Dipole Gravity, Gravitomagnetism

Academic Professional's Misconduct

2008-08-27T03:19:00.000-07:00

The following is a part of the article in the handbook related to the academic professionals misconduct in research and searching for the truth and I found it alarming yet very interesting.

"A climate must be maintained at the University where creativity and productivity in research are promoted in an atmosphere of high ethical standards. It is essential that the integrity of research be maintained at all times, since long-standing, often irreversible damage can result from breach of academic commitment to truth in investigative activities. Misconduct in research is herein defined as gross lack of integrity in conducting basic or clinical investigations involving dishonesty, knowing misrepresentation of data, and/or violation of accepted standards. Academic misconduct or fraud can destroy public trust in the academic community as a whole and in our own institution in particular; it can shatter individual careers; it can undermine sensitive relationships between investigators, students, and the public.

In modern collaborative research, the implications of academic misconduct or fraud go far beyond the individual; they also affect collaborators whose own work has been committed to objective search for truth. The specter of guilt by association may lurk in the background for many years to come. Therefore, joint authorship requires joint responsibility; each author claiming credit for the entire work must also be aware of joint discredit. Investigators in collaborative research projects each must make reasonable and periodic inquiry as to the integrity of and processes involved in gathering and evaluating data. It should be understood that overall responsibility for the integrity of collaborative research rests with the principal investigator. Senior investigators cannot be allowed to escape the consequences of the discovery of misconduct or fraud committed under their supervision."

Regarding the professionals at the institutions of teaching the theory of gravity, I wonder how can they teach their students without having a guilty conscience that the gravitational dipole moment doesn't exist after being informed of the theory of dipole gravity. It will take a second to realize that there is a serious mistake in the books of gravitation. They should know they are lying when they teach that faulty concept in their classes. The excuse of an honest mistake, or having not been informed, no longer applies here. I think it is basically the same as academic cheating, because it is an act of knowingly misleading the students. Is this the way the scientists of today should conduct in the University where we expect the people to have the highest ethical standard?

I'm interested in the widest dissemination of the important scientific truth for the benefit of mankind. If it requires to dragging em into the court for the criminal academic misconduct, although I sincerely hope it doesn't have to go that far, I may have to consider it as an option.

Conservation Law of Energy

2008-08-08T10:13:00.000-07:00

Although, according to Noether’s theorem, the time translation symmetry of the Lagrangian is directly related to the conservation of energy of the system, the crucial point of the importance of the energy conservation is what is the range that the law specifically covers? Does it cover the entire universe or only the local system?

To elaborate the point of the argument, here is a suggested Gedanken experiment. For an example, suppose there is a test mass in a thermally isolated container. One decided to influence the energy of the test mass inside the container from outside and moved a heavy mass back and forth to change the gravitational force on the test mass. Following the external influence, the test mass initially set at rest started to oscillate and gained a definite kinetic energy delta E.

Of course, one will argue that the applicable range of the total energy of the system has to be extended beyond the closed container where the test mass is located. But suppose that the heavy mass outside of the container is located so far away from the test mass that the existence of the heavy mass’ external influence is not verifiable. Now one can see that the boundary of the local conservation of the energy law has to be stretched to the infinity which is the practical range of the force of gravity.

Therefore, in general, it can be stated that the local conservation of the energy law can not be respected for the long range forces. One can always try to reformulate and enforce the law but when the boundary is infinite, what is the purpose of such an enforcement? There are always possibilities that one can devise a system that the local energy is practically gained at the expense of the energy loss from somewhere else in the universe.

The mentioned influence of the external force can be initiated by manipulating the specific local configuration of the test mass, for example, by the rotation of the longitudinally asymmetric object which produces the dipole gavity effect.

After all, general relativity and Maxwell’s equation are the theories describing how the matters are interacting with each other within their own principles of interactions in the universe, and they are not about acting like a watchdog for the local conservation of the energy. The inherent nature of the long rangedness (infinity) of those forces makes the local conservation of the energy within these principles meaningless.

However, the strong force which is extermely short ranged and holds the nucleus together and also subsequently the atoms and molecules will definitely conserve the local energy as proven to be correct abundantly in the kinetic theory of gases.

Possibility of Non Existing Gravitational Waves

2008-07-11T02:27:00.000-07:00

The fundamental postulate of general relativity is that one can not tell the difference between the gravitational field and the uniform acceleration, which is called the equivalence principle. So according to this postulate, the gravitational field is basically the same as the source of the acceleration of the matter itself. Now, for there to be a gravitational wave, this acceleration field must be disturbed in such a way that it changes its magnitude depending on time. However, in general mechanics, the time derivative of an acceleration is not defined. That is to say, there is no da/dt, which is the time derivative of an acceleration.

If the gravitational waves were found, it means that the general equation of motion can be a third order differential equation instead of being a second order one. It breaks down the fundamental principle of Newtonian mechanics in a strange way since there is no such thing as the rate of change of the acceleration defined in the Newtonian laws of the mechanics. But then so was dipole gravity, in a different way, since an object can be physically displaced without the external force in the direction of the displacement, which occurs in the rotating hemispherical objects.

And without the detailed investigation of this effect, it was easy to dismiss dipole gravity as non existent physical entity from the start. Now with the gravitational quadrupole radiation, no one seems to pay attention on how it may violate Newtonian mechanics and the equivalence principle. For the sake of fairness, it is far more imperative to investigate dipole gravity experimentally. It won't be too late to test the quadrupole radiation effect later.

While an electric charge in circular motion around a positively charged ion loses energy by electromagnetic radiation, although the electron keeps its stable orbit around the proton due to the quantum effect, the satellite matters orbiting around the heavy condensed stars do not lose energy by radiation. Therefore, the constantly accelerating mass due to its circular motion around a host stellar object does not produce the gravitational waves.

This is the fundamental physical difference between the electrodynamics and the gravity. If the gravity is the same as the acceleration field of an object, the gravitational radiation must be a time derivative of the acceleration field itself, which is not defined in mechanics, although, this point may need more serious debate.

The energy loss observed from the fast rotating binary stars has been considered an evidence of the gravitational radiation. However, the space debris that being attracted by the two mass pole star system will see the center of mass of the two stars as the focal point of the gravitational attraction when viewed from the far distances. The impact of the debris with the two massive stars will be perpendicular to the rotational motion of the individual stars. This will create enough losses of the angular momentum and could account for the major energy loss. Therefore, this observation can not be considered an ultimate proof of the existence of the gravitational waves.

What it fundamentally suggests is that the gravitational wave may be harder to produce than one would imagine, if not impossible.

One possible application of dipole gravity may be that one can easily change the geometrical configuration of the rotating hemispherical object by using many layers of independently rotating discs or rings. This can be made to produce a longitudinal(directional) dipole gravity pulses like a pulsating beam of light which can be used to remotely pull or push objects where the pulsed dipole gravity beam may be pointed at.

Still, in this case, the pulsating beam of a directional dipole gravity is fundamentally different from the quadrupole gravitational radiation typically understood in the field of gravitation and general relativity.

The Dictatorial Power of the Scientific Truth

2008-06-02T14:13:00.000-07:00

The Darwinian principle of the theory of the evolution of the origin of the species and its subsequent archaeological proof left us little choice for an alternative explanation. Naturally, this has caused a great concern for the future of humanity among the philosophers in the field of anthropology. Due to the lack of the resources or the uncontrollable catastrophe, like that happened to the dinosaurs, human species will be extinct at certain point of time in the future and we have to do something about it, they theorized.

However, it must be noted that this kind of doomsday philosophy has already assumed that there are limited resources and there will be no other technology available for the change of the situation in the remote future. So when a certain scientific doctrine is used allegedly to protect the future of the human species, one can go a great distance to a morally horrifying scenario. Any theoretical attempt or plan for the global population reduction, therefore, is flawed because it was contemplated based on the wrong premises that there will be no advanced technology that will alleviate the current situation of the earth’s civilization. For a typical example, Ted Turner’s avid support for this kind of program is appalling.

Human society should spend substantial amount of time and energy on the development of this future technology and seriously think about going out of the earth’s surface to the far distant stars because the earth is not going to be the ultimate resting place for the human species. Somehow the relative location of the solar system in our galaxy makes it vulnerable to the frequent bombardment of the asteroids. And whenever it happens, the living organisms on earth suffer a great damage.

