B. Boomer and A.B. Stone (Andros B. perhaps?) who established a bridge building business in the winter of 1851. He went to St. Louis to manage the business. He became a partner in the firm about 1853-54.

So who were Andros B. Stone and Lucius B. Boomer? Lucius B. Boomer also established the American Bridge Company in 1870. It was liquidated in 1878 but reemerged in 1891 as the American Bridge Works, which was eventually acquired by the American Bridge Company (eventually acquired by U.S. Steel).

So I'm not getting any closer to a history of Audels but some pieces are starting to fall into place.

Fedor Emelienenko vs. Brock Lesnar

2008-11-20T07:33:00.000-08:00

It's rare for me to stray beyond my typical academic haunts of handbooks and history. But I sometimes have to entertain my other passions. And I am a fan of mixed martial arts, in all of its various incarnations.

There was an important event this last weekend. Brock Lesnar, former NCAA and WWE wunderkind, defeated the sport's heavyweight godfathers: Randy Couture. This result wasn't totally unexpected. Vegas had it called on the betting line and a number of prominent analysts called for a relatively early KO. In beating Mr. Couture, Mr. Lesnar has become the heavyweight champion of the UFC and has gained a considerably amout of respect from fans. But he's still not top of the heap. During a contract dispute Mr. Couture refused to defend his title so an interim champion was named. There is an upcoming fight between Frank Mir and Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira for this particular title. There will then be a unification bout to finally establish the heavyweight champion. The outcome of this eventual fight is far from certain. Mr. Mir was victorious in Mr. Lesnar's debut -- although Mr. Lesnar has improved considerably since then -- and Mr. Nogueira is an MMA legend having fought and defeated many of the greatest fighters in both the UFC and in the now-defunct Japanese promotion, PRIDE. Mr. Nogueira's striking, jiu-jutsu, and ability to withstand massive amounts of punishment will make him a very difficult opponent for Mr. Lesnar.

The UFC is not, however, the only promotion for MMA. Perhaps the best heavyweight fighter in the world, for example, has never fought in the UFC. Fedor Emelienenko, from Russia, was the dominant force in PRIDE and decisively won his first fight against former UFC champion Tim Sylvia in the upstart Affliction promotion. Much conversation has now turned to the discussion of a potential fight between Mr. Lesnar and Mr. Emelienenko. The Russian has even expressed some interest in the matchup and it is well worth considering the outcome.

There is currently a great deal of miniformation in the discussion forums of various blogs. WWE fanboys claim that Mr. Lesnar is the greatest fighter ever while MMA hardliners take the view that Mr. Emelienenko is undefeatable.

Let's first consider Mr. Lesnar. Physically, the man is a monster and has to cut weight to make the 265 pound heavyweight cutoff. He is also incredibly agile and fast for such a large man. His wrestling and ability to control an opponent is very strong and his striking skills are developing rapidly. Could Mr. Emelienenko defeat such an opponent?

The Russian has certainly fought big men: Kerry Schall, Semmy Schilt, Zuluzhino, Mark Hunt, Hong-Man Choi, and Tim Sylvia. This list does, however, require some commentary. Schall, a wrestler, lacked the speed, power, and agility of Lesnar. Zuluzhino is a very large man, but lacked any discernible fighting skills in his encounter with Fedor. Hong-Man Choi is an incredibly huge individual but is a striker with limited wrestling skills. Schilt is also a striker. Fedor was able to win these bouts by controlling his opponents on the ground and forcing either a ground and pound or a submission. Fedor would have tremendous difficulty in using such a strategy against Lesnar.

The prospect of a Fedor/Lesnar fight introduces some other issues. Would the cage be an issue? Fedor always fights in a ring and has rarely had to use clinch or Greco-Roman skills. Lesnar may have a big advantage in the cage. Other PRIDE fighters -- notably Mirko Cro Cop Filipovic -- have struggled with the limits of the cage.

