Europa Medievale

Medieval Students

2008-05-11T09:56:00.002Z

Medieval Students
The faculty of modern and medieval languages
www.mml.cam.ac.uk/

Medieval Studies

2008-05-10T20:19:00.006Z

Middle East & Islamic Studies Collection

www.library.cornell.edu

Medieval Songs

2008-05-09T13:33:00.003Z

Medieval Songs

http://www.medieval.net/songs.htm

Medieval Sources: Armenia and Georgia

2008-05-07T07:42:00.003Z

Medieval Sources: Armenia and Georgia

An October, 1996 request to the discussion list LT-ANTIQ for a bibliography on Armenia in Late Antiquity produced a number of suggestions, not only for this subject, but for Late Antique Georgia, too. Contributers included Ian Colvin, Gerald E. Ottenbreit, Jr., Edward G. Mathews, Jr., and Steve Rapp. Gerald Ottenbreit generously provided some corrections and amplifications. Any remaining errors are those of the compiler
www.nipissingu.ca/department/history/MUHLBERGER/orb/armenia.htm

Compagnie Medievale

2008-05-03T17:04:00.004Z

Compagnie Medievale

Bienvenue sur Médiéval et Moyen Age, le site des amoureux du moyen-âge, consacré à cette fabuleuse et mystérieuse période de notre histoire, au monde médiéval, au patrimoine de la France, aux mystères et aux légendes. Vous trouverez de nombreuses infos, des photos, des articles sur la cuisine médiévale, les mystères templiers, les plantes médicinales ou les secrets des sorcières. Vous découvrirez les mots et les proverbes anciens, les poèmes et les chansons des troubadours...

www.medieval-moyen-age.net/categorie-1253727.html

Medieval Sources

2008-05-02T08:31:00.002Z

Medieval Sources

http://www.library.uiuc.edu/mdx/medstud/french.htm
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~comitatu/teaching.html

Medieval Feasts

2008-05-01T08:57:00.001Z

Medieval Feasts

Following the traditional standards of the middle ages, we will begin the feast with soup that satisfied 14th century families. Wholesome and good, heated in our spectacular fireplace and served piping hot right out of the kettle. Bread will be served to soak up the broth. www.gasthausonthelake.com/Gasthaus-MedievalFeast.html

Medieval fight

2008-04-24T20:16:00.002Z

Medieval fight

http://fightmedieval.com/

Medieval Money

2008-04-22T14:25:00.002Z

Medieval Money
Money & Trade

The growth in Trade
As Europe became more peaceful and orderly, people began to be more interested in buying things and demands for luxury items such as silks and gems increased. Trade grew and medieval merchants who used to be just peddlars became more properous and a rich merchant class emerged. The marketplace became the focus of many towns. New jobs were created in towns as well as new powerful estabilshments like banks. This had an negative effect on the old feudal system.

By the 1300s, as the cities grew richer and more powerful, the merchant class wanted their freedom. In England this was bought by paying an annual tax to the king or Lord and the free towns became known as boroughs.
Coins in the Middle Ages
Medieval European coinage was standardized by Charlemagne around 800 AD when he conquered most of Europe. The standard Denier (Penny in English, Pfennig in German, Denaro in Italian) was a silver coin about the size of a US penny. It's thought that its value at the time was about that of a meal. For the next 4-500 years, most coinage in Europe followed this standard pattern. Most Medieval coins have a cross somewhere into the design. German and other eastern regions often incorporate an eagle into the design while English coins generally carry a crude portrait of the King. French coins will often show a monogram, castle, or cathedral.

http://n.hughes.free.fr/money.html

Medieval Dublin

2008-04-19T21:03:00.002Z

Medieval Dublin

Have you ever wondered where exactly the medieval town was located, or why the modern Irish name for Dublin is Baile Atha Cliath, or why there were two cathedrals in the Middle Ages, or why St. Stephen's Green is so called? Medieval Dublin lies mainly hidden from view, yet the signs are there for those who know how to interpret them. The following ten-point guide to the more important visible remains can be used either as a collection of individual items or as a continuous sequence

http://www.enfo.ie/leaflets/bs16.htm

St. George

2008-04-18T21:22:00.002Z

The Martyrdom of St. George in the South English Legendary (c. 1270-80)
Edited by E. Gordon Whatley, with Anne B. Thompson and Robert K. Upchurch
Originally Published in Saints' Lives in Middle English Collections
Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications, 2004
http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/whgeointro.htm