We may have to find a much stable and quiet star system inside the galaxy that all of the human species can migrate into. When people draw conclusions following the Darwinian theory of evolution, the inherent danger is there. We don’t know the full secret of the laws of the nature and what will be its possible benefits for the mankind.

What scares people especially in the field of cosmology about the theory of dipole gravity is that it deprives them of the freedom to be wrong. It must be emphasized that the scientific truth is not determined by a popular vote. Either it is correct or it is a false. What determines the ultimate fate of it is, of course, repeated experimental measurements and/or the existing observational confirmation. There are cases that a theory is partially correct. In general, in the field of science, even when a certain theory is correct, it always has a limited scope of its applicable domain. A lot of the researchers in the field already knew MOND can’t be a correct theory of the universe. However, in the absence of any alternative theory, MOND flourished because of its correct predictions of a lot of the rotational velocity curves. We enjoy and thrive in our freedom to be wrong. But like in any business decisions, being wrong means the loss of time, energy and resources.

We feel we are deprived of our freedom when a teacher came out say you can’t do those immoral things, and show proofs. We would rather stone or crucify him/her. This kind of pattern has been repeated many times in the history of mankind.

Reader's Feedback(Geometrical Question)

2008-06-02T02:19:00.000-07:00

Some of the readers of the dipole gravity blog may wonder if I have received any private emails challenging the basic concept of dipole gravity. Since I have been speaking out openly regarding dipole gravity to the general public, I have received none. I openly invited for debates, but no one volunteered to come forward. I'll post any critical errors or mistakes in the presentation of dipole gravity pointed out by the readers in the blog.

One of the minor errors pointed out by one of the readers was about the location of the center of mass of a solid hemisphere. I used hemispherical shell for the dipole gravity model in the published papers, since a spherical shell was used by Lense-Thirring as a model in their calculation for the purpose of simplicity. It was a good starting point for the proof of concept.

In the case of a hemispherical shell, the center of mass is located at the point (1/2)R from the center of the full sphere. However, for a solid hemisphere, the center of mass is located at (3/8)R from the center of the full sphere. This was pointed out by one of the readers and I appreciate him for this correction. Somehow I have been assuming that the center of mass of a sold hemisphere at rest was at (1/2)R just like that of a hemisphere, which is not correct.

In the case of a fast rotating black hole, I have a serious doubt that the core of the galactic center will be spherical. It will be more or less like a two superposed funnels with long protrusions at the poles with a wider rim at the equator. The reason for this is because the equatorial plane at the rim will be bombarded by the incoming debris due to the dipole gravity force which is strong and relatively short ranged compared to the Newtonian gravity. The balance point will be achieved where the centrifugal force becomes equal to the dipole gravity plus the Newtonian gravity.

In the absence of the strong dipole gravity, a non-rotating stellar object will assume a spherical symmetry, naturally, due to the isotropic nature of the Newtonian gravity.

However, in the case where the dipole gravity is strong, the spherical symmetry will be broken and the shape of the fast rotating stellar object will assume a topology which conforms to the overall dipole gravity force lines, which is basically like a two superposed funnels attached face to face. The elongated shapes of the both of the polar axis can be anticipated due to the collision of the ejected matters and the incoming stream of particles which will eventually settle down in balance.

So, it is interesting to see how the Kerr metric for the rotating black hole has to be modified in this particular geometry, since the spherical symmetry was assumed in the original Kerr metric.

Thermodynamics and Dipole Gravity

2008-05-19T23:51:00.000-07:00

The spontaneous acceleration of the gravitational dipole moment in the matter filled universe is inconsistent with the well known laws of thermodynamics. That is, you can not create energy from nothing. Although this is a fundamental problem with dipole gravity, it must be noted that thermodynamics is valid in a closed system where the particles (molecules) that carry the energy is strictly confined within the well insulated container. The fact that dipole gravity can explain the cosmological problems of the jets and the dark matter problem prompts us to reexamine the laws of thermodynamics in light of the new long range force of gravity.

As stated previously, the hypothesis of the existence of the tachyonic particles as a medium for the gravity solves this conceptual problem. Gravity is caused by the void in space where the tachyonic particles are restricted, for example, due to the massive dense stellar material. This is not even a new idea because there has already been a speculation that gravity may be caused by pushing effect, which pushing gravity originally proposed by Le Sage. In any case, the tachyonic nature of these particles makes them easy to pass through the baryonic matter. The cross section between the neutrinos and the ordinary matter is extremely small, which means that there is no effective means of shielding gravity. The gravity, whether it's dipole or Newtonian gravity, can not be contained nor shielded. It is inherently an open system. Therefore, the conventional thermodynamics can not apply. In fact, in this picture, the energy is not created from nothing. It is merely siphoned out of the vast reservoir of the cosmic background energy due to the inherently open nature of the local gravitational system.

This is a drastic departure from the well cherished belief of the local energy conservation from the known thermodynamics. One can see the long reaching consistency here, from the mysterious nature of the negative mass squared value of the neutrinos to the observational absence of the stationary neutrinos, and its hidden effect on gravity and the elegant explanation of the dipole gravity phenomenon using the concept of the tachyonic neutrinos.

As stated in the previous posts, one can see that the major shift of the scientific paradigm is imminent.

In an interesting twist of the event, the Vatican's chief astronomer has said recently that there may be space beings who are also created by God. People may laugh at this idea. There is no mention of the aliens being created in other heavens and earths by God in the Bible. The fact that Vatican had to come up with this idea means a lot. There simply are too many evidences that something or some beings are visiting the Earth. The ultimate collapse of the Catholic Church’s doctrine of the earth being the only heaven and earth created by God must have become a serious issue to the church establishments.

Instead of letting people losing the whole faith on God, Vatican had to prepare for the upcoming revelation of the visitation of the earth by the alien beings. God created many intelligent beings following his own image in other heavens and earths. So there is nothing to panic and we can keep our faith in God as we are used to.

In fact, the freedom of information act has made it impossible to contain the incriminating evidences of the uninvited visitation of the space beings that have been accumulated over a period of decades.

Now the serious question from scientists is how could they manage to visit us if they are from millions of light years away from us?

If the conventional thermodynamics is not the full account of the laws of the nature, anything is possible. The concept that some advanced space beings may be visiting the Earth is not surprising at all.

Paradigm Shift

2008-05-12T16:09:00.000-07:00

When the dipole term in the linearized theory of general relativity was handled in the conventional way, there was an existing paradigm that precludes any possibility of the existence of the antigravity force in the universe. In fact, this concept of the repulsive gravity force has been so far out of touch of the reality of the daily lives that this very term "antigravity" has been a subject of a science fiction or a downright ridicule whoever seriously talks about it.

Even if the name of this blog is dipole antigravity, I avoided using the term as much as possible for this reason. But by all means, dipole gravity is the long range controllable antigravity force and there is no doubt about it. It is a purely mechanical means to create antigravity force which is at the core of the theory of dipole gravity. And this has been shown to be the cause of the jets and the dark matter problems. The irony of the matter is that general relativity had it since the beginning.

It is not a new theory in a sense yet profoundly new in other.

It was hidden behind the enigma of the Lense-Thirring force. The main reason this can not be understood is not because it is difficult or based on faulty logic. It is because human mind is not always logical and its inner workings depends strongly on the prevailing paradigm. It is hard to imagine explaining the cosmological problems without invoking this force.

In the world where the hunting was the main source of food supply, the agriculture would be a difficult concept to understand for people as a way of providing food source in ancient times. The biblical record of Cain and Abel may represent this kind of the turn of event. The agriculture dominated the hunting and nomadic culture.

Farming culture represented by Cain replaced the nomadic culture represented by Abel. Whether God liked it or not is not the issue. The world has profoundly changed because of this "discovery" of the concept of farming.

Would the discovery of "antigravity" have the same effect?

Absolutely!!!!

This is the beginning of the new civilization. The earth bound civilization is going to be replaced by the space bound civilization. The theory of dipole gravity has such a potential for huge changes and impact on our lives.

How Lense-Thirring force can be derived from dipole gravity?

LIGO, LISA and Dipole Gravity

2008-05-07T10:31:00.000-07:00

There can be many reasons that the researchers in the field can not come forward to comment on the theory of dipole gravity. For the most part, I think there are serious liability issues. Namely, who is responsible for the waste of the billions of tax payers money on LIGO and LISA project when the test proves negative on the detection of the gravitational waves?