Another big question is the issue of weight class. The UFC has resisted efforts to reform weight classes, establishing light heavyweight from 205 to 225 and heavyweight from 225 to 265. According to this scheme, many of the dominant heavyweights would more realistically be light heavyweights (e.g., Fedor, Nogueira, Arlovski, etc.). This reform would then open heavyweight to the likes of Lesnar and Shane Carter.

Hawkins and Audel

2008-11-18T08:54:00.000-08:00

Whoa... a very odd thing. In looking up the history of Platts I discovered a reference to Mr. N. Hawkins. It notes that in 1882, under the name of Theodore Audel, he established a magazine called "Steam." The next year, two advertising salesmen from Boston -- Emerson Harris and Horace Swetland -- buy out Audel and rename the publication "Power, and which is incorporated Steam." James H. McGraw was hired as an advertising manager of Power two years later. In 1902, John A. Hill bought Power Magazine and Warren Cumming Platt dropped out of school to become a reporter. He established National Petroleum News as in 1909 as a means of distributing independent information.

Oral Histories of Note

2008-11-18T08:51:00.000-08:00

I've come across some interesting histories that have -- apparently -- been way understudied. The following interviews are of particular interest to me:

7. Title: Reminiscences of Moses Nelson Baker
RLIN number: NXCP86-A7
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project
Description: Associate editor, ENGINEERING NEWS; editing MANUAL OF AMERICAN WATERWORKS; public vs. private water rights ownership, water and sewage purification plants; purchase of ENGINEERING NEWS by John A. Hill, editorial policies; George Frost; publication of MUNICIPAL YEARBOOK.
Extent: Transcript: 23 leaves/23

6. Title: Reminiscences of Carl Nagel
RLIN number: NXCP88-A86
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Professional books at McGraw-Hill; characteristics of book authors; competition for authors; keeping abreast of developments in engineering; criteria for book selection; experts in the technical field as book judges; keeping titles alive; publication of engineering reference works; revisions and book lists.
Extent: Transcript: 29 leaves/52

6. Title: Reminiscences of Wallace Francis Traendly
RLIN number: NXCP88-A129
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part IV
Description: Dodge division of McGraw-Hill Information Services; reorganization, expansion; acquisition of Photronics; Sweet's enterprises; advantages of new management organization of publications company; specialized industry magazines, trend toward centralization; revenue forecast.
Extent: Transcript: 36 leaves/88

6. Title: Reminiscences of Alton Walker Kitchens
RLIN number: NXCP89-A36
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part IV
Description: Background with Dodge Reports; acquisition by McGraw-Hill; Dodge expansion into western United States; services provided for evaluating markets and information dissemination; employment of computers; Photronics-SCAN operation and reorganization; adjustment of Sweet's interior design file; postal delivery problems; the energy crisis.
Extent: Transcript: 45 leaves/133

5. Title: Reminiscences of Bela Z. Reiter
RLIN number: NXCP87-A110
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Education and early experiences; illustrator for McGraw-Hill from 1913; technical innovations and experiments in illustration; head of McGraw-Hill illustration department, 1943; impressions of executives.
Extent: Transcript: 46 leaves/179

*. Title: Reminiscences of Helene Frye
RLIN number: NXCP89-A6
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Development of juvenile division of trade department, early 1940s; first list of seven books published 1944; effects of World War II on department ; children's tastes; getting good authors for children's books; the Miss Pickerel series; organization of the department; book illustration.
Extent: Transcript: 24 leaves/203

5. Title: Reminiscences of Fred Herbert Colvin
RLIN number: NXCP87-A35
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Family background: father worked for company which advertised in AMERICAN MACHINIST; John A. Hill as editor of LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEER; first editor of MACHINERY, 1894; recollections of John A. Hill; McGraw-Hill merger.
Extent: Transcript: 21 leaves

5. Title: Reminiscences of Harold Whittlesey McGraw, Jr.
RLIN number: NXCP88-A138
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Beginning at McGraw-Hill 1946; trade department Whittlesey House later continued as juvenile books; development of market for technical books; sales force and executives of Trade Department; publishing fiction, how to do it books; literature in the Trade Department, longevity of books; gauging sales of a book.