Medieval Jerusalem

2008-04-14T07:30:00.002Z

Medieval Jerusalem

The year was 1095 CE, William the Conqueror had united England under one crown 30 years earlier.* The French had been dividing properties amongst their sons for generations, causing bloodshed between brothers over small pieces of real estate. In reaction, Pope Urban II expanded "The Truce of God", which outlawed fighting from Sunday to Wednesday, and banned fighting involving priests, monks, women, laborers and merchants on any day of the week. Italy was a collection of city-states, constantly being overrun by invading hordes, the latest of which were the Normans, who had just started to become "civilized".
There was also the Byzantine empire, ruling from Constantinople, whose emperor at this time was Alexius Comnenus. To his East, the Turks were rapidly encroaching on his empire, and had begun attacking pilgrims on their way to - and in - Jerusalem, causing him great distress. He wrote to his friend Robert, the Count of Flanders, in 1093, telling him about supposed atrocities committed by the Turks on the Christian pilgrims, and Robert passed this letter on to Pope Urban II. Urban, an opportunist, saw this as a perfect way to solve some of his local problems. He personally promoted a Holy Crusade to reclaim the Holy Lands from the barbarian Turks. Thus, the First Crusade was launched in 1096 CE
.http://www.medievalcrusades.com/

Medieval writings

2008-04-08T12:04:00.002Z

Medieval Writings

Welcome to new users of this site, and welcome back to those returning for another look. This constantly growing project revolves around the culture of the written word in the middle ages. There is information on what people wrote about, as well as what they didn't write about but evidently knew anyway, some discussions on the working methods and materials of writing and concepts of literacy, and a steadily growing set of examples of historic scripts from around the 5th to around the 16th century. That is a broad chronology for medieval, but is there to demonstrate certain continuities in the culture and practice of writing. There are interactive paleography exercises derived from writing samples either in my possession or that of others or in archival institutions. Some examples have been published in very ancient paleography books that represent the finest of scholarship but which unfortunately nobody seems to read any more. The others have been nutted out by the partnership we call Tillotson's Medieval Enterprises, which means the interpretations may not be so authoritative, but you may not find them anywhere else. The project continues to grow, so bookmark the site so that you can return at leisure to explore around it.
http://medievalwriting.50megs.com/writing.htm

St. Francis bibliography

2008-04-07T17:42:00.002Z

St. Francis bibliography

http://moses.creighton.edu/harmless/bibliographies_for_theology/Medieval_5.htm

Medieval German Literature

2008-04-06T08:57:00.002Z

Medieval German Literature

The literature of any culture may be said to begin a long time before its first extant works were written down in manuscript form; the earliest manuscripts of German literature extend back to the eighth century. We can be sure of this because there exist in other Germanic languages, notably Gothic, Old English, and Old Norse, similar works that clearly belong to a common Germanic tradition. The events they recount, so far as they are historical, took place during the «Völkerwanderung», the mass-movement of Germanic peoples (375-568), that is, before the Germanic tribes split into the people we now designate as German, Scandinavian, and Anglo-Saxon. There can be no doubt that these troubled times gave impulse to creating songs, sagas, and legends, and that singers and poets?often summarily referred to as ´skopsª?gave them artistic form. Historical events were interwoven with mythological elements and motifs from other cultures, but there is a great deal of material common to all the Germanic literatures. It should be noted in this context that the appearance of any literature of note was contingent upon the de facto, if only superficial, incorporation of the Germanic tribes into the Church (DeBoor). It was during this early period that there developed the peculiar form known as alliterative poetry or «Stabreimdichtung», whose characteristics are the use of regular alliteration of stressed syllables and a four-beat line, associated in Norse poetry with the poetical device of kennings or descriptive periphrases of nouns.Although we are aware of the existence of this body of oral poetry and can trace its influence on works that are extant, it is risky to attempt to reconstruct Germanic works or to posit a «Germanic hero» type, in the sense that such heroes are supposedly endowed with qualities not found in other literatures. In fact, the heroes of Germanic works, so far as we can determine, share many of their characteristics with early heroes of other cultures. Nevertheless, they do possess some distinguishing moral and social values which will be considered later.
Medieval literature in Germany is generally divided into Old High German, early Middle High German, the classical period of Middle High German literature, and later Middle High German Literature, often also including earliest New High German Literature. The first of these divisions, which covers the period from about 775 to about 1075, is more of a linguistic than a literary division. It actually includes works written in several dialects, and one of the most important poems of the period, the Heliand, is written in Old Low German (that is, Old Saxon). The second period encompasses widely divergent literary monuments of the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. The classical period, during which almost all the outstanding works of medieval German literature were written, ex-tends from about 1170 to 1230. Its important cultural and literary characteristics are clearly