Even though the noise issue is a serious one at the moment, it is hard to believe that the experts in the field did not anticipate such a large magnitude of vibration compared to the possible signal. Because this analysis should have been the first step to perform before even start considering an experiment of such a gargantuan scale. You can't tell the general public, after spending billions dollars of the hard earned tax payer's money "by the way, the noise level is much greater than expected, so we can not tell if there really was gravitational wave detected or not, but there is an easy way to test general relativity, it is called "dipole gravity" proposed by Dr. Eue J Jeong". How irresponsible would that be? How stupid would that sound to the general public?

Somebody may have to go to jail. But then they will try everything to avoid such a harsh reality. One of the things they have to do would be to avoid any discussions about the theory of dipole gravity. It would be a death nail for their(misguided) project, reputation, academic prestige once it becomes a public knowledge that the more easy and direct way to test general relativity has been available and presented in the well known journal since 1999. But in fact, in the age of the World Wide Web and the wide spread of the information through Internet, people in the field already have found out the significance of dipole gravity and its far reaching consequences.

The other day, Hawking presented his recent view on cosmology in CSPAN and no one seemed to be impressed by his rendition after many revisions of his "calculations".

It must be noted that there is not a single prediction out of quantum gravity that has been verified in the laboratory. There are published papers indicating that the quantum particles do not seem to show the gravitational interaction individually which are very significant findings but never made it to the attention of the large number of the public.

The End of the Princeton Wheeler Group’s Reign on Gravitation

2008-04-28T10:10:00.000-07:00

The great teacher John Archibald Wheeler has passed away. His group’s legacy can be summarized by the massive rendition on the subject of general relativity in the book “Gravitation” by Kip Thorne et al. The book influenced and inspired many great minds of the modern scientific world. The following quote is his view on gravitomagnetism.

From this quote, one can see his strong conviction that there must be gravitomagnetism in the mechanical universe.

However, being a great teacher did not always go along with being a great innovator. James Maxwell was one of the examples. He is not known as being a great teacher. Maybe Albert Einstein was another one. It seems that the brain of a human being can not be both ways. Either it can be deeply innovative inside his/her soul or widely interactive with other human beings.

His long search for the true gravitomagnetism in general relativity has not resulted in the finding of dipole gravity, the true gravitomagnetism. It is tragic in a way. But this event may have been predicted by Nostradamus 500 years ago.

The reason for the persistent effort in search of the true gravitomagnetism was obviously to find a way to counteract gravity, the eternal yoke all living things have to endure. By having gravitomagnetism, we have a repulsive gravity which can negate the unstoppable pulling effect of gravity. It means the ultimate freedom of physical bodies. If we are lucky, it may also be possible to explain the so far unexplained cosmological phenomena, ie, the jets and the dark matter problems, which have been considered possible failures of general relativity in the large scale universe.

Because of the delay in the finding of the true gravitomagnetism, so far, we had many independent branches of theories to deal with this unending enigma. Finally, Wheeler’s vision of the true gravitomagnetism has been fulfilled by the theory of dipole gravity.

This is the end of the old era and the beginning of the new era in the science of gravitation.

Why is it hurting the physics community for the leading experts in the field not commenting on it?

2008-04-02T13:52:00.000-07:00

I can see so many graduate students and the post docs want to write thesis and research papers regarding dipole gravity in application to the various cosmological problems.
But they are afraid it may not pass the referee when they submit the paper to the journal where the major editors and referees are heavily influenced by the existing dogma. Their own advisors may not even approve of the idea in the first place.

It’s a catch 22 game. That’s why I’m trying to break the silence of the major leaders in this field. Without their (whoever they think are experts in the field) clear pro or con statement, everyone will be in the mode of a suspense.

Well, they may think to themselves, “Why should I comment on it when it is so obvious? It is correct and we obviously missed it.” “Do you have to be so sadistic enough to torture us in public?”

The problem with it is that you have no concern of the graduate students and the researches in the field, and/or the general progress of the science, any more than your own tail bone. When you have portrayed yourself as an expert in the field, it is your obligation to recognize the major development in the field and let the audience know about it because they are looking upon you for the key information regarding the new development.

It is a serious ethical issue.

You are afraid of losing the false image you have projected upon yourself as an expert in the field disintegrating in a plain sight. It is an image of a rainbow you are holding onto. It is not there anymore.

We need to move on, Dr. Kip Thorne, please speak up.

What is this theory of dipole gravity? I bet you know about it better than anyone else. You can explain it with far greater clarity than I can describe it, I’m sure.

And that’s your duty; as a communicator and interpreter of the divine secret of the nature.

Why Dipole Gravity is Such a Big Deal?

2008-03-31T15:35:00.000-07:00

If you examine the theory of dipole gravity in detail, the simplicity of its concept is so overwhelming that you realize quickly there are no possibilities of those theories of plasma and magnetic field induced jet phenomena and the MOND related cosmologies can possibly be correct. Contrary to the case at the early times of general relativity, we are facing with the fact that we have to denounce many of the previous academic results in which so much energy, time and brain have been spent. It is one of those hardest things to do in science.

General relativity interpreted in early days didn’t have to prove anyone wrong. It could easily be considered an improved version of the theory of gravity with all the salient features of the Newtonian gravity intact. So it was a relatively easy thing to take in.

Now with dipole gravity, the result will be virtually an academic tsunami. You can not rigorously present the theory without telling them their theories have been all wrong. I wish there could be an alternative easy way. A lot (thousands) of the past papers and articles related to the subject will have to be trashed overnight which has already happened except that the majority of the authors do not realize it has. People in the field have to start all over again with the new light of dipole gravity. We are at the moment of a deadly silence before the perfect storm.

I think there will be a break down point from the analysis of the GP-B probe data because there is no way they can explain away their anomalous data without using dipole gravity which is the true theory of gravitomagnetism.

If the conventional gravitomagnetism were correct, there should be a prediction of the opposite polarity of gravity from their theory. The physical implication of gravitomagentism inherently contains the meaning that there is a repulsive gravity. Did the conventional gravitomagentism predict any form of repulsive gravity? The answer is no. So one has to admit that we have been in a total darkness in regard to the phenomenon of the gravitomagnetism, the Lense-Thirring force and the acceleration induced gravity. And these are supposed to be the major part of general relativity.

In his book on “Black Holes & Time Warps”, Kip Thorne states that in his early days at Princeton, his advisor John A. Wheeler asked him to see if there is a magnetic counter part of gravity within general relativity. Of course, he couldn’t find any. He presented in his book the description of the jet phenomenon using the Blanford-Znajek process without any qualm. So one can imagine that the situation has reached the point where each of the theorists has to cover each other’s behind upon the revelation of dipole gravity. It is easy to see this because Kip Thorne kept the theory within himself knowingly that it is an earth shattering discovery that he was supposed to find out upon John A. Wheeler’s suggestion in his early days. He was about to keep it under the rug and brush it off as long as he possibly can. How about the average graduate students and the researchers in the field who have to suffer because of this kind of willful deceit to the scientific community as a leader in the field? Does he care?

They are more interested in protecting each other’s personal dignity than the promulgation of the truth in science. I don’t think this is a true honest and honorable attitude of a scientist. History will judge them dearly.

Send him this article by email and request him for an open explanation.

kip@tapir.caltech.edu

Self Evident Dipole Gravity

2008-03-28T12:00:00.000-07:00

If you say “theory” people normally become immediately skeptical about it thinking “ok, what kind of unlikely assumption is proposed in there?” MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) is certainly a “theory” which is riddled with unthinkable contradictions, like non conserving energy and momentum without a justifiable reason. Whenever I mention about the theory of dipole gravity, this is a kind of a general reaction. There are so many shaky theories that are unverified, untested, circling around in the field of physics that sometimes it is hard to tell which are the correct theory and which isn’t. First of all, the theory of black hole will never be tested by experiment so it will remain as a “theory” as long as it exists.

What we have learned in the Classical Mechanics is that we can predict what is going to happen to the bodies of the celestial object when they are influenced by the law of Newtonian gravity. Detailed calculation is hardly necessary to understand the properties of the fundamental trajectory, for example; either if it is an elliptical orbit or a parabolic one.

The principle is basically the same with dipole gravity. You can predict many features of the motion of the celestial bodies without resort to a detailed calculation. The fundamental gravity force lines are the ones that the cosmic objects will follow in their orbit or the passages that are running perpendicular to it. From this observation, the presence of the dark matter halo becomes self evident around the fast rotating ultra compact stellar objects as well as the jets. The visibility issue is only a matter of considering if there will be enough collisions among the debris specifically for the case of the jets, and if there is going to be long enough time for them to coagulate and proceed to the thermonuclear synthesis for the generation of heat and energy as in the case of the stars.