4. Title: Reminiscences of Paul Abbott
RLIN number: NXCP86-A
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part III
Description: F.W. Dodge Corporation history prior to merger with McGraw-Hill; merger negotiations; influence of merger on McGraw-Hill's philosophy; Dodge's growth potential within McGraw-Hill.
Extent: Transcript: 20 leaves

4. Title: Reminiscences of S. T. Henry and Willard T. Chevalier
RLIN number: NXCP88-A71
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: McGraw-Hill from 1904: early association with James H. McGraw, Horace M. Swetland, and John A. Hill; McGraw's abilities as engineer and editor; McGraw and Hill firms in World War I, merger after Hill's death; innovations in civil engineering in early 20th century.

4. Title: Reminiscences of Hugh Joseph Kelly
RLIN number: NXCP89-A41
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Family background; editorship of Columbia University daily, THE SPECTATOR; Columbia University Press; McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1927, Martin Foss and Edward Caldwell; relationship between Book Company and parent company; sales and promotion; buying on approval; expansion of college traveling system; merger with Shaw Company, vocational and textbook publishing; publications dates and revisions; Whittlesey House; international business; Gregg merger; book printing, binding, storage and distribution; paper supply.

3. Title: Reminiscences of Edward E. Booher
RLIN number: NXCP86-A30
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: School Department at McGraw-Hill, five-year program 1947, relationship with College Department, finances from 1930 to 1950, quality of personnel, acquisition of Harper's list, 1952, potential market; agricultural publishing; educational film, film-book series; experience as college traveler; Gregg merger: Gregg staff, sales volume, financial success 1949, type-writing publications, bookkeeping program, revision of business English, business mathematics, office management programs, Gregg magazines, stationery, schools; Gregg College in Chicago, Gregg Schools in England, Gregg hold on South American market; establishment of Technical and Business Education Dept., 1941; technical training manuals during World War II; engineering training in United States, 1931 to postwar period; correspondence courses, authors in technical education field.

3. Title: Reminiscences of Sidney Dale Kirkpatrick
RLIN number: NXCP89-A36
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Childhood and education in Illinois; Illinois State Water Survey; Assistant editor, CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING, 1921; James D. Ross, Dr. Fritz Haber; World War II organizing technical industrial intelligence, Manhattan Project, witness to atomic explosions in Japan; development of CHEMICAL WEEK, Perry's HANDBOOK; recollections of James H. McGraw, Sr.

2. Title: Reminiscences of Mason Britton
RLIN number: NXCP86-A39
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Work with Atlantic Coastline Railroads; employment by AMERICAN MACHINIST, 1901; recollections of John A. Hill; honest circulation, changes in advertising, expansion and reorganization after purchase of POWER; Hill's publishing philosophy, competition with James H. McGraw, and merger; effects of World War I, the Depression and World War II on McGraw-Hill, consolidation of book companies; work for government during World War II; recollections of Arthur Baldwin.

2. Title: Reminiscences of George M. MacMurray
RLIN number: NXCP88-A135
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Recollections of very early days of McGraw Publishing Company when it was known as The Street Railway Publishing Company, work as an office boy; engineering courses at School of Science and Technology at Pratt Institute, business courses at New York University; general editorial issues; financial panic of 1907; ELECTRIC RAILWAY REVIEW'S journalistic achievements; purchase of SUCCESS magazine; growth of city bus systems and start of BUS TRANSPORTATION.