Introduction

http://www.nd.edu/~gantho/

Strange Bayeux

2008-04-02T19:18:00.003Z

Strange Bayeux

http://medievalwonka.ytmnd.com/
http://medievaljumparound.ytmnd.com/
http://yeoldebookstorecrash.ytmnd.com/

Medieval Travel

2008-04-01T20:17:00.003Z

Medieval Travel web site
The all new medieval travel site, come travel back in time, when knights were bold and Camelot was not the
name of a national lottery company.

Medieval travel contains information on medieval times, medieval castles, medieval armour, medieval weapon, medieval knight, medieval clothing, medieval costume, medieval times.

Medieval restaurant, medieval dress, medieval sword, medieval art, medieval food, medieval music, medieval history, medieval shields, medieval game, medieval clothes

http://www.medievaltravel.co.uk/

Medieval Cyberspace

2008-03-29T20:02:00.010Z

Medieval Fantasy in Cyberspace

In an ancient, rotting dungeon, the group edges forward toward the next room. The leader, speaking into a microphone attached to his PC, tells the other members to be careful. His character then walks to a switch and activates it, opening the door to the next room. Without warning, a group of skeletal warriors filters into the room. The party falls back, organizing itself amid the chaos. The warriors fight; the healers take care of the injured and other magic classes target enemies with spells from a safe distance.Welcome to Dungeons and Dragons Online: Stormreach, an MMORPG (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game) adaptation of the classic Dungeons and Dragons tabletop game series. Developed by Turbine (http://www.turbine.com) and published by Atari (http://www.atari.com), the game places the player in the Dungeons and Dragons universe, complete with the characters, quests, levels, enemies, items and treasure found in the tabletop game. go to the site

Medieval Cyberspaces

2008-03-29T12:46:00.004Z

Medieval Cyberspaces

Teachers are always looking for places for their students to explore. Here are a few places found in Medieval Cyberspace. If you find something interesting at one of the sights let us know and we will included it our upcomming medieval treasure hunt.
http://members.aol.com/tmatrust/places.html

Medieval Landscapes

2008-03-27T08:30:00.002Z

Medieval Landscapes

Mapping the Medieval Urban Landscape” is a two-year research project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC). The project was completed at the end of May 2005.The project came about to try to further our understanding of the processes that created urban landscapes in the middle ages. Conventional historical records do not reveal much about this, and so it is necessary to look at the plans of the towns themselves to map out how they came into being. This work is important as the middle ages is the key period of European urbanisation, when many towns and cities were established and prospered. Indeed, much of the urban network and heritage of Europe today is the result of our medieval ancestors. To recognise and appreciate this legacy we need to study these towns and cities (Click here for more on the project).

The project has explored the design and planning of towns in the middle ages. This required careful study of the surviving layouts of medieval towns, looking in particular at their shape and form, and to this end the project focused on new towns founded by King Edward I in the late 1200s. Twelve of Edward’s towns in Wales were selected for close scrutiny, and one in England. (Click here for more information on the study towns).
http://www.qub.ac.uk/urban_mapping/

2008-03-24T21:35:00.002Z

Medieval Village

Welcome to the web site of The Crossroads Project, an initiative to build an ecologically sustainable community, with excellent facilities for medieval activities.
Our goal is to build a medieval village on our property at Yass, New South Wales, Australia. We wish to foster traditional crafts and skills, establish partnerships with a variety of national organisations for pre-industrial crafts, for instance in blacksmithing and embroidery.
Crossroads will provide craft workshops and camping facilities for community groups, artisans and the public.
http://www.crossroads.org.au/