Unfortunately it took nine years after the publication of dipole gravity to realize that the Lense-Thirring force had the wrong sign. Without this finding, there would have been no consistent understanding of the jets and the dark matter problem within general relativity. Dipole gravity is not a theory as one would normally think of a “theory”. It is a self evident general relativity. The fact that it took so long to find the solution doesn’t mean that it had to be a horrendously difficult problem. On the contrary, it was an exceedingly simple solution when the right concept was applied.

This is the reason the experts in the field refuse talking about it. You can not talk about it while being known as a renowned expert in the field of cosmology and general relativity, because if you do, it will be tantamount to an admission of a total incompetence.

Is it my fault to make them feel incompetent? Of course not.

I don’t think anyone will tell them to quit their job for being incompetent. It is purely a human factor of arrogance and pretentiousness that prevents them from coming forward. After all we are all human beings that are fallible and susceptible to error.

I don’t think I’m infallible either. I fixed the sign of the Lense-Thirring force in the 1999 paper to make it match with the known form. It could have been considered a form of an academic dishonesty in a way. I should not have followed the errors of the previous researchers. But I came forward to announce that it was an error despite its general acceptance in the physics community for the last 90 years without any contest, after a careful scrutiny of the various problems of cosmology. It was not an easy conclusion to draw, because it has passed the test of the numerous physicists and the brightest minds. So unless you're absolutely sure, no one will make such a drastic claim. But I'm hundred percent positive about this claim, "Lense-Thirring force has the wrong sign".

What matters is not what others think or regard of yourself. What really matters is “what is the real truth of the nature?” Any theory in physics or science or any field of study for that matter can be challenged, modified or/and improved.

Paradigm Shift

General Relativity was much Bigger than Einstein Could Imagine of it Himself

2008-03-23T04:10:00.000-07:00

If you are a professor in an academic institution, you can not afford not to learn the theory of dipole gravity. It's time to revise and rewrite your 20 year old note books on mechanics and the theory of gravitation that you have been teaching in the class over and over again. Physics at the present time is not a sole trademark of a few individuals like at the time of Galileo.

The nations of the world have prominent physicists and scientists with their own independent thoughts and capabilities of judgement to realize what is the significance of dipole gravity. This kind of activity is called in the medical field as "continued education", to accommodate the newly discovered medical facts and important discoveries for the cure of human disease conditions.

The lack of the progress and understanding of the mechanics of the nature is a disease condition in the field of science so to speak.

I realized that contrary to the thinking of many graduate/undergraduate students, the professors in the field of cosmology and gravitation or any field of science can be as ignorant as the students themselves in certain areas of expertise. This is a simple fact. If you haven't been taught by others or by yourself, there is no way you can learn about any new field of science.

One of the fastest way to learn dipole gravity is to exercise the derivation of the Lense-Thirring force using the two opposite dipole gravity potential by taking a gradient of them. This exercise includes the derivation of the relativistic shift of the center of mass from the rotating hemisphere.

One can solve so many problems in cosmology just using the conventional Newtonian potential plus dipole gravity. And you don't have to go through the details of general relativity to learn so many important aspects of cosmology.

So, it would be appropriate to include dipole gravity at least in the text books of the classical mechanics of the graduate courses if not in the undergraduate ones.

You will learn eventually that general relativity was actually meant to find dipole gravity. The reason is because there is not much testable cosmological problems beyond the second order effect of general relativity. Although it may be considered that general relativity has been tested in many different venues, as you may read from the NASA article on "In Search of Gravitomagnetism", which is considered the key to the solution of general relativity, the true nature of the general relativistic gravitomagnetism has never been known. The so called conventional "gravitomagentism" and its prediction for the amount of the precession of the gyro were derived from the modified Maxwell's equation, which is not the correct theory of gravitation. To be more specific, the conventional gravitomagnetism has never succeeded in deriving the Lense-Thirring force or any forms close to it.

The fundamental irony of this exploration is that general relativity was much bigger than Einstein could imagine of it himself. But then Newton was totally engaged himself in alchemy in his later years as well. After all, we are all gullible to our own idiosyncrasies.

The main problem with the conventional gravitomagnetism is not knowing which side of the rotating ring becomes the attractive gravity pole and which side the repulsive one. Unless one assumes that the copious amount of positrons (just as many as the number of the electrons) can be created by some miraculous way at the core of the accretion discs, there is no way one can explain the symmetric jets using the Penrose mechanism.

It's like people built houses on a sand dune when they used the conventional gravitomagnetism for the explanation of the jets. This should be a lesson for the future theorists in the field of science.

Another Mystery of the Nature

2008-03-17T06:19:00.000-07:00

I think I have done enough of an introduction for the theory of dipole gravity so far. I would rather think of it like an effective method of presenting at a department seminar or a colloquium, which is open to the general public as well, without having to visit the individual universities. However, there is nothing barely new in this blog beyond the two papers published in 1997 and 1999 which have basically all the necessary information to make a good starting point, although those papers may not have been clear and obvious enough to make a bold statement like “the Lense-Thirring force has wrong sign”.

If you find something that you have been looking for a long time and ultimately gave up on any attempt finding it, you will be in disbelief once you see it in front of your eyes. People will shake their heads in total disbelief saying, “Nah, it can’t be”. This has been the situation with dipole gravity.

Since I could be blamed for my inactivity on the theory of dipole gravity after its publication (as people normally send copies of preprints to their colleagues), I guess I need to explain what I was doing in the mean time of nine years. Why did I not actively promote the theory in 1999 if I had such a strong belief about it? First of all, I thought that was already an exciting discovery that anyone would eager to pick it up and publish tons of papers by expanding and applying it to the various cosmological problems. Was I naïve? Those papers were uploaded in the LLNL archives so that they can be plainly visible to everybody anyways.

One of the writers of the scientific story once said there will be only a handful of people who can truly understand the theory of dipole gravity in the world. And the ones who truly understand it are not willing to talk about it. What a shame! She can write a story only when someone else either agrees, disagrees or throws questions on it. It’s like a black pit hole of information. A bunch of information goes in and being processed but no result comes out.

After the publication of the two papers and discussing them briefly in the internet, I received emails from all over the world, regarding the exciting experiments that have been performed and demonstrated in front of the public. I thought that this could be an elaborate hoax.

One of the many of the information was about the inventor Thomas Henry Moray who was active in invention of the energy device in Utah in 1930s. He allegedly succeeded in making a device that can generate 50 kW of electricity out of thin air for 157 hours. I was extremely intrigued by the proposition. The main reason that I received this kind of email letter was because the theory of dipole gravity predicts the possibility of extracting energy from space as well. I later noticed that there are tons of inventors involved in this exciting project behind the scene.

I was about to find out if this is an elaborate hoax or a legitimate physics. You can imagine how I ended up forgetting about promoting the theory of dipole gravity. Dipole gravity is an exciting concept as well, but as a method of producing energy, it is bulky and cumbersome. If the story provided to me were true, we have a huge chunk of physics missing, undiscovered and untouched which can potentially revolutionize our civilization overnight. After all, if dipole gravity has proved it is possible to extract energy from space, why not by a method of electricity and magnetism? It would be much simpler and elegant if indeed it is possible.

We are about to enter the realm of a virtual “25th century science” so I advise the readers to hold tightly on to their seats. Enter

What is Dipole Gravity and What It isn’t?

2008-03-08T10:21:00.008-08:00

In a recent communication with a prominent astrophysicist, I noticed that there is a general misconception about the theory of dipole gravity. Somehow people seem to think dipole gravity is some kind of a modification of general relativity.

This is far from the truth. Dipole gravity is not a modification of general relativity. Although it may sound bizarre, the general relativistic gravitational field both the inside and out of a rotating spherical source has never been fully worked out. In Newtonian gravity, the gravitational field inside a spherical shell is zero. However, due to the equivalence principle, general relativity predicts that there will be an induced gravity field due the constant acceleration of the mass resulted by the rotational motion of the object.