2. Title: Reminiscences of Robert Forrester Boger
RLIN number: NXCP87-A5
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: McGraw-Hill and American business: changes from ownership management to professional management, the creation of a science of business management thorugh graduate business education, editorial responsibility, continuity; McGraw-Hill's three aviation magazines from 1945: creation of AVIATION WEEK and its editorial formula; editorial hierarchy and authority; definition of civil engineering; social consequences of building in New York City.

2. Title: Reminiscences of Hugh Joseph Kelly
RLIN number: NXCP89-A41
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part III
Description: Mergers with Dodge, Webster, and Breskin; printing advances; use of offset and computer; information explosion; sale of technical books abroad; company philosophy.

2. Title: Reminiscences of Donald Cushing McGraw
RLIN number: NXCP88-A138
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part III
Description: Merger with Dodge; key to success in managing McGraw-Hill; future direction of the company; perception of major accomplishments of past decade.

1. Title: Reminiscences of Frank Dickman
RLIN number: NXCP87-A91
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: McGraw-Hill's subscription and collection department; the Book Company; general responsibilities; relationship between magazines and books; growth of the organization.

1. Title: Reminiscences of Edward J. Mehren
RLIN number: NXCP88-A104
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part I
Description: Education; work on staff of ENGINEERING RECORD; association with John M. Goodell; left McGraw-Hill 1911; return to McGraw-Hill 1912; impressions of Curtis Whittlesey, treasurer of McGraw-Hill; World War I; James H. McGraw: editorial principles, knowledge and abilities; merger of McGraw and Hill firms; Hill organization and its staff; McGraw-Hill technical publications.

1. Title: Reminiscences of Waldo G. Bowman
RLIN number: NXCP86-A42
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Engineering education, Harvard Business School; ENGINEERING NEWS-RECORD: characteristics of publication, staff changes, national correspondents; covering world construction news; readership problems of CONSTRUCTION METHODS; horizontal and vertical publications; ENGINEERING NEWS-RECORD's prestige among military engineers; war experiences on Remagen bridge; determining reasons for architectural failures; World War II experiences; competition in engineering magazine field.

1. Title: Reminiscences of Dexter Merriam Keezer
RLIN number: NXCP89-A42
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part II
Description: Description of Department of Economics at McGraw-Hill: its origin, function and relationship with balance of organization.

1. Title: Reminiscences of Wallace Francis Traendly
RLIN number: NXCP88-A9
Document type: Oral history
Accessibility: Free Only
Repository: Columbia University. Oral History Research Office
Collection: McGraw-Hill Project, Part III
Description: Assets gained from F.W. Dodge merger, 1961; characteristics of F.W. Dodge Company; future plans.

Other topics: Platt on oil? Publishing during the depression? Pitman shorthand?

On English Handbooks

2008-11-13T13:15:00.000-08:00

My focus is primarily technical handbooks. But there is a literature on writing handbooks. Segal (1995), for example, notes:

"The definition of handbooks as referential reveals a peculiarity of the genre: these are texts written to be used rather than read. And matching the fact that handbooks have no reader per se is the fact that they also, in a sense, have no authors." p. 112

"An effect of the readerless, authorless, and seemingly refereential nature of handbooks is that we tend to see them as bascailly interchangeable." p. 112

References

Segal, Judy Z. (1995). Textbooks and subtexts or how to choose a handbook. Journal of Teaching Writing, 14(1&2), 111-127.

She also gives some other references of interest:

Connors, Robert (1983). Handbooks: History of a genre. Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 12, 87-98.
Mayers, Walter E. (1971). Handbooks, subhandbooks, and nonhandbooks: Texts for Freshman English. College English, 32, 716-724.
Shramek, Dennis. (1992). Textbooks in Focus: Handbooks. College Composition and Communication, 43, 272-276.

The Ashgate Books

2008-11-03T17:55:00.000-08:00

If I get into more detail about structural materials -- which I might -- there are a few resources that I should probably check out.