Medieval Christ

2008-03-22T18:25:00.002Z

Medicina Medievale

2008-03-17T07:40:00.002Z

Medicina Medievale

Parlando del mondo dell'uomo medievale, ci riferiamo in primo luogo alla condizione dell'uomo sofferente, che non è possibile vedere senza considerare la visione del mondo che sta alle sue spalle. La medicina medievale non deve essere intesa nella moderna accezione del termine, ma non va neanche confusa con le tecniche empiriche di una medicina popolare antiquata: ci troviamo infatti di fronte a un sistema organico che abbraccia tutti gli aspetti dell'uomo sano, malato e da guarire.
La medicina non era molto sviluppata, infatti fino al 1200 i medici scarseggiavano e le terapie non erano sufficientemente efficaci.
Questa scienza continuava ad essere infatti spaccata in due parti, da una parte, la medicina teorica che era profondamente legata alla filosofia, dall’altra la chirurgia che era considerata né più né meno una mansione da tecnici e non da scienziati. I progressi inizieranno con l’applicazione della meccanica alla biologia, con la conseguente nascita della Iatromeccanica, ed una più precisa conoscenza del corpo umano.
http://www.bluedragon.it/medioevo/medicina.htm

Medieval clothing

2008-03-16T09:49:00.002Z

Medieval clothing

The few roads that still existed were in a bad state, bridges were scarce, and brigands were common. For this reason during the Dark Ages, which lasted until about 1000 A.D., populations were tightly bound to the land surrounding the feudal lord's castle. People moved about only when there were festivals in other cities. These were the only occasions on which people could buy or look at different goods and have a chance to sell their own food or objects and fabrics made for sale. Fear controlled people�s lives and induced them to ask for protection from powerful warriors who had constructed well-defended castles, or from monasteries, which did not have soldiers but did have thick walls to hide behind. Life was hard, and , people thought little of clothing. Clothes were often made at home and were often rough and shapeless. Trousers, tunics and shawls were used to keep away the cold. The shawls were made of wool or fur and put over the shoulder. Most Europeans were dressed like today�s Benedictine monks, except for men�s trousers. Shoes were leather wrapped around the foot. Colors were plain; they were shades of gray, brown, dark blue and red. Conical hats were commonly worn.
This was a pyramidal society because the classes of people were in a shape of a pyramid.. with the kings and queens at the top of the pyramid (and were few in number) down to the peasants (who were many in number). In the middle were feudal lords, clerics, and others, such as vassals.

http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/ma/1adele.htm

Chansons medievaux

2008-03-15T07:18:00.002Z

Chansons medievaux

Recherches:
The following is an html version of my PhD dissertation, submitted as part of the requirements for the doctorate in systematic musicology from the Faculty of Music at the University of Western Ontario. Apart from minor corrections and changes in formatting it is unchanged and unrevised, so the research and bibliography are current only to 1994. The music examples were originally drawn by hand, and in order to make them available I scanned the printed sheets and converted them to gif images, which are viewable by clicking the appropriate links, either through the table of contents below, or from the main text.

The aim of this study is to lay the groundwork for an eventual codification of musical form and style in the troubadour songs. To that end, it concentrates on two of the broadest musical parameters, form and tonal structure. A new catalogue of all attributed songs is provided with the study, which is intended to remedy the deficiencies of Gennrich's, the only complete one available until now. It is based on descriptive and logical, rather than historical, principles, and the graphing procedure employed is designed to provide more information than the standard ones, by showing connections at the sub-phrase level. The songs are grouped into five large categories, based on the kind of phrase repetition found in their musical forms, and these categories then serve as a tool in the detailed examination of the nature and role of musical form in the repertoire. It is found that the troubadours' acknowledged fascination with structure for its own sake, as evidenced in their versification, can also be seen in their musical forms. Indeed, there is an intimate and dynamic interaction between the two kinds of form, which can serve as a paradigm for the understanding of music/text relations in the canso. The analysis of selected examples demonstrates some of the many ways in which the troubadours created subtle and finely articulated formal designs in their music; this contradicts the view that they were unskilled as composers and relied only on simple standard formulas for their music.v
http://www.troubadours.vaninpiano.com/bibliography.htm