Because of the enormous complexity of the integral calculation, the only known solution to this problem was available only at the close distance from the center of the sphere which has been worked out by Lense and Thirring in 1918. In their original paper, they found the general relativistic gravity force close to the center of the rotating spherical shell which was given by,

These forces have been known as Lense-Thirring force. The x and y component of the force shows the radially outgoing structure which has contributed to the notion that it is a manifestation of the centrifugal force in accordance with Mach’s principle.

However, the presence of the attractive harmonic z component of the force was enigmatic from the beginning. There are historical records showing that Thirring had correspondences with Einstein in several occasions regarding this problem. Obviously, it baffled Thirring as much as Einstein.

It must be emphasized that the above expression is valid only for small x, y, z which is very close to the center of the rotating spherical shell. In other areas beyond the center of the sphere, the integral calculation is simply impossible. This form of the force ceases to have any meaning as soon as the distance from the center increases beyond the closest proximity. And the known solution to the linearized theory of general relativity has stated that the rotating spherical mass does not have a meaningful dipole term, which is true only in the very far distances. So this problem has been left out as an open question in general relativity since its birth.

The conventionally known "gravitomagnetism", which is a modified version of Maxwell's equation, was one of the desperate attempts to understand the extension of the Lense-Thirring force and the acceleration induced gravity effect beyond the limit of the proximity to the center of the rotating source. Needless to say, there is no mention of the derivation of the Lense-Thirring force or any form close to it, from this formulation at the distance close to the center of the sphere.

There simply was no known general relativistic solution in the intermediate area away from the center to the relatively close distance from the surface of the rotating spherical source.

This means that the general relativistic gravity field induced by the rotational motion of a spherical object has never been fully understood to include the entire space beyond the close proximity to the center.

What the theory of dipole gravity has accomplished is that it calculated and showed the compact mathematical form describing all the details of the field inside and out of the rotating spherical source. This was achieved by dividing the sphere into two sectors of the hemispheres, and by calculating the fields individually and adding them together, which is possible because the potential function is a scalar quantity.

The field close to the center calculated from this method produced the Lense-Thirring force of the form,

Several points can be noticed.

1. Both forms have the same sign correlations, eg, the radial and the axial component of the forces have the opposite sign with respect to each other.

2. They have the equal functional form as second order differential equations.

3. There is a uniform difference of a constant factor 2/15 between the two expressions.

4. The form derived from dipole gravity has the missing velocity dependent component of the force.

In the theory of dipole gravity, it has been specifically pointed out that only the diagonal component of the metric tensor is considered. The velocity dependent force can be added later without the loss of generality.

The difference of the constant factor by 2/15 may be explained by considering the fact that the center of the sphere is close to the centers of the two separate hemispheres. The centers of the two hemispheres are singularity points where the dipole field becomes infinity(which is a mathematical artifact) and the field close to the center of the hemispheres within the range of R/2 will not be accurate(larger than actually it is), which explains the discrepancy. This problem can easily be fixed by introducing a form factor etha.

Now, the total potential without singularity can be written

However, this was not the end of the story. The further surprising irony was that the signs of the Lense-Thirring forces are all reversed as later found out. Once the Lense-Thirring force is identified as the residual force from the two oppositely superposed long ranged dipole fields within the rotating spherical shell, the continuity of the force lines all around the space becomes an important issue.

Since we are aware of the jets and the dark matter problems in cosmology, the conventionally known signs of the Lense-Thirring force become very problematic. The repulsive radial force is not consistent with the dark matter problem any more than the attractive axial component of the force with the jets. Dark matter problems will be solved easily if the radial component of the force were attractive and the jets would be explained easily if the axial component of the force were repulsive.

In fact, the original formulation from dipole gravity showed the reversed signs for the Lense-Thirring force. However, since there was no compelling reason to doubt the correctness of the signs of the 90 year old formula, before applying the force to the actual cosmological problems, the result was simply adjusted to conform to the known results. Even the jet problem seemed all right with the original signs of Lense-Thirring configuration.

It was only with the dark matter problems that the signs of the Lense-Thirring force looked awfully awkward. One can not have the accretion phenomenon with the repulsive radial force, let alone the fast rotating spiral form of the galaxy. And the jet phenomenon seemed more easily explainable with the corrected signs of the Lense-Thirring force.

The necessary presence of the dark matter halo which is an absolute requirement for the explanation of the flat rotation curves within dipole gravity and also in dark matter hypothesis was the final nail on the coffin of the original signs of the Lense-Thirring force. It simply can’t be the other way around. The matters ejected by the jets have to come back to the equatorial plane and eventually to the galactic center to be recycled. The force lines depicted by the corrected Lense-Thirring force matched perfectly with this picture. If the original signs of the Lense-Thirring force were correct, matters will be ejected radially from the equatorial center to the plane and come back to the both poles which is against all odds.

More specifically, if this is the case, since the direction of the dipole gravity force lines and the Newtonian gravity force lines are in the same direction at the both poles, that are attractive, there will be no jets visible, because the accompanying two forces lines do not allow the debris to collide among themselves.

The dark matters are basically the debris in space in transit following this dipole gravity force lines.

Einstein was inspired by Mach's view of the universe and of the origin of the centrifugal force when he formalized general relativity. Naturally he expected that his theory of gravity should reflect Mach's point of view. The Lense-Thirring force was at the right spot and at the right moment. In his mind and that of Lense-Thirring's, there was no doubt that the force they derived from the second order effect of gravity was the manifestation and proof of Mach's principle. But how many times in the history of physics, people are inspired by something and discover something else totally new. But in general, I think, there is a general tendency of a bias when people strongly expect something to come out of their research activities.

Now, it is clear that the total general relativistic gravity field including the Newtonian gravity can be written
for a rotating hemispherical source. In a multiply connected dipole configuration, the second term will be represented by sums of all the existing dipoles in the system. For an example, the dipole field from a rotating sphere has to be a sum of the two oppositely connected dipoles within the source.

Any cosmological problems involving a rotating source will need this formulation to accurately describe the mechanics of the system just like we use Newtonian gravity to describe the non-rotating(very slowly rotating) stellar configurations.

It is not surprising at all that one has to make all kinds of extra assumptions to account for the baffling problems in cosmology, when this second order dipole gravity term was not present, even to the degree that the whole Newtonian mechanics has to be modified, let alone the plasma and the magnetic field for the jet phenomenon.

The correct order of the approach to solve the problem would be to apply this dipole gravity for the jets and the dark matter problems first and if it still doesn't work then use any additional tools to account for the further minute details.

In this regards, I noticed that the GPB data have been processed using the theoretical results derived from the conventional gravitomagnetism which is a wrong theory of gravity. The dipole gravity has the entirely different topological property compared to the theory derived from the modified Maxwell's equation. A rotating spherical mass has four distinctive poles instead of the two according to the dipole solution of general relativity. So, if the GPB data don't fit the predictions, they have to suspect that it may not be because of the systematic experimental error but because of the incorrect theoretical assumptions.

I'm sure this is not the end of cosmology. I hope dipole gravity can inspire young minds and help them discover something much bigger than the surface it barely scratched. I also hope it becomes the beginning of the new era of the engineering of this new scientific concept for the future space adventure of the mankind.

What has inspired the whole concept of dipole gravity?

The King's Invisible Cloth

2008-03-03T02:15:00.000-08:00

We have seen how the world of physics has changed suddenly in the early 20th century with the development of quantum mechanics and general relativity. In this process, we saw how Einstein played the major role even in the development of the quantum theory although he remained skeptical of the quantum mechanics. His willing acceptance of the radical concept by De Brogli prompted Schrodinger's equation which accelerated the development of quantum mechanics.

However, we are living in a world of much different than the early 20th century in a way much less flattering.

I think scientific research is like a job of a lonely artist. Even if people do not understand what you are doing, you have no choice but to keep on doing what you have been doing. The difference between the art and the science is that an ideal model of beauty represents the goal of an artist, while the ideal model of a grand logical consistency becomes the goal of a scientific research.

But it seems that we are living in a society where the fundamental science is in a total disregard of the rational approach. I think this may only mean that we are up against the brick wall for the next breakthrough in science. The field of cosmology has gone awry for a long time that the King's invisible cloth has become literally very beautiful. For an example, beyond the concept of dipole gravity that has been discussed extensively in this blog, I don't see why people can not overcome the barrier of the speed of the light limit. It was meant to be applied only for material particles. The meaning of the limit of the speed of light vanishes as soon as we are talking about the outside of the light cone particles.

There are more than a dozen of reasons that the neutrinos must be tachyons. On the other hand, there is only a couple of reasons that the neutrinos can not be tachyons.