1. Structural iron and steel, 1850-1900. Robert Thorpe. Ashgate 2000.
2. The development of timber as a structural material. David Yeomans. Ashgate 1999. (The section on manuals seems to be particularly appealing).
3.** Structural and civil engineering design. William Addis. Ashgate 1999.
4. Structural iron, 1750-1850. R.J.M. Sutherland. Ashgate 1997.
5. Early reinforced concrete. Frank Newby. Ashgate 2001.

Other references of note include Concrete by Peter Collins, and Liquid Stone.

There are a few other works that I'll have to get once the current ILL batch goes through: Proceedings of the First International Congress on Construction History and Kurrer's The History of the Theory of Structures.

The earliest American technical hand books

2008-10-27T11:09:00.000-07:00

The origins of the technical handbook are a bit uncertain. I have, however, uncovered a few traces from an interesting source.

Edward P. Hamilton was president of John Wiley & Sons in the 1940s. He was also a Civil Engineer. In 1949 he delivered a presentation at the First Pan-American Engineering Congress in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The title of his talk was "Engineering literature and its role in Pan-American Development." It seems that the only remaining full copy is in the NYPL Research Library. Fortunately, I was able to get a copy. In it, Hamilton makes some interesting comments on handbooks, noting:

"I have mentioned the distribution of technical books throughout the hemisphere as an influence in internationalizing science and technology. I should like to dwell longer on this subject because I am more familiar with it than with others. All you engineers who are listening to me recognize the value of technical books. You were taught from them; you are teaching the next generation with technical books. Books are your professional tools, and reflect your progress and achievements. The distribution of such books as we are speaking about -- and naturally other printed technological information -- has hastened the spread of science and technology in a way that can hardly be matched by any other form of of communication." (unpaginated but on the leaf 3).

He also notes some important early technical books, notably the texts published by Wiley for D.H. Mahan at West Point and Dana's "System of Mineralogy." The various books of the D. Van Nostrand Company also get praise as early technical works. A corporate paean is available at my local library -- A century of book publishing, 1848-1948 Z473.V3C7 -- and the Matthew Edwards Crane archives are at Princeton. Hamilton also notes some other important early works including the books of Henry Sturgis Drinker (who has such an interesting story that I can't get into it here) and Squire Whipple. Incidentally, Van Nostrand became Van Nostrand Reingold and was acquired by Wiley in 1997.

A 1948 history of the company -- The house of Wiley -- also discusses handbooks. I'll quote at length (pg.21-25:

Comprehensive handbooks and field manuals for the day-to-day use of engineers, technologists, and researchers have played an important part in the development of engineering technology. We are proud of our contributions to the evolution of such books.

The "Handbook of Engineering Fundamentals," one of the most successful volumes in the Wiley Engineering Handbook Series, marked the emergence of an entirely new conception of the basic handbook's place in engineering literature. First appearing in 1936, the handbook was prepared by a staff of outstanding contributors under the editorship of Ovid W. Eshbach. By covering the fundamental theory underlying all engineering practice, it has permitted the specialized handbooks to (pg.23) concentrate on more advanced data. The publication has achieved wide acceptance among engineers in all categories, as well as scientists and technologists in many fields. This valuable book is now in the process of revision.

The thousands of technical men throughout the world who are familiar with volumes of the series will be interested to learn that complete revisions are in progress for the famous Kent: "Mechanical Engineers' Handbook" and the equally distinguished Pender-Del Mar-McIlwain: "Electrical Engineers' Handbook." In the forthcoming twelfth edition of "Kent," the "Power" volume will be edited by J. Kenneth Salisbury, of the General Electric Company. The "Design Production" volume will be edited by Colin Carmichael, associate editor of "Machine Design" magazine. IN the case of the new edition of "Electrical Engineers' Handbook," William A. Del Mar will again edit the "Power" volume of that work, and Knox McIlwain will again edit the "Communications and Electronics" volume.