Namely, "nothing can travel faster than the speed of light". And "quantum theory works without the tachyonic particles". In fact, the necessity of the renormalization in quantum theory should have been considered its fundamental logical deficiency.

However, it is obvious that the first reason is not even a valid one. It is merely an unsubstantiated unscientific dogma. All the experimental data so far have proven in favor of the fact that neutrinos must be tachyons.

In fact, what special relativity has shown us is that because of the difference in Galileo transformation (first order differential equation in time) and the inertial transformation of the Maxwell's(second order differential equation in time), in the process of unifying the transformation via Lorentz's scheme, the unexpected discovery has been made. That is the possible presence of the entirely different world of the faster than the speed of light travel by the tachyonic particles.

The speed of light barrier has merely played the role of a parametric boundary between the two entirely different physical worlds.

The economy created by this concept is enormous. It is mechanically transparent that these tachyonic particles are the original cause of the gravity as well as the quantum mechanics. The quantum mechanical uncertainly is due to this random nature of the background tachyonic particles hitting on quantum objects like electrons via the electroweak interaction which must be longer ranged and stronger than the elastic collision cross section, which may explain the enormous scale difference between the Plank constant and the gravitational constant. Since we have the same number density and the average speed of travel by the background tachyonic particles, what determines the strength of the Planck constant and the gravitational constant is the respective interaction cross sections. The unification of gravity and quantum theory is achieved by this mechanical concept not by a trick of a Lagrangian.

In a simple tachyonic mechanics exercise, one can calculate the result of a head on (billiard ball like) collision between an electron and a tachyonic particle. In this process, the tachyonic neutrinos lose energy but gains speed after the collision. And consequently the quantum electrons gain energy and speed. However, due to the random isotropic distribution of the background particles and their collisions, the average position and the speed of the quantum object remain unchanged yet the actual position and the speed will never be known. The probabilistic nature of the quantum theory comes out naturally from this picture.

The bounced off tachyons from the heavy matter creates Gaussian density distribution of a relative void of tachyonic neutrinos. The tachyonic vacuum is equivalent to a gravity center like a balloon in the air filled room tends to move toward the low pressured region. So the universe is filled with this low energy but much faster than the speed of light particle known as neutrinos which determines how the matter particles should behave in the universe. These low energy tachyonic neutrinos will have a very low(almost zero) inelastic cross section with the material particles.

So, not only they are not visible, but also they are not detectable.

The hadronic particles will have much higher elastic cross section with the tachyonic particles which contributes to their heavier mass.

Until we see clearly the King's invisible cloth is not there, there will be no progress of science in our life time.

Additional Long Range Gravity Force

2008-02-25T20:42:00.000-08:00

One of the well known astrophysicists has stated that the theory of dipole gravity is confusing when it comes to the explanation of the relativistic jets. The theory itself is not difficult but what makes it confusing may be that the same terminology and similar concept has to be used to explain the mechanisms of the theory. One can not build a new house without demolishing the ragged old one at the same place. Largely this is in the minds of the people in the field than the actual physical construction. So, here is a more concise description of what it is.

The fundamental difference between the theory of dipole gravity and other astrophysical theories of the relativistic jets(plasma and magnetic field caused), MOND and the dark matter hypothesis is that, dipole gravity is a theory derived from the first principle. In fact, the jets and dark matter problem were not in immediate consideration when the theory of dipole gravity was conceived. Of course, the reason behind the perception of the need for such a theory has been constantly in the back ground because of the inadequacies of the physical mechanisms behind those theories.

It all started from the fundamental physical anomaly observed from the simple mechanical system of the rotating hemisphere when special relativity was incorporated into the calculation of the center of mass. Consider this, why and how the center of mass of a hemisphere changes when it is in rotational motion even when there is no external force(in the direction of the shift) applied to it. And why this is not the case for the rotating sphere?

Newtonian mechanics states that an object should be at rest unless an external force is applied in the direction of the motion. Being at rest by definition means that the effective center of mass is in the same position relative to the entire distribution of the matter in the universe.

If the mass increase effect of special relativity is the real physical phenomenon and not some kind of an illusion, one can not avoid this anomaly of the center of mass shift from a rotating hemispherical system. It is a very real physical effect and it fundamentally challenges the conventionally known mechanics. It can mean many things. The rotating hemisphere(longitudinal axially asymmetric object) somehow may experience an external force which causes the shift of the center of mass. But the fundamental mystery of this system is that the shift of the center of mass moves along with the object itself. So it is possible that the system may be in a perpetual mode of acceleration.

Not surprisingly, it didn't take long to find out that the same mechanical system has been totally neglected in general relativity as well. The hitherto abandoned dipole term in the linearized theory of general relativity starts to have the real meaning because such a shift can not be transformed away. It is a real physical effect that depends on the energy in the system.

If we have a dipole gravitational moment in the two mass pole model universe, it will certainly be in a perpetual mode of acceleration until it reaches to one of the poles. The paper basically describes the effect of this force, but the real point of the paper was that it has justified the reality of the dipole gravitational moment which is the source of the additional long range gravity force which we have been missing in the entire history of mankind.

Now it is natural that we have to apply this fundamental force derived from the first principle to the hitherto unsolved(satisfactorily) cosmological problems. First of all, according to the dipole gravity potential from a rotating spherical object, the jets from the rotating black holes or neutron stars are totally natural and not surprising at all.

During the process of the application of dipole gravity to the dark matter problem, it has become clear that the sign of the Lense-Thirring force can not be consistent with the accretion phenomenon because the radial component of the Lense-Thirring force is repulsive(outgoing). The accretion and the jets can not be separated, and when the signs of Lense-Thirring force are corrected, everything(jets, accretions and flat rotation curves) starts to make perfect sense. The point source nature of the jets basically creates the 1/r dependent dark matter density distribution which is required to explain the flat rotational velocity curves.

So, the real physical nature of the dark matter is that it is a group of a constantly moving debris(pretty much like comets and asteroids) in the spiral galaxy following the dipole gravity force lines(from the poles to the equatorial center) that resembles the two superposed gravitomagnets around the rotating ultra compact stellar object. Since the dipole gravity force line is divergent at the poles and around the galactic sphere until they come together at the central accretion plane, the ejected matters can not be visible while they are in transit until they reach the rotational plane where the massive collisions among the debris occurs and generates visible radiation. Therefore, the luminosity close to the galactic nuclei may represent the strength of the jets and the density of the matters being recycled and this could be used as a valid parameter for the prediction of the flat rotation curves as they did in MOND.

In fact, the sources of the asteroids that bombarded the planets which left so many scars on their surfaces in the solar system can be explained if we assume that this kind of dark matters are pervasive in our galaxy as well.

Self Evident Dipole Gravity

Dark Energy

2008-02-14T16:07:00.000-08:00

Since the theory of dipole gravity has hinted that the gravity in general is a bulk effect rather than a quantum effect, the presence of the superluminal tachyonic particles in the background of the universe becomes a strongly favored concept.
One of the candidates of these particles are neutrinos which has been enforced by the fact that the measured mass squared value of the neutrinos has consistently been reported to be negative.

If neutrinos are also magnetic monopoles, the symmetry of EM is restored where the symmetry has been known to be broken by the fact that there is no isolated magnetic monopole detected in the universe. The concept is also strengthened by the fact that the electrons and antineutrinos are produced hand in hand when the neutrons are broken to pieces by beta decay.

The following consequence of this scenario is that the tachyonic magnetic monopoles, while traveling faster than the speed of light, will still exert forces among themselves in such a way that a certain part of the space is no more crowded than the other part of the universe. The net effect is the ever growing expansion of the universe.

The total energy content may be calculated by the number density of the tachyonic neutrinos in a volume of a cubic centimeter and the energy due to their mutual repulsive magnetic forces.

There can be questions on why there are more of the antineutrinos than the neutrinos in the universe. Where is this asymmetry coming from? It is possible that we are living in the universe where the configuration of the proton, electron, and the antineutrinos are predominant as the way we observe it, while there can be other universe right next to ours that is totally opposite of what we have. The universe next to us may have the negatively charged nucleus and the positrons orbiting the nuclei with the abundant neutrinos instead of the antineutrinos in its background of the universe.

Physicists like to look for symmetry, whenever there is a lack of symmetry in nature; we are suspicious of it and wonder why. Of course, dipole gravity was a part of an answer to such a quest because the rotating hemisphere breaks the symmetry of the center of mass from that of a rotating sphere by its anomalous relativistic shift.

I'm sure the superstring theorists are also in the same shoes in looking for the answer for the ultimate symmetry of the nature.

Accretion Disc

2008-02-12T11:40:00.000-08:00

Within the Newtonian gravity only, it is hard to explain how the matter falls into the galactic nuclei without losing its angular momentum first. To explain this problem without invoking the additional long range gravity force, one has to introduce the friction and the hydrodynamic fluid equation as well as the concept of the plunge radius within which one has to assume that the matter falls into the nuclei without having the persistent rotational motion. In fact, the angular momentum is such a well conserved quantity that it is hard to get rid of it without a proper cause.

If we have an additional long range gravity force that depends on the function of 1/r^4 in the radial direction, the Virial theorem can not hold and the matter circling around the nuclei will not conserve the angular momentum and the orbit is not going to be closed.

The orbit of the matter circling around the galactic core with the additional long range dipole gravity force will become smaller and smaller with the increasing velocity until it plunges into the nuclei with a violent collision which may be the major cause of the observed gamma ray bursts. This also implies that the accretion debris is neither in a purely ionized plasma nor in the gaseous states.

By this way, the necessity of finding an alternative way to lose the angular momentum is totally unnecessary, let alone the assumption of the existence of the plunge radius. As discussed in the page black hole jet engine, the dipole gravity potential with its latitude angular dependency explains the mechanism on how the matter prefers to stay in the thin disk shaped region in the equatorial plane as well.

It is fundamentally caused by the lower dipole gravity potential formed around the equatorial plane due to the latitude angular dependency of the force. The heat of the material falling into the nuclei is caused by the continuous compressing force of dipole gravity toward the core of the galaxy, which is manifested by the attractive harmonic force of the (sign corrected) Lense-Thirring force at the center.

Within the entire picture of the spiral galaxies, the accretion disc is an integral part of the jets and the dark matter problem when dipole gravity is invoked for its explanation.

History of Gravitomagnetism

2008-02-01T02:04:00.000-08:00

It has long been speculated and conjectured that there must be a magnetism like counter part in gravity like in the theory of electricity and magnetism. One of these lines of pursuit was the conventionally known as "gravitomagnetism", which is entirely different from the one presented here as dipole gravity & gravitomagnetism.

The traditional gravitomagnetism starts from the modification of Maxwell's equation to accommodate the known facts in gravity. For example, there is only one known charge(mass) and the force between them is attractive. This resulted in the equation,

where E represents the regular gravity, B the gravitomagnetic field and G the gravitational constant. The entire concept is based on the assumption that the constantly moving charge(mass) creates a gravitomagnetic field around its path like in the case of moving electric charges. However, this formulation didn't result in any new understanding of the gravitational phenomena.

A rotating toroidal ring was its basic model device to create a gravitomagnetic effect. However, a rotating metallic ring did not produce any new physical effect. It did not succeeed in deriving the Lense-Thirring force at the center of the rotating sphere. And it was not useful in solving the emerging mysteries of the universe. In retrospect, one can see that this conventional gravitomagnetism was heavily relied on Maxwell's equation than gravity effect itself. It is basically a Maxwell's equation with the single charges and the attractive force among themselves.

According to the concept of the equivalence principle, an accelerating frame is indistinguishable from the gravitational field itself. However, constantly moving electrons can create magnetic field around their path, which means that the modified Maxwell's equation will predict a gravitomagnetic effect from a constantly moving mass which is in direct disagreement with the equivalence principle.

We can only see it more clearly in the light of dipole gravity, how and why it went wrong. The first and crucial problem was that they tried to find the answer from the outside of general relativity which has been the most successful theory of gravity known today. And also, beyond the fact that the both forces are long range forces, there is little that is common between the two forces.

According to the theory of dipole gravity, accelerating mass in a rotating frame is not the complete condition to create a true gravitomagnetic effect. A rotating cylinder does not create the Lense-Thirring force, which has also been reported by Bass and Pirani. This fact itself already puts a major suspicion on the centrifugal interpretation of the Lense-Thirring force. A rotating sphere creates two opposite gravitomagnets which cancels out pretty good in the far distances.
The only way to create a net long range gravitomagnetic field is by the rotation of a longitudinal axially asymmetric object like a cone, hemisphere and etc.

Only in those cases, the rotational degree of freedom of motion is translated into the finite length element which forms the basis of the gravitational dipole moment.

Questions on the Validity of Blanford Znajek Mechanism on the Relativistic Jets

2008-01-30T13:23:00.000-08:00

May 22, 2006

Astrophysicists Discover ‘Compact Jets’ From Neutron Star

By Kim McDonald and Linda Vu

Compact jets that shoot matter into space in a continuous stream at near the speed of light have long been assumed to be a unique feature of black holes. But these odd features of the universe may be more common than once thought.

Astrophysicists using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope recently spotted one of these jets around a super-dense dead star, confirming for the first time that neutron stars as well as black holes can produce these fire-hose-like jets of matter. A paper detailing their surprising discovery appears in this week’s issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

"For years, scientists suspected that something unique to black holes must be fueling the continuous compact jets because we only saw them coming from black hole systems,” said Simone Migliari, an astrophysicist at the University of California, San Diego’s Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences and the lead author of the paper. “Now that Spitzer has revealed a steady jet coming from a neutron star in an X-ray binary system, we know that the jets must be fueled by something that both systems share.”

A neutron star X-ray binary system occurs when a normal star orbits a dead star that is so dense all of its atoms have collapsed into neutrons, hence the name “neutron star.” The normal star circles the neutron star the same way Earth orbits the Sun.

Migliari and his colleagues from four institutions in the U.S. and Europe used Spitzer's super sensitive infrared eyes to study a jet in one such system called 4U 0614+091. In this system, the neutron star is more than 14 times the mass of its orbiting stellar companion.

“Our data show that the presence of an accretion disk and an intense gravitational field may be all we need to form and fuel a compact jet,” he said.

Typically, radio telescopes are the tool of choice for observing compact jets around black holes. At radio wavelengths, astronomers can isolate the jet from everything else in the system. However, because the compact jets of a neutron star can be more than 10 times fainter than those of a black hole, using a radio telescope to observe a neutron star's jet would take many hours of observations.

With Spitzer's supersensitive infrared eyes, Migliari's team detected 4U 0614+091's faint jet in minutes. The infrared telescope also helped astronomers infer details about the jet's geometry. System 4U 0614+091 is located approximately 10,000 light years away in the constellation Orion.

Other co-authors of the paper are John Tomsick of UCSD; Thomas Maccarone, Rob Fender and David Russell of the University of Southampton, UK; Elena Gallo of UC Santa Barbara; and Gijs Nelemans of the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory manages the Spitzer Space Telescope and science operations for the mission are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology.

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Neutron Stars Join The Black Hole Jet Set
ScienceDaily (Jun. 28, 2007) — NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has revealed an X-ray jet blasting away from a neutron star in a binary system. This discovery may help astronomers understand how neutron stars as well as black holes can generate powerful beams of relativistic particles.
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The jet was found in Circinus X-1, a system where a neutron star is in orbit around a star several times the mass of the Sun, about 20,000 light years from Earth. A neutron star is an extremely dense remnant of an exploded star consisting of tightly packed neutrons.
Many jets have been found originating near black holes - both the supermassive and stellar-mass variety - but the Circinus X-1 jet is the first extended X-ray jet associated with a neutron star in a binary system. This detection shows that the unusual properties of black holes - such as presence of an event horizon and the lack of an actual surface - may not be required to form powerful jets.

"Gravity appears to be the key to creating these jets, not some trick of the event horizon," said Sebastian Heinz of the University of Wisconsin at Madison, who led the study.