Other well-known handbooks include the authoritative "Mining Engineers' Handbook," edited by the late Robert Peele and John A. Church; the "Handbook of Mineral Dressing," edited by Arthur F. Taggart; the "American Civil Engineers' Handbook," edited by the late Thaddeus Merriman and Thomas H. Wiggin; the "Architects' and Builders' Handbook," edited by the late Frank E. Kidder, and revised in its current eighteenth edition by Harry Parker; "The Engineers' Manual," prepared by Ralph G. Hudson; and the "Chemical Engineers' Manual," prepared by D.B. Keyes and A.G. Deem.

Late in 1947 we announced a completely revised edition of the popular Waterbury vest-pocket "Handbook of Engineering." Containing basic mathematical data for all fields of engineering, this compact little book has been brought completely up to date by H.W. Reddick, W.M. Lansford, C.O. Mackey, H.S. Bull, and the late H.H. Higbie.

The "Timer Engineers' Handbook," edited by Howard J. Hansen, University of Florida, and released in January of this year, is a study of the properties of all woods used for construction in this country. Correlating the results of the last ten years' research in timer engineering, the author has included all the latest information necessary for the design of wood structures. (p. 25)

The monumental "Corrosion Handbook," which brings together the most comprehensive collection of technical data on the subject ever assembled, is the latest addition to the list of Wiley handbooks. Eidted by H.H. Uhlig, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and published in cooperation with the Electrochemical Society, Inc., this invaluable study contains the work of over one hundred specialists in the corrosion field. It was published in February of 1948.

In the near future we plan to publish a "Handbook of Stress analysis" representing the collaborative effort of top authorities in that field. The volume is being prepared under the auspices of the Society of Experimental Stress Analysis, and edited by Miklos Hetenyi, Northwestern Technological Institute.

My Great Grandfather

2008-10-20T19:00:00.000-07:00

I'm currently researching the engineering practices -- and literature -- of the early 20th century. Perusing the stacks of my local library I came across a dusty volume and pulled it down. It was an old annual yearbook from the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. I flipped it open to the directory section and a place name caught my eye: Sault Ste. Marie. My whole family is from the Soo. I then noted the name -- WJ Fuller. He was my great grandfather.

So now I'm on a bit of a quest to track down some of his (and mine) history. I'm sure that my dad has all sorts of interesting bits from my grandmother's files, but I've got nothing. But starting with the census records, here's what I've got:

Born 14 July 1877 in Leamington Ontario. His father was Thomas Fuller and his mother was Charlotte Jackson.
Trained as a civil engineer, maybe at U of T.
Married Nellie Saylor (b. 26 July 1882 in Bloomfield, Price Edward County) in 1906.
Died October 7 1931 in Fort William Ontario, seemingly tragically in some sort of routine operation.

We'll see where this goes... I suspect that I'll be spending some time in the library in the next few days checking out fiche. Sault Star: AN5.S323S83. Fort William Daily Times Journal: AN5.F6T574.

Some interesting articles that I should really uncover as part of my research on Canadian Engineers. They come from -- natch -- Canadian journals:

Morris, Glenn A. 1986. Engineering education in Canada--the early years. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 13(10:: 25-32.

Ostrander, J.R. and D.C. Oliver (1987). Construction of the Broadway Bridge at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in 1932. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 14(4): 429-438.

Brooks, Randall C. and William J. Daniels (1993). Surveying instrument makers of Central Canada. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 26(6): 1037-1046.

Chanson, H. (1995). History of steeped channels and spillways: a rediscovery of the 'wheel'. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. 22(2): 247-259.

Martin-Nielsen, J. (2007). The very model of a modern engineer: Education and status at the Engineering Institute of Canada, 1925-1932. Scientia Canadensis. 30.

Curtis, Bruce. (2006). Textual economies and the presentation of statistical material: Charts, tables, and texts in 19th century public eduction. Scientia Canadensis. 29.

White, Richard. (2003). The engineer's engineer: John Kennedy and the Port of Montreal. Scientia Canadensis. 27.