The discovery of this jet with Chandra also reveals how efficient neutron stars can be as cosmic power factories. Heinz and his colleagues estimate that a surprisingly high percentage of the energy available from material falling onto the neutron star is converted into powering the jet.
"In terms of energy efficiency across the Universe, this result shows that neutron stars are near the top of the list," said Norbert Schulz, a coauthor from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. "This jet is almost as efficient as one from a black hole."
The Chandra results also help to explain the origin of diffuse lobes of radio emission previously detected around Circinus X-1. The team found the X-ray jets of high-energy particles are powerful enough to create and maintain these balloons of radio-emitting gas.
"We've seen enormous radio clouds around supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies," said Heinz. "What's unusual here is that this pocket-sized version, relatively speaking, is being powered by a neutron star, not a black hole."
The main evidence for the newly found jet comes in two extended features in the Chandra data. These two fingers of X-ray emission are separated by about 30 degrees and may represent the outer walls of a wide jet. When overlapped with radio images, these X-ray features, which are at least five light years from the neutron star, closely trace the outline of the radio jet.
Another interpretation is that these two features represent two separate, highly collimated jets produced at different times by a precessing neutron star. That is, the neutron star wobbles like a top as it spins and the jet fires at different angles at different times.
Jet precession is also consistent with radio observations taken at different times, which show varying orientation angles of the jet. If the precession scenario is correct, Circinus X-1 would possess one of the longest, narrowest jets found in X-ray binary systems to date, representing yet another way in which neutron stars can rival and even outdo their larger black hole relatives.
These results will appear in an upcoming issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala., manages the Chandra program for the agency's Science Mission Directorate. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory controls science and flight operations from the Chandra X-ray Center in Cambridge, Mass.

Comment:

If Blanford-Znajek mechanism is the unique and correct mechanism to generate relativistic jets, it should also be able to explain the jets from the neutron stars as well. But it doesn't, which only means that the Blanfod-Znajek mechanism fails by its own weight contrary to what people in the field may believe. On the other hand, the first conspicuous feature of dipole gravity was the unquestionable jets from the rotating compact stellar objects.

In fact any theory that requires a strong magnetic field to explain the relativistic jets faces the same problem. It breaks down when there is no magnetic field involved in the jet phenomenon. Penrose's mechanism and William's extension of it are certainly in this category. Other than the Kerr metric itself, no one seems to be able to explain why the strong magnetic field has to be present around the black holes or around the rotating neutron stars.

Also, the observed jets seem to be symmetric in both poles. If the magnetic field and the plasma are responsible for the jets, one side of the jets has to be very long while the other side must be at least 1836 times shorter because the mass of a proton is 1836 times larger than that of an electron, since in both cases the force that is responsible for the jets must come from the electromagnetic interactions according to their theories. And the oppositely charged particles can not be ejected in the same direction due to the fundamental properties of the Maxwell's equation.

It has also been speculated that the positrons are created in equal numbers of the electrons in the jet emitting process. If this assumption is correct, one side of the jets will be totally made of the electrons and the other side will be of the positrons. They(the positrons and the electrons) can not travel in the same direction. And it will eventually create a gigantic electrostatic dipole along the direction of the jets and the shear amount of the electrostatic energy accumulated in the process will halt such a stream of particles in a matter of a second. Conventionally, the observed X-ray was explained as due to the annihilation of these pairs along their path, which must have been going on for billions of years.

In conclusion, regardless of what kind of numerical simulation is introduced, there is no way of going around these stumbling blocks of the fundamental electromagnetic physical principles. It is simply impossible to explain the observed jets using the magnetic field and plasma.

Black Star News Dipole Gravity Article

2008-01-28T00:49:00.000-08:00

Despite the miraculous innovations associated with the field of science, it’s not uncommon to find gaps or inaccuracies in what’s otherwise considered unflappable historical research.

Take, for example, the topic of gravity. Was Sir Isaac Newton wrong when he described universal gravitation and the laws of motion? Of course not. Can his theories be added to? According to Dr. Eugene Jeong, the answer is yes.

Jeong, a physicist from both the University of Michigan and the University of Texas, is an expert on the subjects of dipole gravity and gravito magnetism. Dipole gravity, says Jeong, is different from Newton’s monopole theory of gravity in that it depends upon the geometrical shape of an object when in rotation.

“Newton's theory is easy to calculate when spherical model is used, but dipole gravity is easy to calculate when rotating hemisphere is used as a model system,” explains Jeong. “It’s truly apples and oranges. It all sounds simple but it took 90 years to come up with that answer.”

“Gravito magnetism, also called dipole gravity, is still a theoretical concept, but has the potential to change the way human beings approach space travel,” says Jeong. “If individuals are willing to look beyond what they’ve been taught, they’ll see that we’ve only begun to tap the surface of gravitational limits.”

Jeong’s recent contribution to the scientific community came in the form of a scientific paper detailing the possibility of space travel through the use of gravito magnetic propulsion systems. While still in its infancy, the concept is one that could allow for travel throughout the universe with very little energy use.

“The science is there, now it’s a matter of bringing together the scientific community to move forward on this,” adds Jeong.

News Paper Article

Clash and Evolution of Civilization

2008-01-26T03:20:00.000-08:00

I think we are at the turning point of the next level of civilization. We need a giant shift of the scientific paradigm. The old school has been defeated but keeps holding onto the illusion of control hoping that the rising new paradigm may disappear if they keep quiet and delay the concession.

In political arena, one who gets defeated usually makes a public announcement that he/she has been defeated. And everybody gets on with their lives. Now in the scientific world, people in the field can easily think that they can cheat especially when they think they are protected by the huge number of the same school of thoughts. Because they tend to think the general public is not well educated and ignorant of the complicated scientific thought process.

By willfully ignoring the challenge, they want people to think that the new paradigm is not worthwhile or unimportant which is a very cunning form of a deceit because unlike in the old ages like at the time of Galileo, one can not forcefully stop the inflow of a new paradigm without a righteous means.

But you can see there is the same kind of blatant disregards on the proper reasoning and rationalism. Time has changed but people never did change. The reason everybody is holding their breath is because the Shepherd is not taking a good care of the herd at all. A good Shepherd will not care about self but will show the way for the best of the herds.

Knowledge without courage is a useless burden to the intellectuals.

Why Now?

2008-01-17T05:38:00.000-08:00

Personally, I'm horrified to imagine myself to be in the shoes of the researchers in the field of MOND and in the theory of the plasma and magnetic field caused jet phenomenon from the black hole accretion discs. It is possible that they could blame me for the cause of their failure asking "why are you doing this to us and now?" But the two major papers regarding dipole gravity were published in 1997 and 1999 in the regular journals after I uploaded them first in the LLNL archive.

They should have had enough time to investigate what might be at stake in their future research activities. Because no one would want to waste his/her valuable energy and time for something that is not going to withstand the harsh reality of the world of the scientific research.

After the publication of the last paper in Physica Scripta, I felt exhausted and found myself deeply involved in other major mystery of the nature. I felt I did my job and it is only up to the researchers in the field whoever finds it interesting and takes it over and expound the theory to the bottom of it. However, to my greatest disappointment, the theory of dipole gravity was still buried and untouched eight years after I showed the dipole gravity potential diagram which conspicuously showed the possibility of the jets from the rotating compact stellar objects. The sign error in the Lens-Thirring force could have been found by anyone who took a time to take a close look into it. And such a discovery could have been regarded as pivotal in the understanding of the dark matter problem.

Don't tell me I didn't communicate personally the major idea with the highest authorities in the field. The first person I contacted to communicate the idea even before the publication in the LLNL archive of course was Dr. Kip Thorne of Caltech. After a lengthy debate over the email exchange, he finally acknowledged that "the concept of the gravitational dipole moment makes sense...".

I didn't think he would like me to use his private comment as a public endorsement of the theory of dipole gravity because he never replied after I sent him the last email saying that "by the way, the theory of dipole gravity predicts the possibility of extracting the gravitational energy from space..." I regretted the fact I did. First off, it was obvious from the theory itself, so it was unnecessary and second, it could've been too frightening for anyone to imagine such a possibility.

His main objection in the beginning was that the gravitational dipole moment is basically a removable constant phase factor in the field theoretical description, which is a different way of saying that one can remove it by displacing the origin of the coordinate system to the true center of mass of the source.

I countered that in the case of a rotating hemisphere, the phase angle depends on the physical parameters like the rotational angular frequency and the geometry of the source which can not simply be transformed away because they are physically meaningful quantities due to the relativistic shift of the center of mass.

I continued "if we take a partial derivative of the field with respect to the momentum variable, the phase angle which depends on the angular frequency of the source will generate a very complex value which is highly nontrivial..."

That's when he finally acknowledged that the concept of the gravitational dipole moment makes sense.

I don't know even now if he knew exactly what he was talking about. Because he was consenting into the fact that the field of general relativity and gravitation has been neglecting the whole new chapter on the gravitational dipole moment and the vast physical and scientific consequences following from it.