Hull, James P. (2001). Raising standards: Public Works and industrial practices in interwar Ontario. Scientia Canadensis. 25

White, RIchard. (2000). Canadian civil engineers pre-1859: Professionals before professioanlization. Scientia Canadensis. 24

NOTE: White also wrote the books "Gentelemen engineers" and "The Skule story."

There may be some other bits of interest. From Google Books:

There might be something on pg.92 of the ASME Engineering Index for 1910.
There seem to be some notes in the Sessional Papers of Canada Parliament, 1917, v.3 V-Z. They may be listed as the JOurnals of the Legislative Assembly of the Provice of Canada.
There might also be something in "The Gardener's Chroncile: A weekly Illustrated Jouran of Horticulture..." from 1901 (series 3, v. 29). My father told me that W.J. Fuller was apparently a great lover of roses.
And something else in "The Garden: An Illustrated Weekly JOurnal of Gardening in All Its Branches" (v.68) from 2005.
Something from the Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1911, v.184, pt.2. (p. 86)
Something from Lightling Journal, v.3 (1915) that apparently pertains a new lamp design. The reference is actually to an article in Gas Ind. (Industry?) from September 1915, p.543.
Some more salary information in "Report of the Auditor General for the Year Ended March 31..." Published in 1923.
Something -- an agricultural prize? -- from the Sessional Papers of the Province of Ontario (1910, v.9).
There might be something in "Oil leasing lands: hearings before the committee on the public lands, house of reps, 65th congress, 2nd session, on HR 3233" (1918). The reference may be on p.389. My dad told me that my Grandmother had discussed W.J.'s tendency to take flyers on various oil properties!
Maybe something in the Transactions of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, v.22 (1908). * UWO might be missing *
Something in a Report by the Canada Department of Public Works, 1919. * at UWO *
There might be something in Industrial Engineering and the Engineering Digest, v5 (1909).
Something in "A compendium of North American Ports" by the American Association of Port Authorities (1926), probably for the entry on Sault Ste. Marie.

And finally, some references on Public Works Canada. Since WJ was a life-long employee, I should probably know something about the organization:

Ball, Norman R. (Ed.) (1988). Building Canada: a history of public works. DBW TA26.B65 1988
Vance, Jonathan (2006). Building Canada: people and projects that shaped the nation. DBW 3 day F1033.V36 2006 (and why it's not actually shelved beside the other volume is beyond me).
Owram, Douglas (1979). Buildings for Canadians: A history of the Department of Public Works, 1840-1960. * This thing is very rare and was published internally. I'm trying to get a copy via ILL.

Some more books of interest

2008-10-10T20:44:00.000-07:00

Engineering Facts and Figures

2008-10-10T10:26:00.000-07:00

What an odd little book. It seems to have been quite popular in the early days of engineering and perhaps provides a guide for the type of literature that was used in the early days. There are copies available via Google Books.

Another strange thing is "The annual retrospect of engineering and architecture" (1862) by George R. Burnell (Ed.) and published by Lockwood and Co. It is another jumble of engineering facts and practices with a variety of sections. The book reviews are particularly damning.

Some other links of interest:
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=ACK2570.0001.001;didno=ACK2570.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGL5322.0001.001;didno=AGL5322.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGL5347.0001.001;didno=AGL5347.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGL5354.0001.001;didno=AGL5354.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGL5898.0001.001;didno=AGL5898.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGW7962.0001.001;didno=AGW7962.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AGW8008.0001.001;didno=AGW8008.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AJQ4793.0001.001;didno=AJQ4793.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AJQ5015.0001.001;didno=AJQ5015.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AJQ6880.0001.001;didno=AJQ6880.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AJQ7072.0001.001;didno=AJQ7072.0001.001
http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moa;cc=moa;q1=engineer%2A;rgn=title;view=image;seq=00000001;idno=AJQ7546.0001.001;didno=AJQ7546.0001.001